The association of child abuse and neglect with adult disability in schizophrenia and the prominent role of physical neglect     

Alexei Gil  Clarissa S. Gama  Danilo Rocha de Jesus  Maria Inês Lobato  Marilene Zimmer  Paulo Belmonte-de-Abreu 《Child abuse & neglect》2009,33(9):618-624

ObjectiveTo assess long-lasting effects of childhood trauma on the functional outcome of adult patients diagnosed with schizophrenia.MethodNinety-nine stable patients with schizophrenia followed in an outpatient program at a public university hospital in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil, were investigated for childhood traumatic experiences by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and for functional impairment by the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHO/DAS). The schizophrenia diagnosis was assessed by ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria according to the Operational Criteria Checklist for Psychotic Illness (OPCRIT).ResultsChildhood trauma in general was associated with increased disability in adulthood, reflected by impaired Overall Behavior (p = .023) and Global Evaluation (p = .032). Analysis of specific traumatic domains revealed that increased childhood physical neglect was associated with functional impairment in Overall Behavior (p < .000), Social Role Performance (p = .037) and Global Evaluation (p = .014). Higher emotional abuse was associated with impaired Overall Behavior (p = .026), and higher emotional neglect with poor Global Evaluation (p = .047). Additionally, earlier onset of illness was associated with lower level of functioning evidenced by impairment in Overall Behavior (p = .042). Linear regression using WHO/DAS sections (Overall Behavior, Social Role Performance and Global Evaluation) as dependent variables and CTQ subscales indicated that only physical neglect had an effect on adult functionality.ConclusionsChildhood trauma was associated with functional and social impairment in adult patients with schizophrenia. Specific types of abuse and neglect, such as physical neglect and emotional abuse and neglect, influenced disability, and the most robust association was physical neglect. Studies involving more patients, with normal controls and additional measurements of biological liability, should be conducted to confirm this association and to increase the understanding of gene-environment relationship in schizophrenia and pathways to disability.Practice implicationsFurther investigation is warranted to clarify the association between childhood trauma and disability in schizophrenia, as well as to develop standardized instruments for the assessment of trauma and earlier detection of risk along with education of patients and families about adequate care, in an effort to reduce the incidence of disability in schizophrenia.  相似文献   

Remedial Education at Community Colleges in the State University of New York     

Richard M. Romano 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(12):973-992

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BOOK REVIEWS     

Richard M. Romano  Yenni M. Djajalaksana 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(7):539-555

Data from NCES indicate that it is two to three times more expensive to educate a student at a public four-year college than at a community college. These figures exaggerate the difference between the two when you calculate the costs of the first two years of education for students working on a bachelor's degree. Using modified Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) data from the recently released Delta Project, this study shows that the cost per full-time equivalent (FTE) and the public subsidy per FTE are lower at public master's level colleges than at the community college. Trend data from 1987–2005 are examined along with appropriate cautions for interpreting the results.  相似文献   

Framing social determinants of health within the professional public health community: research translation and implications for policy change     

Erin K. Knight  Gregory D. Benjamin  Danilo Yanich 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2016,44(3):256-274

Despite what experts know about the importance of social determinants of health (SDOH), poor health is generally understood by the public as an individual problem ameliorated through lifestyle and/or healthcare. To remedy this knowledge gap and promote policy change, public health professionals are investing in media advocacy to raise public awareness about SDOH and promote collective responsibility for health improvement. However, policy theory suggests this may be insufficient. More attention to the role of professional communities, as mediators of research translation and important policy actors, is warranted. We conducted a content analysis of news articles published by the American Public Health Association and found substantial attention to SDOH. However, the discourse was more biomedical than expected given the evidence regarding the relative importance of the major categories of health determinants. This may be a barrier to policy change and detract from the field’s efforts to promote political action.  相似文献   

Chinese Students’ Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help     

Michael Goh  Baozhen Xie  Kay Herting Wahl  Gulan Zhong  Fengqin Lian  John L. Romano 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2007,29(3-4):187-202

In this study 1,453 Chinese high school and college students’ attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help and factors contributing to attitude differences were examined. Results revealed that Chinese students possessed generally positive attitudes and their attitudes were significantly associated with gender, prior counseling contact and prior knowledge about counseling and psychology. Previous help-seeking behavior for a major problem was predictive of respondent attitudes. Students with a broad range of help-seeking preferences had more positive attitudes than students with a narrower range. Students who sought help from parents or teachers perceived counseling more positively than students not seeking such help; this result was more significant for high school students. College students’ attitudes differed more in the area of whether or not to seek help. In addition, family structure was related to two dimensions of attitudes toward help seeking—interpersonal openness and stigma tolerance, but not to attitudes toward seeking psychological help.  相似文献   

Amplitude of the rabbit’s unconditioned nictitating membrane response in the presence of a conditioned inhibitor     

John E. Desmond  Anthony G. Romano  John W. Moore 《Learning & behavior》1980,8(2):225-230

Using a light or backshock as the reinforced CS (A) and a tone or backshock as the conditioned inhibitor (X), rabbits experienced conditioned inhibition training in an A+/AX? paradigm. Following training, the amplitude of the unconditioned nictitating membrane response elicited by a mild (.5-mA) paraorbital shock was measured in the presence of X and AX and expressed as a percentage of the amplitude of the UR to the shock presented alone. In Experiment 1, the effect of X and AX on UR amplitude for conditioned inhibition animals was compared with that of control animals treated to a variety of pretest procedures. In general, UR amplitude in the presence of X exceeded that observed to the US presented alone. There was no consistent difference between the experimental and control groups. In Experiments 2–5, A test trials were added as an alternative reference point. Again, UR amplitude increased rather than decreased UR amplitude. In addition, X as a conditioned inhibitor enhanced the facilitating effect of A on UR amplitude in four out of five experiments. These findings have implications for theories of the “locus of action” of conditioned inhibitors.  相似文献   

Using Harvesting Models to Teach Modeling with Differential Equations     

Danilo R. Diedrichs 《PRIMUS》2019,29(7):712-723

Abstract: Harvesting models based on ordinary differential equations are commonly used in the fishery industry and wildlife management to model the evolution of a population depleted by harvest mortality. We present a project consisting of a series of scenarios based on fishery harvesting models to teach the application of theoretical concepts learned in a differential equations course to scenarios encountered in real fisheries. These projects require a thorough understanding of simplifying assumptions inherent in various models, as well as a qualitative analysis of phase portraits, bifurcations, and stability of steady states. Parameters are estimated and equations are sometimes solved both analytically and numerically. Students learn to respond to a professional request from a fishery in the form of a scientific report, which requires organizing and communicating assumptions, models, solution methods, results, and a final recommendation with clarity and professionalism.  相似文献   

Back to Africa: Tracing Dyslexia Genes in East Africa     

Elena L. Grigorenko  Adam Naples  Joseph Chang  Christina Romano  Damaris Ngorosho  Selemani Kungulilo  Matthew Jukes  Donald Bundy 《Reading and writing》2007,20(1-2):27-49

A sample of Swahili-speaking probands with reading difficulties was identified from a large representative sample of 1,500 school children in the rural areas of Tanzania. Families of these probands (n = 88) were invited to participate in the study. The proband and his/her siblings received a battery of reading-related tasks and performance on these tasks was recorded and treated as phenotypic data. Molecular-genetic analyses were carried out with 47 highly polymorphic markers spanning three previously identified regions of interest harboring susceptibility loci for reading difficulties: 2p, 6p, and 15q (DYX1–DYX3). The analyses revealed the involvement of these regions in the development of reading difficulties in Swahili. The linkage signals are especially pronounced for time (compared with error) indicators of reading difficulties. These findings are easily interpretable because in transparent languages such as Swahili deficits in reading are more related to the rate/speed of reading and reading-related processes than to the number of errors made. In short, the study incrementally advances the field by adding an understudied language and an understudied population to the variety of languages and populations in the field of molecular-genetic studies of reading difficulties.  相似文献   

Research summaries for normal birth     

Romano AM 《The Journal of perinatal education》2007,16(4):70-74

In this column, the author summarizes four research studies relevant to normal birth. The topics of the studies include the clinical and behavioral benefits of skin-to-skin contact after birth; the effect of a group model of prenatal care on preterm birth risk and breastfeeding success; the harmful effects of a brief interval of electronic fetal monitoring at hospital admission; and barriers to access to midwifery care.  相似文献   

ACTUAL AND OPTIMAL AMOUNTS OF GENERAL EDUCATION IN OCCUPATIONAL PROGRAMS     

Richard M. Romano 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(3):153-164

This article explores three different ways of approaching the question posed in its title: 1) age‐earnings profiles; 2) the present value of lifetime earnings; and 3) the rate of return on investment in schooling. While the lifetime income of a 2‐year graduate probably falls somewhere between that of a high school graduate and one with a 4‐year degree, under certain conditions, the payoff from a 2‐year degree may be higher than of a 4‐year degree  相似文献