An Activity Analysis of Secretarial Duties as a Basis for an Office Practice Course     

Doris Tyrrell 《Journal of Experimental Education》2013,81(4):323-340

The cognitive processes used by children during problem solving have received considerable attention in recent years. The identification of the processes used by both successful and unsuccessful problem solvers has been hampered by the difficulties involved in making accurate observations of mental processes which may or may not have physical manifestations during problem solving. In addition, problem solvers themselves often are unaware of many of the thought processes they use while attempting to solve problems. The most popularly used methods for studying problem solving processes are not sufficiently reliable or valid. This study explored the potential effectiveness of a new procedure for identifying and studying certain of the cognitive processes used during problem solving. In addition, the procedure was used to categorize the types of conceptual thinking problem solvers employ, to study the use of trial and error behavior, and to investigate problem solvers’ abilities to coordinate multiple bits of information. It appears that the procedure has application for generating hypotheses about cognitive processes problem solvers use.  相似文献   

Review of Single Subject Research Examining the Effectiveness of Interventions for At‐Risk English Learners          下载免费PDF全文

Doris Luft Baker  Catherine Richards‐Tutor  Anthony Sparks  Rebecca Canges 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2018,33(2):64-74

We review published single subject design (SSD) studies that examine the effects of interventions for English learners at‐risk or with learning disabilities. Results of our literature search yielded 10 studies, five in reading, one in reading and behavior, and four in mathematics that met our inclusion criteria. Seven studies targeted Spanish‐speaking English learners, and three studies included students who spoke other languages than English and/or English only students. Two studies in mathematics included native language instruction. Six studies included English learners in second grade and above, and one study included high school students. We were able to calculate effect sizes (Hedges g) for eight of the 10 studies. Findings indicated a significant effect of the intervention for 12 of the 18 dependent variables measured. SSD methodology has the potential to help researchers and practitioners better understand what interventions work for English learners, and under what circumstances.  相似文献   

Consumer Awareness and Willingness to Pay for High-Pressure Processing of Ready-to-Eat Food     

Doris T. Hicks  Lori F. Pivarnik  Ryan McDermott  Nicole Richard  Dallas G. Hoover  Kalmia E. Kniel  Correction added after online publication May : Author's name corrected from Kalima E. Kniel to Kalmia E. Kniel 《Journal of Food Science Education》2009,8(2):32-38

ABSTRACT:  Commercial, nonthermal processing of food, such as high hydrostatic-pressure processing (HPP), has increased. The safety and quality of foods produced by HPP has not been well communicated to the public. An online, nationwide consumer survey was implemented to assess awareness of alternative food processing technologies, consumer food safety attitudes and knowledge, and willingness to pay (WTP) for HPP products. The consumer survey was administered by Zoomerang™, an online survey clearinghouse. The survey was completed by 1204 adults. Frequencies and crosstabs were calculated on Zoomerang and SPSS used for one-way ANOVA and chi-square analyses. The survey assessed knowledge of HPP, attitudes about new food processing techniques, WTP for HPP foods and demographics. Overall, many demographic characteristics reflected U.S. census population. While traditional methods, that is, canning, freezing, and microwaving were all well recognized by over 80% of respondents, only 8% recognized HPP. Trends indicated an increase in age, education, and income reflected greater food safety knowledge. Regardless of demographics, no survey respondent exhibited knowledge mastery (80%). Given an explanation of HPP and its benefits, 39% of respondents indicated they would be WTP an additional cost, with higher income and education having the most impact. Majority of respondents indicated a WTP of $0.25 to $0.50 regardless of the value of the food product. More respondents were WTP slightly more for a more expensive product. New technologies often encounter a stumbling block in consumer acceptance and processing costs. A consumer's WTP, once they were informed, could encourage industry to look favorably on this technology.  相似文献   

Quality curriculum for under‐threes: the impact of structural standards     

Monika Wertfein  Anita Spies‐Kofler  Fabienne Becker‐Stoll 《Early Years: An International Journal of Research and Development》2009,29(1):19-31

The purpose of this study conducted in 36 infant–toddler centres (Kinderkrippen) in the city of Munich in Bavaria/Germany was to explore structural characteristics of early child care and education and their effects on child care quality. Stepwise regressions and variance analysis (Manova) examined the relation between quality of care and structural characteristics such as group size, staff competence and preparation time. A multi‐respondent approach was employed, including self‐report questionnaires of educators (Erzieherinnen) as well as data on local working conditions collected from the directors of the centres. The findings of this study suggest that different sets of variables can be used to predict quality of education for under‐threes. The practitioners' reported quality of education was found to relate to higher competence (with regard to centre programme, documentation, teamwork and staff qualification), better orientation towards the children's needs and better working atmosphere. Furthermore there were multivariate effects of the availability of and networking with external specialists, preparation time, and grouping arrangements within the centre such as changing from a home‐group approach to an open‐group setting. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for research and the basic impact of education in early childhood.  相似文献   

Some Practical Guidelines for Measuring Youth's Race/Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Doris R. Entwislea  Nan Marie Astone 《Child development》1994,65(6):1521-1540

This short paper provides some guidelines to help researchers in child and adolescent development procure the racial/ethnic and socioeconomic information that will best determine how to assign youngsters to ethnic or SES groups. These guidelines are necessarily general. They will need to be adapted thoughtfully by each investigator because, as is generally true, how to define a measure depends intimately on the nature of the research problem. In preparing these guidelines, we have taken into account current practice at the Bureau of the Census, research traditions developed by sociologists who have mainly been concerned with adults, and challenges posed by the changing character of the U.S. population and its family forms. We are extremely grateful to the many social scientists listed below who have contributed so generously to our thinking, but especially to Robert Hauser. Naturally, any errors or opacities that remain are our responsibility.  相似文献   

What can we do?     

Doris Allen  Angela Collins 《Early Childhood Education Journal》1978,6(2):32-33

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Science education for the deaf: Comparison of ideal resource and mainstream settings     

Marcia C. Linn  Doris Hadary  Richard Rosenberg  Robert Haushalter 《科学教学研究杂志》1979,16(4):305-316

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VACATION EMPLOYMENT AND VACATION STUDY     

Dr.  Doris Thoday 《Higher Education Quarterly》1955,9(3):284-293

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Persistent auditory disorders in young dyslexic adults   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Doris J. Johnson Ph.D. 《Annals of dyslexia》1980,30(1):268-276

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Hurdle preflight in springboard diving: a case of diminishing returns     

Miller DI  Zecevic A  Taylor GW 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2002,73(2):134-145

Attempts to increase dive height by introducing a period of flight in the final approach step preceding the hurdle of dives from forward and reverse groups were investigated. One study involved 11 collegiate-level divers experienced in both traditional and hurdle preflight techniques. In a second study, dives executed by 9 national-level women were compared. Dives with a hurdle preflight had shorter final approach steps and greater hurdle flight durations. Flight time differences in favor of hurdle preflight techniques diminished from final approach step through hurdle flight to dive flight. Although the collegiate-level divers had longer dive flight times when using a hurdle preflight, it was suggested that the costs of these techniques may outweigh their potential benefits.  相似文献