Sermons,carrots or sticks? Explaining successful policy implementation in a low performance institution     

Diego Alonso Salazar-Morales 《教育政策杂志》2018,33(4):457-487

This article explains how after 43 years of unsatisfactory outcomes, the Ministry of Education of Peru (MoE) suddenly ranked at the top of governmental performance tables. To do so, this study relies on implementation and major discussions of policy instrument theories to provide a comprehensive explanation of the reasons underlying the MoE’s improvements. Methodologically, this research employs the mixed research methods paradigm. It combines process-tracing and regression analysis. The analyses show that the MoE underwent three major events in its route to achieve policy success. First, the approval of a long-term policy plan (National Educative Plan to 2021); second, the contentious legitimisation of governmental policies against Peru’s teachers’ union and its eventual defeat; and, third, the recentralisation of historically dispersed control functions in the MoE. The results indicate that upon the occurrence of these reforms, MoE’s bureaucrats could gain teachers’ legitimacy and eventually achieve complementarity of policy tools. In fact, the multiple regression analysis suggests positive and significant interdependence between the set of tools employed by MoE officers: parents’ voluntary monetary contribution to schools (sermon), economic incentives to outperform schools (carrots) and trimestral oversight of schools’ performance (sticks). Results also show that MoE’s tools are positively associated with satisfactory student-learning outcomes.  相似文献   

Validity of proximity sensor-based wear-time detection using the ActiGraph GT9X     

Diego Arguello  Kristie Andersen  Alvin Morton  Patty S Freedson  Stephen S Intille 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(13):1502-1507

Our study investigated the performance of proximity sensor-based wear-time detection using the GT9X under laboratory and free-living settings. Fifty-two volunteers (23.2 ± 3.8 y; 23.2 ± 3.7 kg/m²) participated in either a laboratory or free-living protocol. Lab participants wore and removed a wrist-worn GT9X on 3–5 occasions during a 3-hour directly observed activity protocol. The 2-day free-living protocol used an independent temperature sensor and self-report as the reference to determine if wrist and hip-worn GT9X accurately determined wear (i.e., sensitivity) and non-wear (i.e., specificity). Free-living estimates of wear/non-wear were also compared to Troiano 2007 and Choi 2012 wear/non-wear algorithms. In lab, sensitivity and specificity of the wrist-worn GT9X in detecting total minutes of wear-on and off was 93% and 49%, respectively. The GT9X detected wear-off more often than wear-on, but with a greater margin of error (4.8 ± 11.6 vs. 1.4 ± 1.4 min). In the free-living protocol, wrist and hip-worn GT9X’s yielded sensitivity and specificity of 72 and 90% and 84 and 92%, respectively. GT9X estimations had inferior sensitivity but superior specificity to Troiano 2007 and Choi 2012 algorithms. Due to inaccuracies, it may not be advisable to singularly use the proximity-sensor-based wear-time detection method to detect wear-time.  相似文献   

Pigments and binders in “Madonna col Bambino e S. Giovannino” by Botticelli investigated by micro-Raman and GC/MS     

Danilo Bersani  Pier Paolo Lottici  Antonella Casoli  Diego Cauzzi 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2008,9(1):97-102

During the restoration plan of the famous painting “Madonna col Bambino e S. Giovannino” by Sandro Botticelli, located in the Museo Civico of Piacenza (Italy), a study on painting materials was carried out. The pigments, the binders and the materials used for the application of ground and priming layers were studied using micro-Raman spectroscopy, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS), optical and electronic microscopies. Gypsum and anhydrite were found in the ground layer, while carbon black and lead white were used in the priming layers. The precious pigments of the artist's palette and the binders used (egg and animal glue) were determined.  相似文献   

一个无政府主义者的自然死亡     

Diego 《当代体育》2008,(11)

这个年代没有人会去深究上帝是否存在,也有人会不再认为他们读的圣经真的具有伟大的救赎之力能拯救世人脱离撒坦的阴暗。信仰在某种意义上。已经成为了一种纯粹供人们自我安慰的道德他律力量。所谓上帝的子民。在被消费主义日渐吞噬的现代社会浮沉之后,也不免会成为罪恶的祭品。  相似文献   

未来的主人翁：NBA年轻一代领袖档案     

Diego 《当代体育》2009,(1)

1984年乔丹领衔的黄金一代,开辟了90年代NBA众星捧月的大场面,马克利、奥拉朱旺、尤因、雷吉·米勒、超音速双怪以及犹他二老与篮球之神迈克尔·乔丹的轮番PK造就了美国职业篮球最辉煌的时代。1996年选秀大会又为联盟输送了科比·布莱恩特、阿伦·艾弗森、雷·阿伦这一批优质球星,加上1997年的邓肯和麦迪以及1995年的凯文·加内特,这一拨人是1998年乔丹退役之后NBA的中坚力量。  相似文献   

Knowledge areas,themes and future research on open data: A co-word analysis     

Diego Corrales-Garay  Marta Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado  Eva-María Mora-Valentín 《Government Information Quarterly》2019,36(1):77-87

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Distributed search based on self-indexed compressed text     

Diego Arroyuelo  Veronica Gil-Costa  Senén González  Mauricio Marin  Mauricio Oyarzún 《Information processing & management》2012

Query response times within a fraction of a second in Web search engines are feasible due to the use of indexing and caching techniques, which are devised for large text collections partitioned and replicated into a set of distributed-memory processors. This paper proposes an alternative query processing method for this setting, which is based on a combination of self-indexed compressed text and posting lists caching. We show that a text self-index (i.e., an index that compresses the text and is able to extract arbitrary parts of it) can be competitive with an inverted index if we consider the whole query process, which includes index decompression, ranking and snippet extraction time. The advantage is that within the space of the compressed document collection, one can carry out the posting lists generation, document ranking and snippet extraction. This significantly reduces the total number of processors involved in the solution of queries. Alternatively, for the same amount of hardware, the performance of the proposed strategy is better than that of the classical approach based on treating inverted indexes and corresponding documents as two separate entities in terms of processors and memory space.  相似文献   

Institutional experience of PTH evaluation on fine-needle washing after aspiration biopsy to locate hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue     

Massimo Giusti  Mara Dolcino  Lara Vera  Carla Ghiara  Francesca Massaro  Laura Fazzuoli  Diego Ferone  Michele Mussap  Francesco Minuto 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2009,10(5):323-330

Assaying parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the washing liquid after fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) seems to be a valid approach to locate parathyroid tissue. PTH-FNAB was evaluated in 47 patients with a clinical picture of primary hyper-parathyroidism (PHP) and ultrasonography (US) suggestive of parathyroid lesion. The patients were subdivided into two groups on the basis of the absence or presence of US thyroid alterations. The result of PTH-FNAB was compared with those of cytology, scintigraphy and, in 24 patients, surgical outcome. PTH-FNAB samples with a value higher than that recorded in the serum and higher than our institutional cut-off were deemed to be probable samples of parathyroid tissue. Cytology proved diagnostic for benign thyroid lesions, non-diagnostic for thyroid lesions, hyperplastic parathyroid tissue, undetermined or malignant thyroid lesions and other lesions in 45%, 30%, 17%, 4%, and 4% of cases, respectively. In 47% of cases, PTH-FNAB indicated that the sample had been taken in parathyroid tissue. In patients without US alterations, the diagnostic accuracy of PTH-FNAB was greater than that of scintigraphy. After surgery, comparison between the results of PTH-FNAB and scintigraphy, in terms of positive predictive value (PPV), revealed the superiority of PTH-FNAB; PPV was 94% for FNAB and 71% for scintigraphy, while sen-sitivity was 83% and 69%, respectively. PTH-FNAB evaluation after FNAB appears to be more diagnostic than cytology and scintigraphy. Of all the procedures used, PTH-FNAB appears to be the method of choice when the target is US suggestive and reachable. PTH-FNAB appears to be a useful method of guiding surgical intervention.  相似文献   

Biofouling of crypts of historical and architectural interest at La Plata Cemetery (Argentina)     

Patricia S. Guiamet  Vilma Rosato  Sandra Gómez de Saravia  Ana M. García  Diego A. Moreno 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2012,13(3):339-344

Cemeteries are part of the cultural heritage of urban communities, containing funerary crypts and monuments of historical and architectural interest. Efforts aimed at the conservation of these structures must target not only the abiotic stresses that cause their destruction, such as light and humidity, but also biofouling by biotic agents. The purpose of this study was to assess the development of biofouling of several historically and architecturally valuable crypts at La Plata Cemetery (Argentina). Samples obtained from the biofilms, lichens, and fungal colonies that had developed on the marble surfaces and cement mortar of these crypts were analyzed by conventional microbiological techniques and by scanning electron microscopy. The lichens were identified as Caloplaca austrocitrina, Lecanora albescens, Xanthoparmelia farinosa and Xanthoria candelaria, the fungi as Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp., Candida sp. and Rhodotorula sp., and the bacteria as Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. The mechanisms by which these microorganisms cause the aesthetic and biochemical deterioration of the crypts are discussed.  相似文献   

The impact of funding on research collaboration: Evidence from a developing country     

Diego Ubfal  Alessandro Maffioli 《Research Policy》2011,40(9):1269-1279

In this paper we evaluate the impact of research grants on the amount of collaboration among scientific researchers in Argentina. We find a positive and significant impact of funding on collaboration which is measured in terms of the number of co-authors for publications in peer-reviewed journals. Our identification strategy is based on comparing collaboration indicators for researchers with financially supported projects with those of a control group of researchers who submitted projects that were accepted in terms of quality, but not supported because of shortage of funds. We obtain consistent results by using different non-experimental techniques including difference-in-differences models combined with propensity score matching algorithms.  相似文献