Irlen Colored Filters in the Classroom: A 1‐Year Follow‐Up     

Stuart J. Ritchie  Sergio Della Sala  Robert D. McIntosh 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2012,6(2):74-80

Colored filters are used to treat Irlen syndrome (IS), a controversial disorder posited to be the cause of a substantial proportion of reading difficulties. Previously, we found that Irlen colored filters do not produce any short‐term alleviation of reading difficulties in schoolchildren aged 7–12. Here, we tested whether colored filters show benefits with longer‐term use, in a subset of the original sample. We measured reading rate with and without filters in 18 children diagnosed with IS, who had been using the filters for 1 year, and compared the progression of their reading ability across the year against 10 poor‐reader control children. The Irlen‐treatment group did not read any faster when using their colored filter, and showed no disproportionate gain in reading progress across the year compared to controls. We conclude that Irlen filters do not benefit reading, even after 1 year of use.  相似文献   

Rationalising predictors of child sexual exploitation and sex-trading     

Thimna Klatt  Della Cavner  Vincent Egan 《Child abuse & neglect》2014

Although there is evidence for specific risk factors leading to child sexual exploitation and prostitution, these influences overlap and have rarely been examined concurrently. The present study examined case files for 175 young persons who attended a voluntary organization in Leicester, United Kingdom, which supports people who are sexually exploited or at risk of sexual exploitation. Based on the case files, the presence or absence of known risk factors for becoming a sex worker was coded. Data were analyzed using t-test, logistic regression, and smallest space analysis. Users of the voluntary organization's services who had been sexually exploited exhibited a significantly greater number of risk factors than service users who had not been victims of sexual exploitation. The logistic regression produced a significant model fit. However, of the 14 potential predictors – many of which were associated with each other – only four variables significantly predicted actual sexual exploitation: running away, poverty, drug and/or alcohol use, and having friends or family members in prostitution. Surprisingly, running away was found to significantly decrease the odds of becoming involved in sexual exploitation. Smallest space analysis of the data revealed 5 clusters of risk factors. Two of the clusters, which reflected a desperation and need construct and immature or out-of-control lifestyles, were significantly associated with sexual exploitation. Our research suggests that some risk factors (e.g. physical and emotional abuse, early delinquency, and homelessness) for becoming involved in sexual exploitation are common but are part of the problematic milieu of the individuals affected and not directly associated with sex trading itself. Our results also indicate that it is important to engage with the families and associates of young persons at risk of becoming (or remaining) a sex worker if one wants to reduce the numbers of persons who engage in this activity.  相似文献   

Making education reform work for the poor: accountability and decentralization in Latin America     

Ben Meade  Alec Ian Gershberg 《教育政策杂志》2013,28(3):299-322

We build upon and examine critically the framework for analysing accountability set forth in the World Bank’s World Development Report 2004 (WDR04) through a review of selected literature studying accountability‐focused reforms in three Latin American countries – Brazil, Colombia and Chile. We examine the successes and pitfalls of the three accountability‐related reforms (which also involve some type of decentralization) in fostering institutional environments in which the key actors involved in provision are held responsible for fulfilling their roles in providing education services. We apply the WDR04 framework in our analysis of the process of implementation and impact of different types of accountability‐focused reforms in the three countries. The framework was conceptualized by analysing case studies such as ours for a broad range of sectors, and now has widening influence in the policy‐making community, thus justifying a critical assessment. We discuss common challenges impeding implementation of the reforms, most notably political and technical challenges and discuss how well the framework and report capture and emphasize such challenges. In studying the impact of the reforms, we find that their effects are generally more positive in less poor communities and discuss the need for a strong central state to monitor and address such issues.  相似文献   

Failing     

Della Pollock 《传播与批判/文化研究》2013,10(4):441-444

  相似文献   

“We Share the Same Biology…” Cultivating Cross-Cultural Empathy and Global Ethics Through Multilingualism     

Cyrus Rolbin  Bruno Della Chiesa 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2010,4(4):196-207

The “language-culture tesseract” hypothesized in the September 2010 issue of Mind, Brain, and Education suggests successive links between non-native language (NNL) acquisition, the development of cross-cultural empathy, and prosocial global ethics. Invoking Goethe's (1833/1999) aphorism, “those who do not know other languages know nothing of their own,” it was argued that becoming plurilingual constitutes an essential step toward metalinguistic and metacultural awareness; and that “what is true of water for a fish is also true of the mother tongue and of the native culture for a human being.” In this article, we would like to elaborate on that argument and submit to the MBE community the idea of applying the developing understanding of empathy in the brain toward the design of new approaches to NNL education that maximize its potential to cultivate a positive local–global dialectic in students.  相似文献   

Providing better education services to the poor: Accountability and context in the case of Guatemalan decentralization     

Alec Ian Gershberg  Ben Meade  Sven Andersson 《International Journal of Educational Development》2009

We explore how two community-based reform models align with the World Bank’s World Development Report 2004 accountability framework. Using a qualitative case study of rural Guatemalan primary schools, we examine local governance through interviews with a range of stakeholders.  相似文献   

Between the prescribed and the lived in physical education lessons     

Zenólia Christina Campos Figueiredo  Janaína Esfalsini Figueira  Sandra Soares Della Fonte  Francisco Eduardo Caparróz 《Sport, Education and Society》2016,21(6):945-962

This study examines physical education (PE) curriculum development in an elementary school. Our goal was to understand the daily construction of a curriculum. We sought to analyse the theoretical and methodological framework and documents that a PE teacher uses each day while putting a curriculum into practice (lived curriculum). The data collection instruments included participant observation, interviews and document analysis. The analytical process revealed the influence of internal and external factors that affect both the authorship and the autonomy of a teacher working on the daily construction of a lived PE curriculum and that create tensions, struggles and conflicts.  相似文献   

Checking Out the Library: Partnering for Outreach to Short-Term International Students     

James W. Rosenzweig  Qing H. Meade 《图书馆管理杂志》2017,57(4):375-388

In the academic year 2015–2016, librarians at Eastern Washington University implemented a series of outreach events for incoming cohorts of international students from Japan participating in a short-term English language program on their campus. The outcome of those outreach efforts has yielded valuable insights into the challenges associated with reaching a short-term international student population, and the particularly vital importance of a strong partnership with program faculty and staff.  相似文献   

Stimulated recall — An effective methodology for examining successful teaching in science   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Phil Meade  Marilyn McMeniman 《The Australian Educational Researcher》1992,19(3):1-18

Previous research by the authors (Meade, McMeniman, Wilson, Kanes and Davey, 1991) indicated the effectiveness of the stimulated recall (SR) methodology for examining the knowledge bases underlying the classroom actions of effective teachers in secondary mathematics and science. This study investigates more fully the robustness of the SR technique with special reference to: (i) making explicit the implicit theories of teaching; and (ii) the ways in which teachers construe effective teaching and learning. It probes the teaching practices of one effective high school science teacher, and compares the findings to another such teacher from the 1991 study. The conclusions made are that despite its labour intensive and time consuming nature, SR is a useful methodology for gaining profound insight into the implicit theories and beliefs of teachers, and the relationship between beliefs and actions. In particular, these theories and beliefs mainly concentrate on general pedagogical knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge.  相似文献   

健康信息需求分析及相关网络资源的使用——对达拉斯福和地区华人的调查     

安娜·德·克利夫兰  潘雪群  陈江萍  余昕宇  朱迪·菲尔布里克  马丁·奥尼尔  莉莎·史密斯 《图书情报工作》2008,52(3):112-112

本文阐述了一项由全美医学图书馆联盟中南区中心资助的研究项目。其目的是了解北美华人对健康信息的需求及网络健康信息资源的使用状况。本研究回收了101份调查表。研究结果发现调查对象有兴趣了解更多关于乳腺癌、糖尿病、乙型肝炎等疾病的信息,愿意学习如何使用互联网络查找高品质的健康信息资源。语言障碍以及对美国医疗体系知识的缺乏了解是调查对象在获取医疗健康信息中遇到困难的主要原因。面对这些需求和问题, 指出认识语言和文化的差异性,推荐权威性、可靠性、针对性强的高质量的健康信息资源,介绍网络健康信息质量评估方法, 将有助于对华人的医疗健康信息服务。  相似文献