Acrylic emulsion paint films: The effect of solution pH,conductivity, and ionic strength on film swelling and surfactant removal     

Courtney E. Dillon  Richard C. Wolbers 《文物保护研究》2014,59(1):52-62

To date, a limited number of aqueous conditions have been tested experimentally as potential cleaning reagents on modern acrylic paint films. Those assessed have tended to extract measurable quantities of paint film components and distort the paint films physically. In this paper the results of a series of experiments designed to examine pH, conductivity, and specific ion effects of potential aqueous cleaning solutions on a series of commercial acrylic paints are reported. A three-dimensional microscopic technique was used to characterize the physical (volume and surface roughness) changes and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to characterize the chemical (extracted surfactant) changes following paint film exposure to the aqueous solution. The tested paint films in this study clearly exhibit an isotonic point below which swelling and extraction is significant, and above which the swelling and extraction is diminished. Manipulation of conductivity and the ionic species in solution can reduce both the physical film changes and surfactant extraction from acrylic paint films; while pH appears to be of limited use in controlling aqueous cleaning effects. Moreover, there seems to be a specific ion effect for both swelling and de-swelling in acrylic paint films that can be rationalized through the Hofmeister Series.  相似文献   

An Experimental Test of Medical Disclosure and Consent Documentation: Assessing Patient Comprehension,Self-Efficacy,and Uncertainty     

Erin E. Donovan  Brittani Crook  Laura E. Brown  Angie E. Pastorek  Camille A. Hall  Michael S. Mackert 《Communication monographs》2014,81(2):239-260

Effectively conveying risks and hazards in medical disclosure and informed consent documentation is a crucial type of communication. However, existing protocols typically do not meet the needs of patients or practitioners. In the present study, we advance a reconceptualization of obtaining written informed consent by analyzing it as a process of uncertainty management rather than a matter of document readability and recall. Results of this randomized trial indicated that patients who reviewed a simplified consent document reported greater comprehension of medico-legal terminology and lower uncertainty about the document, although they did not evince greater self-efficacy. Health literacy was a significant moderator of the relationship between consent form version and comprehension.  相似文献   

Motivational and Cognitive Contributions to Students' Amount of Reading     

Cox KE  Guthrie JT 《Contemporary educational psychology》2001,26(1):116-131

The amount that students read for enjoyment and for school is a major contributor to students' reading achievement and knowledge of the world. Consequently, it is important to identify the factors that predict amount of reading. A literature review revealed that motivation, strategy-use, and past reading achievement all may be expected to predict reading amount. To examine these variables, a total of 251 students in Grades 3 and 5 was administered questionnaires of these constructs and a reading test. Results showed that amount of reading for enjoyment was predicted most highly by motivation, when all other variables were controlled statistically in multiple-regression analyses. In contrast, amount of reading for school was predicted most highly by strategy use, when all other variables were controlled. However, these predictions were different for students in Grades 3 and 5. Findings of the study indicate that amount of reading is multiply determined by cognitive and motivational constructs, which is consistent with an engagement perspective on reading development. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.  相似文献   

Making decisions about special education placement: do low-income parents have the information they need?     

E A Brantlinger 《Journal of learning disabilities》1987,20(2):94-101

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The problems of the evolution of theoretical positions in the disciplines of the documental-information cycle (a review)     

E. A. Pleshkevich 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2009,36(4):187-197

This paper considers the problems of the creation and development of the documental-information theory for the cycle of disciplines that have a documental character (with the code 05.25.00), formulates the main scientific principles, general concepts, and reveals the main methodological problems in constructing an integrated theoretical space.  相似文献   

Editorial: Correction,farewell and welcome     

Margaret E. Holt 《Innovative Higher Education》1990,14(2):79-81

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The challenge of the acquisition of the Bettmann Archive by Corbis     

D. C. Greetham  Helena E. Wright  Charles W. Brownson  Stephen Toth  Michael Black  et al. 《Archives and Museum Informatics》1995,9(3):261-261

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DNA-Computing – ein funktionales Modell im laborpraktischen Experiment     

E. Stoschek  M. Sturm und T. Hinze 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2001,16(1):35-52

Zusammenfassung.   Im Zentrum der Betrachtungen zum DNA-Computing steht die Frage nach den Chancen und Grenzen dieses neuen Berechnungsmodells, nachdem in den letzten Jahren eine rasante Entwicklung auf das Thema aufmerksam machte. Neben beachtlichen theoretischen Untersuchungen zum “Rechnen im Reagenzglas” werden auch laborpraktische Implementierungen favorisiert. An der TU Dresden wurde in interdisziplin?rer Arbeit ein Integer-Rucksackproblem mittels eines DNA-Algorithmus im Labor gel?st und dabei eine Vielzahl molekularbiologischer Operationen analysiert. Mit Hilfe dieses Satzes von Operationen gelang eine universelle und labornahe Modellierung des DNA-Computing. Hierbei angewandte Techniken und Methoden werden vorgestellt und bewertet. Die Beschreibung des DNA-Algorithmus zeigt, wie sich Einzeloperationen vorteilhaft zu Operationsfolgen zusammensetzen lassen und gemeinsam mit einer geeigneten DNA-Kodierung der Eingangsdaten zur L?sung des Problems im Labor führen. Erstmalig wurden hierbei natürliche Zahlen verarbeitet. Die Arbeitsgemeinschaft DNA-Computing Dresden konzentriert sich auf Aufgabenstellungen, die formale Modelle des DNA-Computing mit überzeugenden Laborimplementierungen verbinden. Eingegangen am 14. Februar 2000 / Angenommen am 26. Oktober 2000  相似文献   

普通高校应重视终身体育教育     

王霞 《体育成人教育学刊》2003,19(4):60-61

在普通高校体育教学中进行终身体育教育，必须转变思想观念，积极的推进普通高校体育教学改革，培养学生终身体育锻炼习惯，使其掌握锻炼的途径和方法，创造终身体育的良好氛围，以达到实现终身体育的目的。  相似文献   

Standards policy for information infrastructure: B. KAHIN and J. ABBATE (Eds). MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. (1995). xiv+653 pp., $35.00, ISBN 0-262-61117-1     

William E. Moen 《Information processing & management》1996,32(6):770-771

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