State-of-the-art in biomedical literature retrieval for clinical cases: a survey of the TREC 2014 CDS track     

Kirk Roberts  Matthew Simpson  Dina Demner-Fushman  Ellen Voorhees  William Hersh 《Information Retrieval》2016,19(1-2):113-148

Providing access to relevant biomedical literature in a clinical setting has the potential to bridge a critical gap in evidence-based medicine. Here, our goal is specifically to provide relevant articles to clinicians to improve their decision-making in diagnosing, treating, and testing patients. To this end, the TREC 2014 Clinical Decision Support Track evaluated a system’s ability to retrieve relevant articles in one of three categories (Diagnosis, Treatment, Test) using an idealized form of a patient medical record. Over 100 submissions from over 25 participants were evaluated on 30 topics, resulting in over 37k relevance judgments. In this article, we provide an overview of the task, a survey of the information retrieval methods employed by the participants, an analysis of the results, and a discussion on the future directions for this challenging yet important task.  相似文献   

Intuitive rules in science and mathematics: the case of ‘more of A ‐‐ more of B’     

Ruth Stavy  Dina Tirosh 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(6):653-667

In the last twenty years researchers have studied students’ mathematical and scientific conceptions and reasoning. Most of this research is content‐specific. It has been found that students often hold ideas that are not in line with accepted scientific notions. In our joint work in mathematics and science education it became apparent that many of these alternative conceptions hail from the same intuitive rules. We have so far identified two such rules: ‘The more of A, the more of B’ and, ‘Everything can be divided by two’. The first rule is reflected in students’ responses to many tasks, including all classical Piagetian conservation tasks (conservation of number, area, weight, volume, matter, etc.), in all tasks related to intensive quantities (density, temperature, concentration, etc.), and in tasks related to infinite quantities. The second rule is observed in responses related to successive division of material and geometrical objects, and in successive dilution tasks. In this paper we describe and discuss the first rule and its relevance to science and mathematics education. In a second paper (Tirosh and Stavy, in press) we shall describe and discuss the second rule.  相似文献   

Mathematically based and practically based explanations in the elementary school: teachers’ preferences     

Esther Levenson  Pessia Tsamir  Dina Tirosh 《Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education》2010,13(4):345-369

This article focuses on elementary school teachers’ preferences for mathematically based (MB) and practically based (PB) explanations. Using the context of even and odd numbers, it explores the types of explanations teachers generate on their own as well as the types of explanations they prefer after reviewing various explanations. It also investigates the basis for these preferences. Results show that teacher-generated explanations include more MB explanations than PB explanations. However, many still choose to use mostly PB explanations in their classrooms, believing that these explanations will be most convincing to their students. The implications for teacher education are discussed.  相似文献   

THE EFFECT OF INTERVENTION ON ACCURACY OF STUDENTS’ RESPONSES AND REACTION TIMES TO GEOMETRY PROBLEMS     

Reuven Babai  Hanna Zilber  Ruth Stavy  Dina Tirosh 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2010,8(1):185-201

This study investigates the effect on student performance in drawing their attention to relevant task variables, focusing on accuracy of responses and reaction times. We chose this methodology in order to better understand how such interventions affect the reasoning process. The study employs a geometry task in which the irrelevant salient variable (area) interferes with the reasoning process related to perimeter comparison. We compared eighth graders’ performances in a pretest and a posttest, with or without intervention. The posttest results showed that raising students’ awareness of the relevant task variable activates effortful and time-consuming control mechanisms which help them overcome the interference of the irrelevant variable. The paper discusses the educational importance of helping students to attend selectively to relevant information in order to overcome interference, thus promoting logical reasoning.  相似文献   

A small-scale concept-based laboratory component: the best of both worlds   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Halme DG  Khodor J  Mitchell R  Walker GC 《CBE life sciences education》2006,5(1):41-51

In this article, we describe an exploratory study of a small-scale, concept-driven, voluntary laboratory component of Introductory Biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. We wished to investigate whether students' attitudes toward biology and their understanding of basic biological principles would improve through concept-based learning in a laboratory environment. With these goals in mind, and using our Biology Concept Framework as a guide, we designed laboratory exercises to connect topics from the lecture portion of the course and highlight key concepts. We also strove to make abstract concepts tangible, encourage learning in nonlecture format, expose the students to scientific method in action, and convey the excitement of performing experiments. Our initial small-scale assessments indicate participation in the laboratory component, which featured both hands-on and minds-on components, improved student learning and retention of basic biological concepts. Further investigation will focus on improving the balance between the minds-on concept-based learning and the hands-on experimental component of the laboratory.  相似文献   

Effects of a professional development program on classroom practices and outcomes for Latino dual language learners     

Virginia Buysse  Dina C. Castro  Ellen Peisner-Feinberg 《Early childhood research quarterly》2010

A randomized, controlled study was conducted to assess the effects of the Nuestros Niños professional development program on classroom practices and child outcomes related to language development and early literacy skills in both English and Spanish. Fifty-five teachers and 193 Latino dual language learners (DLLs) enrolled in the North Carolina More at Four Pre-Kindergarten Program participated in the study. The content of the professional development program consisted of research-based instructional practices designed to complement the core curriculum and scaffold learning for DLLs, and the format included professional development institutes, individualized consultation, and community of practice meetings. The results showed that the intervention led to measurable improvements in both the overall quality of teachers’ language and literacy practices as well as those specific to working with Latino DLLs, and greater gains in children's phonological awareness skills in their primary language.  相似文献   

Using Small-Scale Randomized Controlled Trials to Evaluate the Efficacy of New Curricular Materials     

Dina Drits-Esser  Kristin M. Bass  Louisa A. Stark 《CBE life sciences education》2014,13(4):593-601

How can researchers in K–12 contexts stay true to the principles of rigorous evaluation designs within the constraints of classroom settings and limited funding? This paper explores this question by presenting a small-scale randomized controlled trial (RCT) designed to test the efficacy of curricular supplemental materials on epigenetics. The researchers asked whether the curricular materials improved students’ understanding of the content more than an alternative set of activities. The field test was conducted in a diverse public high school setting with 145 students who were randomly assigned to a treatment or comparison condition. Findings indicate that students in the treatment condition scored significantly higher on the posttest than did students in the comparison group (effect size: Cohen''s d = 0.40). The paper discusses the strengths and limitations of the RCT, the contextual factors that influenced its enactment, and recommendations for others wishing to conduct small-scale rigorous evaluations in educational settings. Our intention is for this paper to serve as a case study for university science faculty members who wish to employ scientifically rigorous evaluations in K–12 settings while limiting the scope and budget of their work.  相似文献   

Electronic Learning Delivery Systems: A Selection Model     

Peter J. Pallesen  Paul Haley  Edward S. Jones  Bobbie Moore  Dina E. Widlake  Karen L. Medsker 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》1999,12(4):7-32

Electronic learning delivery systems discussed include satellite networks, teleconferencing, Internet/Intranet networks, desktop multimedia, electronic performance support systems (EPSS), transportable audio/video (i.e., systems relying primarily on physically transportable audio-and videotaped materials), and the electronically enhanced classroom. Selecting one of these systems can be a daunting task when all relevant issues are considered. The selection model described in this article narrows the choices to the system most likely to be instructionally, economically, and technologically appropriate. After establishing working definitions, the model suggests four stages of user activity: 1) Assessing several important overall factors, including outcomes and conditions of learning, economics, synchronicity and location, and organizational culture; 2) Rating the importance of several learning system attributes to the training project; 3) Selecting the system that most ideally supports the attributes which the user has rated as important; and finally, 4) Validating the selection by reviewing the final choice in light of first stage overall factors.  相似文献   

Cross-and same-race friendships of Vietnamese immigrant adolescents: A focus on acculturation and school diversity     

Wing Yi Chan  Dina Birman 《Int J Intercult Relat》2009,33(4):313-324

The purpose of this study was to examine friendship developments of 153 Vietnamese immigrant adolescents who resided in an East Coast metropolitan area of the United States. We examined the influences of school diversity and acculturation on the quantity and quality of cross-and same-race friendships. Surprisingly, students who came from schools that are more diverse reported fewer cross-race friendships and lower levels of social support from their cross-race friends. American acculturation predicted greater levels of social support from cross-race friends. For same-race friendships, students who went to schools with higher percentage of Asian students reported more same-race friendships; however, percentage of Asian students was not a significant predictor of social support from same-race friends. Students who reported greater levels of Vietnamese acculturation reported greater levels of social support from their same-race friends. This study has implications for understanding the impact of school diversity and acculturation on friendship development of Vietnamese immigrants. Also, suggestions on how to better conceptualize and measure diversity are discussed.  相似文献   

Multimodal biomedical image indexing and retrieval using descriptive text and global feature mapping     

Matthew S. Simpson  Dina Demner-Fushman  Sameer K. Antani  George R. Thoma 《Information Retrieval》2014,17(3):229-264

The images found within biomedical articles are sources of essential information useful for a variety of tasks. Due to the rapid growth of biomedical knowledge, image retrieval systems are increasingly becoming necessary tools for quickly accessing the most relevant images from the literature for a given information need. Unfortunately, article text can be a poor substitute for image content, limiting the effectiveness of existing text-based retrieval methods. Additionally, the use of visual similarity by content-based retrieval methods as the sole indicator of image relevance is problematic since the importance of an image can depend on its context rather than its appearance. For biomedical image retrieval, multimodal approaches are often desirable. We describe in this work a practical multimodal solution for indexing and retrieving the images contained in biomedical articles. Recognizing the importance of text in determining image relevance, our method combines a predominately text-based image representation with a limited amount of visual information, in the form of quantized content-based visual features, through a process called global feature mapping. The resulting multimodal image surrogates are easily indexed and searched using existing text-based retrieval systems. Our experimental results demonstrate that our multimodal strategy significantly improves upon the retrieval accuracy of existing approaches. In addition, unlike many retrieval methods that utilize content-based visual features, the response time of our approach is negligible, making it suitable for use with large collections.  相似文献