Early life stress and behavior problems in early childhood: Investigating the contributions of child temperament and executive functions to resilience     

Donna A. de Maat  Isabel K. Schuurmans  Joran Jongerling  Stephen A. Metcalf  Nicole Lucassen  Ingmar H. A. Franken  Peter Prinzie  Pauline W. Jansen 《Child development》2022,93(1):e1-e16

This preregistered study examined whether child temperament and executive functions moderated the longitudinal association between early life stress (ELS) and behavior problems. In a Dutch population-based cohort (n = 2803), parents reported on multiple stressors (age 0–6 years), child temperament (age 5), and executive functions (age 4), and teachers rated child internalizing and externalizing problems (age 7). Results showed that greater ELS was related to higher levels of internalizing and externalizing problems, with betas reflecting small effects. Lower surgency buffered the positive association of ELS with externalizing problems, while better shifting capacities weakened the positive association between ELS and internalizing problems. Other child characteristics did not act as moderators. Findings underscore the importance of examining multiple protective factors simultaneously.  相似文献   

Early Integration and Other Outcomes for Community College Transfer Students     

Mark M. D’Amico  Sandra L. Dika  Theodore W. Elling  Bob Algozzine  Donna J. Ginn 《Research in higher education》2014,55(4):370-399

The purpose of this study was to explore academic and social integration and other outcomes for community college transfer students. The study used Tinto’s (Leaving college: Rethinking the causes and cures of student attrition, 1993) Longitudinal Model of Institutional Departure and Deil-Amen’s (J Higher Educ, 82:54–91, 2011) concept of “socio-academic integrative moments” to inform the selection and organization of potential predictors. We developed regression models for relationships between demographic and background variables of interest and perceived academic and social integration following the first six weeks at the receiving university. We also included these perceived integration scores in regression models for six outcomes (first and second semester grade point average, first and second semester earned hours ratios, and second and third semester persistence). Academic and previous college background explained the greatest amount of variance in predicting early integration and academic outcomes.  相似文献   

A Study of Homophobia Among HBCU Undergraduate Students Toward Gay and Lesbian Adoption     

Donna Gibson McCrary 《American journal of sexuality education》2014,9(3):257-275

While recent research examines homophobia among social work majors, there is limited research devoted to social work students enrolled in a historically Black college and university (HBCU). Social workers are not immune to possessing homophobic attitudes; therefore, diversity training is important. This research explored whether there were any differences in the attitudes of undergraduate social work students enrolled in a HBCU in the South toward gay and lesbian adoption in relation to the students’ gender, age, religious affiliation, and religious participation. This quantitative study used a nonrandom convenience sample of 94 students using the Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men Scale and the Attitudes Toward Homosexuality Scale. The data were analyzed utilizing one-way and two-way chi-square procedures.  相似文献   

Ties between the lexicon and grammar: cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of bilingual toddlers     

Conboy BT  Thal DJ 《Child development》2006,77(3):712-735

Studies using the English and Spanish MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories demonstrated that the grammatical abilities of 20-30-month-old bilingual children were related more strongly to same-language vocabulary development than to broader lexical-conceptual development or maturation. First, proportions of different word types in each language varied with same-language vocabulary size. Second, individual changes in predicate and closed class word proportion scores were linked to growth in same-language vocabulary but not to total conceptual vocabulary. Third, increases in English utterance length and English and Spanish sentence complexity were related to growth in same-language vocabulary but not to growth in conceptual vocabulary. Increases in Spanish utterance length were linked to growth in both Spanish vocabulary and conceptual vocabulary. Possible mechanisms underlying these patterns are considered.  相似文献   

Impact of the Friendly Schools whole-school intervention on transition to secondary school and adolescent bullying behaviour     

Donna Cross  Therese Shaw  Melanie Epstein  Natasha Pearce  Amy Barnes  Sharyn Burns  Stacey Waters  Leanne Lester  Kevin Runions 《European Journal of Education》2018,53(4):495-513

Peer bullying increases in times of school transition, influenced by changing peer and friendship groups, new schooling environments and greater stress. Covert forms of bullying, including cyberbullying, become more common in secondary school and cause considerable distress and long-term harm. The period of transition to secondary school is therefore a critical window for intervening to manage and prevent bullying. A three-year cluster randomised control trial was conducted to develop, implement and evaluate the Friendly Schools Project intervention which aimed to reduce bullying and aggression among more than 3,000 students who had recently transitioned to secondary school. Intervention schools were provided with individualised training and resources to support students’ transition and reduce bullying using a multi-level comprehensive intervention addressing classroom curriculum, school policies and procedures, the social and physical environment, pastoral care approaches and school-home-community links. Although the observed effect sizes were small, the intervention had a consistently significant positive effect across a range of outcomes, including bullying perpetration, victimisation, depression, anxiety, stress, feelings of loneliness and perceptions of school safety at the end of the students’ first year in secondary school. However, none of these differences were sustained into the students’ second year of secondary school. These findings demonstrate the immediate value of whole-school interventions to reduce bullying behaviour and associated harms among students who have recently transitioned to secondary school, as well as the need to provide strategies that continue to support students as they progress through school, to sustain these effects.  相似文献   

Information Privacy in the Marketspace: Implications for the Commercial Uses of Anonymity on the Web   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Donna L. Hoffman  Thomas P. Novak  Marcos A. Peralta 《The Information Society》1999,15(2):129-139

While there is no question that the commercial development of the World Wide Web is still in its infancy and growing rapidly, this development faces a serious barrier to ultimate commercialization. In this article we develop the argument that the primary barrier to the successful commercial development of the Web is the current lack of consumer trust in this new commercial medium. This lack of trust is engendered primarily by the industry's documented failure to respond satisfactorily to mounting consumer concerns over information privacy in electronic, networked environments. We examine how such concerns are affecting the growth and development of consumer-oriented commercial activity on the World Wide Web and investigate the implications of these concerns for potential industry response. In the short run, the commercial development of the Web depends on giving consumers the opportunity to be anonymous when engaging in information exchanges and online transactions. Ultimately, however, commercial Web providers must come to realize that the Internet dramatically shifts the balance of power between a business and its customers, and therefore, radical new business strategies will be required for long-term success. Because the Web offers unprecedented opportunities for interacting with customers, strategies that take advantage of the medium's unique features are likely to reap important rewards in customer satisfaction, loyalty, and retention. Therefore, in the long run, the most effective way for commercial Web providers to develop profitable exchange relationships with online customers is to gain consumer trust by allowing the balance of power to shift toward more cooperative interactions between firms and their customers.  相似文献   

A Review of Interventions for Preschoolers with Aggressive and Disruptive Behavior     

Donna Bryant  Lila Herndon Vizzard  Michael Willoughby  Janis Kupersmidt 《Early education and development》1999,10(1):47-68

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A partnership to promote teacher preparation for inclusive, urban schools: four voices     

Donna Sobel  Nancy French  Janet Filbin 《Teaching and Teacher Education》1998,14(8):793-806

This article describes a unique partnership between a university and an urban school district. University students complete a one-year internship. Major stakeholders provided evaluation data which are shared in this article. The data from this investigation confirmed our belief in the value of an immersion program in a fully inclusive urban setting. The authors describe extended research efforts as well as make recommendations for future partnership investigations.  相似文献   

Are mobile phone ownership and age of acquisition associated with child adjustment? A 5-year prospective study among low-income Latinx children     

Xiaoran Sun  K. Farish Haydel  Donna Matheson  Manisha Desai  Thomas N. Robinson 《Child development》2023,94(1):303-314

This prospective, longitudinal study examined associations between whether and when children first acquire a mobile phone and their adjustment measures, among low-income Latinx children. Children (N = 263; 55% female; baseline M_age = 9.5) and their parents were assessed annually for 5 years from 2012. Children first acquired a mobile phone at a mean (SD) age of 11.62 (1.41) years. Pre-registered multilevel models tested associations linking phone ownership, phone acquisition age, and the interaction between ownership and acquisition age to levels and changing trends of depressive symptoms, school grades, and reported and objectively assessed sleep. Results showed no statistically significant associations, controlling the False Discovery Rate. Findings suggest an absence of meaningful links from mobile phone ownership and acquisition age to child adjustment.  相似文献