Higher education policy change and the hysteresis effect: Bourdieusian analysis of transformation at the site of a post-apartheid university     

Wayne Peter Dirk  Derik Gelderblom 《Higher Education》2017,74(2):341-355

In this article we focus on constraints to post-apartheid transformation in the higher education sector of South Africa via a case study of an attempt to introduce a new curriculum for the Bachelor of Education. Thirty-one semi-structured interviews were the main data-gathering method. We use Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of field, capital, habitus and hysteresis to explain why transformation proved difficult in this case. We analyse the higher education field that gave rise to this curriculum with a brief historical overview of the position of Afrikaners as the dominated part of the dominant white group in the early years of the twentieth century. Their lack of cultural, economic and intellectual capital gave rise to a position-taking that placed Afrikaans language universities in general and Faculties of Education in particular into the heteronomous part of the higher education field. At first the curriculum, and their intellectual habitus, was in synch. However, it started to drift apart because of a number of economic and political changes that made their position at the heteronomous part of the higher education field increasingly untenable. Because of their insulation from the wider higher education field, academics in the Faculty of Education were at first only vaguely aware of the implications of these changes. However, when a dean was appointed in 2000 with a mandate to transform the curriculum for the BEd, they experienced hysteresis, and they were no longer feeling at home in the field. This explains why the new curriculum was consequently substantially subverted.  相似文献   

The "how" and "why" of the ancient Greek long jump with weights: a five-fold symmetric jump in a row?     

Lenoir M  De Clercq D  Laporte W 《Journal of sports sciences》2005,23(10):1033-1043

A plausible explanation for the ancient long jump records from Greek antiquity is sought on the basis of pictorial and written sources, and corroborated with practical tests. Ancient sources report that athletes jumped more than 15 m with weights in their hands, which enabled them to jump further than without these weights. It is proposed that the ancient Greek long jump was a continuous succession of five standing broad jumps, in which the landing phase of one jump was also the countermovement for the next jump. Four trained athletes jumped further with (14.64 +/- 0.76 m, range 13.64-15.63 m) than without weights (13.88 +/- 0.70 m, range 12.60-14.75 m; P = 0.001). These results show that this technique is executable, fits with ancient written and pictorial sources, and allows trained modern athletes to jump distances well over 15 m. The extra distance jumped when using weights may be due to changes in the position of the jumper's centre of mass at take-off and at landing, and an increase in take-off velocity stemming from several biomechanical mechanisms.  相似文献   

Can LEDs help with art conservation? – Impact of different light spectra on paint pigment degradation     

Manuela Lunz  Elise Talgorn  Jannie Baken  Wiebe Wagemans  Dirk Veldman 《文物保护研究》2017,62(5):294-303

The impact of the spectral composition of light on the discoloration of paint pigments has been investigated for the case of lead chromate sulfate, an unstable yellow pigment used by Vincent van Gogh and other painters. With LEDification, museum lighting is moving from using halogen to LED lamps. LED light sources have a significantly different spectral composition than halogen lamps. To understand the impact of these differences on pigment stability, the wavelength dependence of pigment discoloration was determined. Contrary to the expectation that lower wavelength photons induce more damage than higher wavelength ones, UV (394?nm), blue, and cyan light all lead to similar levels of discoloration of a pigment for the same level of radiant power. By understanding this wavelength dependence, it becomes possible to create white light LED lamps with a spectral composition tuned to minimize the degradation effect. An existing LED solution with a modified emission indeed resulted in 30% less color change in the experiment than halogen. Furthermore, a method is proposed to optimize the LED spectra by tuning to the properties of each specific artifact. Simulations show that this can reduce the damage of the light source by 45% in specific cases.  相似文献   

Effects of a multifactorial injury prevention intervention in physical education teachers: A randomized controlled trial     

Sien Vercruysse  Leen Haerens  Evert Verhagen  Lennert Goossens  Dirk De Clercq 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(7):868-876

Physical education (PE) teachers are at a high risk of musculoskeletal sports or work-related injuries because of the physical activity as inherent part of their profession. Such injuries have a negative impact on work and leisure time activities, and effective injury prevention interventions are needed. The present study aimed at testing the effectiveness of an injury prevention intervention that was developed and optimized according to PE teachers' wishes and values. Fifty-five PE teachers were randomly assigned to intervention or control group. Intervention group teachers engaged in two days of training during which they familiarized with eight injury prevention strategies (seven intrinsic and one extrinsic). A special feature of the intervention was that the way of delivery was based on the self-determination theory in order to stimulate participants' motivation to adhere to the proposed strategies. Prospective registrations during one school year were conducted concerning injuries and preventive behaviours. Results showed that the intervention group teachers had a lower number of injuries per 1000?h time of exposure (TOE) than the controls (INT: 0.49, CON: 1.14 injuries/1000?h TOE, OR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.06–5.07), and applied a broader variety of strategies including dynamic and static stretching, core stability, balance and strength training, when compared to the controls who mainly engaged in warming-up. In conclusion, with the same amount of time, an injury reduction was found in PE teachers through a more balanced use of provided preventive strategies.  相似文献   

Development and Application of a Category System to Describe Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Activities in the Process of Scientific Modelling     

Krell  Moritz  Walzer  Christine  Hergert  Susann  Krüger  Dirk 《Research in Science Education》2019,49(5):1319-1345

Research in Science Education - As part of their professional competencies, science teachers need an elaborate meta-modelling knowledge as well as modelling skills in order to guide and monitor...  相似文献   

Overcoming cross-cultural group work tensions: mixed student perspectives on the role of social relationships     

Jenna Mittelmeier  Bart Rienties  Dirk Tempelaar  Denise Whitelock 《Higher Education》2018,75(1):149-166

As universities worldwide rapidly internationalise, higher education classrooms have become unique spaces for collaboration between students from different countries. One common way to encourage collaboration between diverse peers is through group work. However, previous research has highlighted that cross-cultural group work can be challenging and has hinted at potential social tensions. To understand this notion better, we have used robust quantitative tools in this study to select 20 participants from a larger classroom of 860 students to take part in an in-depth qualitative interview about cross-cultural group work experiences. Participant views on social tensions in cross-cultural group work were elicited using a unique mediating artefact method to encourage reflection and in-depth discussion. In our analysis of emergent interview themes, we compared student perspectives on the role of social relationships in group work by their academic performance level. Our findings indicated that all students interviewed desired the opportunity to form social relationships with their group work members, but their motivations for doing so varied widely by academic performance level.  相似文献   

Qualit?tsziele und Testaufgaben im Internet     

Dirk Meyerhoff  Michael Timpe und Dirk Huberty 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2000,15(3):133-139

Zusammenfassung. In diesem Artikel werden die für Internet-Anwendungen relevanten Qualit?tsziele und die sich daraus ergebenen Qualit?tssicherungs- (QS-) und Testaufgaben dargestellt. Zun?chst werden die besonderen Architekturmerkmale von Internet-Anwendungen, sofern sie Einflu?auf die QS haben, erl?utert. Auf der Basis eines in der Praxis bew?hrten generellen Vorgehens für die Qualit?tssicherung und den Test bei der Software-Anwendungsentwicklung werden dann spezielle Vorgehensweisen für die QS und den Test von Internet-Anwendungen eingeführt. Erkenntnisse aus der Praxis zum Thema Testwerkzeuge, Testautomatisierung und Testorganisation runden den Beitrag ab. Eingegangen am 14. Dezember 1999 / Angenommen am 31. M?rz 2000  相似文献   

Heterogeneity of patenting activity and its implications for scientific research   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dirk Czarnitzki  Wolfgang Glänzel  Katrin Hussinger 《Research Policy》2009,38(1):26-34

The increasing commercialization of university discoveries has initiated a controversy on the impact for scientific research. It has been argued that an increasing orientation towards commercialization may have a negative impact on more fundamental research efforts in science. Several scholars have therefore analyzed the relationship between publication and patenting activity of university researchers, and most articles report positive correlations between patenting and publishing activities of scientists. However, previous studies do not account for heterogeneity of patenting activities. This paper explores the incidence of patenting and publishing of scientists distinguishing between corporate patents and patents assigned to non-profit organizations for a large sample of professors active in Germany. While patents assigned to non-profit organizations (incl. individual ownership of the professors themselves) complement publication quantity and quality, patents assigned to corporations are negatively related to quantity and quality of publication output.  相似文献   

Running speed-induced changes in foot contact pattern influence impact loading rate     

Bastiaan Breine  Philippe Malcolm  Samuel Galle  Pieter Fiers  Edward C. Frederick  Dirk De Clercq 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(6):774-783

Purpose. We aimed to determine the effect of speed-induced changes in foot contact patterns on the vertical instantaneous loading rate (VILR). We hypothesized that transition runners, i.e. runners that shift towards a mid- (MF) or forefoot contact pattern (FF) when running speed increases, show smaller increases in VILR than non-transition runners, i.e. runners that remain with a rearfoot contact pattern (RF).

Methods. Fifty-two male and female runners ran overground at 3.2, 4.1, 5.1 and 6.2?m?s^?1. Ground reaction forces, lower limb sagittal plane knee and ankle kinematics and plantar pressures were recorded. Multi-level linear regression models were used to assess differences between transition and non-transition runners.

Results. Non-transition runners experienced larger speed-induced increases in VILR (48.6?±?2.6?BW?s^?1 per m?s^?1) than transition runners (–1.4?±?7.6?BW?s^?1 per m?s^?1). Transition runners showed higher VILRs and a more flat foot touch down at the same pre-transition speed than non-transition runners.

Conclusion. When running speed increases, some runners transition towards more anterior foot contact patterns. This reduces or even eliminates the speed-induced increase in VILR. This result is especially the case for those RF runners who already have relatively high VILRs and flat foot positioning at slower running speeds.  相似文献   

Effects of strength training on physical fitness and sport-specific performance in recreational,sub-elite,and elite rowers: A systematic review with meta-analysis     

Dirk Thiele  Olaf Prieske  Helmi Chaabene 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(10):1186-1195

ABSTRACT