Effects of kindergarten retention for at-risk children’s psychosocial development     

Machteld Vandecandelaere  Eric Schmitt  Gudrun Vanlaar  Bieke De Fraine  Jan Van Damme 《教育心理学》2016,36(8):1354-1389

Kindergarten retention is a popular practice for children who are considered unready for primary school. However, past research has not yet succeeded to find consistent, strong empirical evidence supporting the practice. In the current study, kindergarten repeaters’ development in nine psychosocial domains is compared with that of equally at risk but (1) continuously promoted age-mates and (2) promoted age-mates who repeated first grade instead. Analysing data from a large-scale longitudinal study using propensity score matching and multilevel modelling, the findings reveal no harm of kindergarten retention for at-risk children’s long term psychosocial development. Rather, we find that, relative to equally at-risk but continuously promoted children, kindergarten repeaters benefit from retention with respect to higher levels of well-being, and peer relations, and lower levels of hyperactivity, aggression and asocial behaviour. Compared to similar children who were promoted but who were retained in first grade instead, kindergarten repeaters are found to benefit more from retention with respect to higher levels of well-being, self-confidence, attitude to work and independent behaviour, and lower levels of hyperactivity.  相似文献   

汽轮机冷凝器污垢自转塑料纽带连续清洗节能技术     

支校衡  俞天兰  彭德其  俞秀民  罗健康 《湖南广播电视大学学报》2003,(1):89-91

本介绍了作对水垢-汽轮机冷凝器真空度影响状况的调查及其水垢引起的经济损失估计，叙述了自转塑料纽带的连续清洗和传热强化原理，试验表明自转塑料扭带的连续清洗能力能够满足冷凝器污垢清洗的要求，并且兼有幅度为9％-15％的传热强化作用，长时间的考核试验运行没有发现扭带对钢管壁的磨损问题，计算分析说明连续清洗纽带对提高机组真空度、出力和增产增效的作用显。  相似文献   

Transition from high school to university: a person-centered approach to academic achievement     

Mikaël De Clercq  Benoît Galand  Mariane Frenay 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2017,32(1):39-59

Although a vast body of studies regarding the variables related to students’ achievement exists, only a handful has investigated how these variables combine and interact together. Such an investigation might make it possible to more accurately illustrate the heterogeneity of students enrolling in university and assess the impact of this diversity on academic achievement. The current study focused on the person-centered approach and investigated the possibility of determining significant subgroups of freshmen in the very first week of the academic year in the Belgian educational context. Using k-mean clustering, 2178 freshmen were classified according to their past performance, socioeconomic status, study choice process, and academic self-efficacy beliefs at the beginning of the first year at university. Analyses of variance were also conducted to analyze the relationship between these student clusters and academic achievement outcomes. Six distinct profiles of students were identified representing different combinations of achievement predictors. Results revealed different odds of success among these profiles. The implications of our approach to the understanding of the heterogeneity of freshmen and the first-year achievement process are discussed.  相似文献   

Network Structure Expert System and Operation Optimization     

刘洪谦  袁希钢  麻德贤 《天津大学学报(英文版)》2003,9(1):35-40

It is propsed that double level programming technique may be adopted in synthesis strategy ,Optimi-zation of heat exchanger network sturctural configuration (the master problem )may be solved at the upper level ,leaving the rest operaing conditions (the slave problem)being optimized at the lower level ,With the uniqueness in mind,an HEN synthesis expert system may be employed to address both the logical constraints and the global operation parameters‘ optimization using enhanced sequential number optimization theory,Case studies demonstrate that the synthesis strategy proposed can effectively simplify both the problem-solving and the synthesis process,The validity of the strategy recommended is evidenced by case studies‘ results compared.  相似文献   

Estimating scale economies and the optimal size of school districts: A flexible form approach          下载免费PDF全文

Fritz Schiltz  Kristof De Witte 《British Educational Research Journal》2017,43(6):1048-1067

This paper investigates estimation methods to model the relationship between school district size, costs per student and the organisation of school districts. We show that the assumptions on the functional form strongly affect the estimated scale economies and offer two possible solutions to allow for more flexibility in the estimation method. First, we introduce a model by adding higher‐degree district size polynomials, allowing for multiple optima. Second, we develop a Fourier cost function, innovative in the literature on scale economies in education. We then compare both models to classical approaches in the literature. We illustrate how a minor change in the estimation method can alter policy conclusions significantly using Flemish school district data. In doing so, we find sizeable potential cost savings from the consolidation of school districts, especially at the lower tail of the district–size distribution. The organisational transition from small to large school districts is characterised by an interval between two optima. Beyond an apparent slowdown in cost savings in medium‐sized school districts, cost savings from school district consolidation increase again, up to the optimal size of around 6,500 students. Beyond this optimum, school districts incur diseconomies of scale. The commonly used quadratic form (‘U’‐shaped cost function) overestimates scale economies, and fails to identify the interval between both optima.  相似文献   

论企业理论对高校师资队伍建设与管理的几点启发   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

熊德平 《扬州大学学报(高教研究版)》2001,5(1):28-32

师资是高校发展之本，抽象高校与企业在具体生产过程上的判别两者具有共同的性质，经济学只有政府，市场和企业的划分也说明了两者的同质性，企业理论对高样同样具有解释力，企业理论中的交易费用理论揭示了决定高校师资队伍存在与规模的经济原因；资产专用性理论指出了防止具有专用性人力资本者机会主义行为的方法；非流性理论则找到了在存在机会主义的情况下分配师资管理与监督权力的原则；团队生产理论在说明管理与监督重要性和存在难题的前提下强调加强教育的重要性和教育内容的选择方向。  相似文献   

论医疗行为中知情权与隐私权的实现   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

何岚  黄德林 《华中科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2003,17(5):78-82

知情权和隐私权在公民接受医疗的过程中具有重要的意义。医疗行为中要保障患的知情权，同时也要兼顾医生的知情权。在医疗行为中，要充分保护患的隐私权，包括基因隐私权，要正确处理知情权和隐私权的冲突，最大限度地保护患。  相似文献   

价值多元论与普遍主义的困境——伯林的自由思想对自由主义政治哲学的挑战     

马德普 《天津师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2001,(6):11-17

以原子论个人主义为基础的规则普遍主义是自由主义政治哲学的重要特征,伯林的价值多元论及其蕴含的文化多元主义和历史主义精神则对普遍主义构成了严重挑战.  相似文献   

The Effect of Multidimensionality on IRT True-Score Equating for Subgroups of Examinees     

André F. De  Champlain 《Journal of Educational Measurement》1996,33(2):181-201

The purpose of this study was to assess the dimensionality of two forms of a large-scale standardized test separately for 3 ethnic groups of examinees and to investigate whether differences in their latent trait composites have any impact on unidimensional item response theory true-score equating functions. Specifically, separate equating functions for African American and Hispanic examinees were compared to those of a Caucasian group as well as the total test taker population. On both forms, a 2-dimensional model adequately accounted for the item responses of Caucasian and African American examinees, whereas a more complex model was required for the Hispanic subgroup. The differences between equating functions for the 3 ethnic groups and the total test taker population were small and tended to be located at the low end of the score scale.  相似文献   

高等学校会计核算图解     

李德涵 《衡阳师范学院学报》1990,(3)

根据国家教育委员会颁发的1989年1月1日起试行的“高等学校会计制度”的规定,绘制成10幅图解来介绍全国统一的高等学校现行的会计实务。本图解按资金收付记帐法绘制,左收右付、清晰地反映了帐户之间的对应关系,并且附有经济业务的简要说明。  相似文献