真理和容忍在美国（节选）     

Edward  M.Kennedy 《今天．双语时代》2010,(4):89-92

美国没有王室,但肯尼迪家族却是这个国家的贵族;美国人不迷信．可发生在肯尼迪家族身上的恶咒却让举国惊骇。《纽约时报》说：“爱德华．肯尼迪是肯尼迪家族里最后一位可以影响美国政治的成员。他个人即是荣耀、理想主义政治和奉献的化身。”1983年,爱德华·肯尼迪在Liberty Baptist College发表Truth and Tolerancein America演讲。演讲严谨不失幽默．是模仿语音、练习演讲的优秀范本。  相似文献   

Three frames for innovation policy: R&D,systems of innovation and transformative change   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Johan Schot  W. Edward Steinmueller 《Research Policy》2018,47(9):1554-1567

Science, technology and innovation (STI) policy is shaped by persistent framings that arise from historical context. Two established frames are identified as co-existing and dominant in contemporary innovation policy discussions. The first frame is identified as beginning with a Post-World War II institutionalisation of government support for science and R&D with the presumption that this would contribute to growth and address market failure in private provision of new knowledge. The second frame emerged in the 1980s globalising world and its emphasis on competitiveness which is shaped by the national systems of innovation for knowledge creation and commercialisation. STI policy focuses on building links, clusters and networks, and on stimulating learning between elements in the systems, and enabling entrepreneurship. A third frame linked to contemporary social and environmental challenges such as the Sustainable Development Goals and calling for transformative change is identified and distinguished from the two earlier frames. Transformation refers to socio-technical system change as conceptualised in the sustainability transitions literature. The nature of this third framing is examined with the aim of identifying its key features and its potential for provoking a re-examination of the earlier two frames. One key feature is its focus on experimentation, and the argument that the Global South does not need to play catch-up to follow the transformation model of the Global North. It is argued that all three frames are relevant for policymaking, but exploring options for transformative innovation policy should be a priority.  相似文献   

Competing Activation During Fantasy Text Comprehension     

Sarah D. Creer  Anne E. Cook  Edward J. O’Brien 《Scientific Studies of Reading》2018,22(4):308-320

During comprehension, readers’ general world knowledge and contextual information compete for influence during integration and validation. Fantasy narratives, in which general world knowledge often conflicts with fantastical events, provide a setting to examine this competition. Experiment 1 showed that with sufficient elaboration, contextual information can dominate the integration and validation of fantastical information. In Experiments 2a and 2b, contextual support was diminished and general world knowledge dominated integration and validation and disrupted fantasy comprehension. Experiment 3 demonstrated that skilled readers make better use of contextual elaborations during integration and validation than less skilled readers, leading to different consequences for comprehension.  相似文献   

CT demonstration of caput medusae     

Edward C. Weber  Joel A. Vilensky 《Anatomical sciences education》2009,2(4):184-185

Maximum intensity and volume rendered CT displays of caput medusae are provided to demonstrate both the anatomy and physiology of this portosystemic shunt associated with portal hypertension. Anat Sci Educ 2:184–185, 2009. © 2009 American Association of Anatomists.  相似文献   

Plagiarism     

Edward M. Winter 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(2)

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Randomized controlled trial of effectiveness of pedometers on general practitioners' attitudes to engagement in and promotion of physical activity     

Ina James  Andy Smith  Teena Smith  Edward Kirby  Philippa Press  Patrick Doherty 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):753-758

Abstract

Pedometers have been identified as a tool for health professionals to promote physical activity. This study, which aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of wearing a pedometer on general practitioners' attitudes to promoting physical activity, was a pragmatic, multi-centred, randomized controlled trial within a primary care trust in England. The participants were 102 general practitioners (GPs). Eighty-five (48 males, 37 females) of the GPs completed pre and post questionnaires, 43 of whom were in the intervention group. Statistical analysis revealed no significant changes between the control and intervention groups for attitude to engage in physical activity (t ₈₃ = 1.13, CI ?0.362 to 0.099) or attitude to promote physical activity in their patients (t ₈₃ = 1.7, CI ?0.593 to 0.045). A higher volume of walking was significantly correlated with a more positive attitude to engage in physical activity (r = 0.58, P < 0.01) but not with a more positive attitude to promoting physical activity. Wearing a pedometer had no significant effect on GPs' attitudes to engaging in physical activity or promoting physical activity in their patients.  相似文献   

Metrics of meaningfulness as opposed to sleights of significance     

Edward M. Winter  Grant A. Abt  Alan M. Nevill 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(10):901-902

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Pedagogical Content Knowledge: Response to Housner     

Edward Walkwitz  Amelia Lee 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):447-448

Abstract

An experimental design was employed to assess the effectiveness of a relapse prevention program, a reinforcement program, and an exercise-only control group in increasing exercise program adherence and short-term maintenance in 120 previously sedentary female university employees. The subjects participated in an 18-week exercise program composed of stretching, calisthenics, and aerobic dance. Attendance during the first half of the program was significantly higher for subjects in the relapse prevention group than for those in the control group. A nonsignificant trend in this direction emerged during the second half of the program and at 2-month follow-up. For all treatment groups, attrition (attendance at less than two thirds of the exercise sessions) was substantial, averaging 72% at the end of the 18-week program. These findings indicate that relapse prevention and reinforcement programs may not assist previously sedentary females in long-term adherence to an exercise program.  相似文献   

The Effects of Static Stretching and Warm-Up on Prevention of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness     

David M. High  Edward T. Howley  B. Don Franks 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):357-361

Abstract

It has been suggested in the lay literature that static stretching and/or warm-up will prevent the occurrence of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS). The primary purpose of this study was to determine the effects of static stretching and!or warm-up on the level of pain associated with DOMS. Sixty-two healthy male and female volunteers were randomly assigned to four groups: (a) subjects who statically stretched the quadriceps muscle group before a step, (b) subjects who only performed a stepping warm-up, (c) subjects who both stretched and performed a stepping warm-up prior to a step test, and (d) subjects who only performed a step test. The step test (Asmussen, 1956) required subjects to do concentric work with their right leg and eccentric work with their left leg to voluntary exhaustion. Subjects rated their muscle soreness on a ratio scale from zero to six at 24-hour intervals for 5 days following the step test. A 4×2×2 ANOVA with repeated measures on legs and Duncan's New Multiple Range post-hoc test found no difference in peak muscle soreness among the groups doing the step test or for gender (p > .05). There was the expected significant difference in peak muscle soreness between eccentrically and concentrically worked legs, with the eccentrically worked leg experiencing greater muscle soreness. We concluded that static stretching and!or warm-up does not prevent DOMS resulting from exhaustive exercise.  相似文献   

A Perceptual-Motor Development Program's Effect on Visual Perception and Reading Readiness of First-Grade Children     

Edward D. Lipton 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):402-405

Abstract

It was the purpose of this investigation to conduct a program in perceptual-motor development and to determine changes in, and assess relationships between, changes in perceptual-motor development on visual perception and reading readiness of first-grade children. Four classes were equated on the variables age, height, sex, and weight. Two of the classes (experimental) were exposed to the perceptual-motor program for 12 weeks and the other two classes (control) took part in the conventional physical education program. All students participated in their regular classroom activities. All subjects were evaluated in perceptual-motor development, visual perception, and reading readiness prior to and immediately following the research program. The difference scores (pre- and post-test) were evaluated by two-way ANOVA to determine if there were any significant differences between groups. F ratios for the three variables tested were all significant beyond the .01 level in support of the perceptual-motor program.  相似文献