The extended Theory of Planned Behaviour and college grades: the role of cognition and past behaviour in the prediction of students’ academic intentions and achievements     

Velibor Bobo Kovac  David Lansing Cameron  Rune Høigaard 《教育心理学》2016,36(4):792-811

Understanding the underlying processes influencing college students’ academic achievement represents an important goal of educational research. The aim of the present study was to examine the utility of the extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and the relative influence of cognitive processes and measures of past behaviour in the prediction of grade intentions and actual grades in the context of higher education. Our results show that perceived behavioural control (PBC), subjective norms (SN) and past grades emerged as significant predictors and were able to explain 41% of the variance in grade intentions, while the influence of cognitive processes (planning and future orientation) was not significant. With respect to the prediction of actual grades, we found that habitual school attendance and past grades explained 26% of the variance in actual grades. Again, the influence of cognitive processes (planning and future orientation) was not significant. The main discussion is centred on the utility of the extended TPB in the prediction of academic achievement and the complex relationship between cognitive processes and past behaviour in predicting human actions in general. Limitations and implications of the study are also discussed.  相似文献   

Counselling the ‘worried well’ in HIV disease     

Robert Bor  Riva Miller  Eleanor Goldman 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1993,16(1):47-55

HIV infection may have a psychological impact not only on those who live with the disease, but also on people who may worry that they have been infected. Counselling people who are worried about infection, but who are HIV negative is an important, yet challenging, dimension of HIV care. It forces counsellors to address how they deal with resistant patients and those who, in some cases, present serious psychological disturbances. This paper discusses the presentation and management of the worried well in HIV disease.  相似文献   

A minimax principle for educational research     

Cameron Fincher 《Research in higher education》1974,2(2):99-107

Educational research has lost considerable prestige in recent years. The optimism of the 1960's has not been fulfilled and educational research has been relegated to a defensive position. If the findings of educational research are to be more intuitively appealing, readily understood, and widely accepted, educational researchers should give better attention to the reduction of needless methodological complexity and to the improvement of conceptual clarity. To focus attention on this necessity, a minimax principle is suggested in which the educational researcher should seek to minimize the maximum methodological complexity that is necessary to produce a satisfactory degree of conceptual clarity  相似文献   

Translating Laboratory Evidence into Classroom Practice with Teacher‐Led Randomized Controlled Trials—A Perspective and Meta‐Analysis     

Richard Churches  Eleanor J. Dommett  Ian M. Devonshire  Robin Hall  Steve Higgins  Astrid Korin 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2020,14(3):292-302

We initiated and structured a single program that supervised teachers, some with neuroscience or psychology degrees, to collaborate and explore the effects of science of learning‐translated pedagogy. This article reports on the 34 findings from teacher‐led randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and replications. Teachers designed trials, looking at areas such as attention, memory, and spaced learning. Overall, positive effects were found over short periods (1–6 weeks; r = 0.15, p < .0001 [d = 0.30], N = 2,157). However, retrieval practice (testing as a learning experience) had differential effects mediated by age, approach, and lesson content. Results suggest science of learning‐translated pedagogy needs extensive replication to establish how best to use laboratory evidence in classrooms. Multiple planned replication of teacher‐led RCTs has potential as an evaluation tool, combining high levels of mundane realism with strong internal validity and the potential to build cost effective large samples for meta‐analysis.  相似文献   

Reclaiming Teacher Agency in a Student-Centred Digital World     

Kay Kimber  Hitendra Pillay  Cameron Richards 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education》2002,30(2):155-167

This article examines the current dilemma faced by many teachers: the drive for a modern day pedagogy advocating student-centred, technology-enabled learning is at odds with teacher comfort zones still nestled in a teacher-talk, print-based classroom. Put another way, the 'techno-reluctance' of many teachers represents a negative reaction to the perception that new technologies represent a threat to their traditional roles and general sense of practical agency in the learning process or classroom. The paper interprets some of the key factors impacting on techno-reluctance as a means of moving beyond such a simplistic view of the connection between digital technologies and changing teacher roles. On this basis, it goes on to discuss the concept of 'technoliteracy' as a means of reclaiming teacher agency in a studentcentred, computer-mediated environment and also reframing teacher attitudes to electronic texts and related literacy practices.  相似文献   

The development of subjective group dynamics: children's judgments of normative and deviant in-group and out-group individuals     

Abrams D  Rutland A  Cameron L 《Child development》2003,74(6):1840-1856

A developmental model of subjective group dynamics suggests that social identity is sustained first by intergroup biases and later by intragroup biases. In this study 476 English children 5 to 11 years old evaluated the English and German soccer teams, and judged in-group or out-group members whose attitudes toward the teams was normative versus antinormative. Children of all ages expressed intergroup bias. Differential evaluation against in-group deviants and in favor of out-group deviants strengthened with age. Understanding of targets' relative acceptability (differential inclusion) among in-group and out-group members mediated the effects of age and intergroup bias on intragroup bias. Identification with the in-group moderated the effects only among older children.  相似文献   

Urban inequality,social exclusion and schooling in Dhaka,Bangladesh     

Stuart James Cameron 《Compare》2017,47(4):580-597

This paper asks whether education is a viable route to better livelihoods and social inclusion for children living in poor urban areas in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It uses qualitative interviews with 36 students aged 11–16, living in slum and middle-class areas, and also draws on data from a larger, mixed-methods study to provide context. Many children from slums are excluded altogether from education, while others are incorporated into the system but on unfavourable terms. The paper identifies three principal ways in which this adverse incorporation can happen: through differential access to different types and quality of school; through obstacles that prevent children from poorer households from progressing through the system and reaching higher levels; and through subordinate power relations in the school, embodied in systems of assessment, labelling of students and discipline. These are likely to limit the potential for education to be a socially transformative institution.  相似文献   

Textbook treatments and students' understanding of acceleration     

Gloria Dall'Alba  Eleanor Walsh  John Bowden  Elaine Martin  Geofferey Masters  Paul Ramsden  Andrew Stephanou 《科学教学研究杂志》1993,30(7):621-635

A single science textbook often provides the syllabus for courses at upper secondary and tertiary levels, and may be used as a principal source of information or explanation. The research reported in this article challenges such practices. The ways in which the concept, acceleration, is treated in physics textbooks is compared with understandings of the concept demonstrated by final-year secondary (Year 12) and first-year university students. Some students' understandings are shown to be incomplete in ways that parallel misleading or inaccurate textbook treatments of the concept. In addition to misleading or inaccurate statements, the limitations of some textbook treatments of acceleration were found to include: lack of attempts to make explicit relationships with other concepts, failure to point out when it is appropriate to use particular definitions or that an alternative definition might be more appropriate in specific situations, inclusion of operational definitions without conceptual explanations, and a focus on quantitative treatments while overlooking the development of qualitative understanding. Two principal aspects that distinguished the ways in which the students understood acceleration were identified: (a) the relation between acceleration and velocity; and (b) the relation between acceleration and force(s). The results of the study have implications for teaching and, in particular, for the use of textbooks in teaching. These implications are discussed in the article.  相似文献   

Title III and the HBI's     

Cameron Fincher 《Research in higher education》1980,13(4):371-375

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ORGANIZATIONAL QUALITY: An Examination of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Framework   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Winn  Bradley A.  Cameron  Kim S. 《Research in higher education》1998,39(5):491-512

One of the major obstacles to empiricalinvestigations of quality in organizations is thedifficulty in defining precisely what quality is. Onedefining framework that is widely accepted in for-profitorganizations is the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award(MBNQA) framework. This study examines the validity ofthe proposed relationships among the MBNQA dimensionsusing data from higher education. The empirical results help identify a modified model that hasimplications for managing quality improvementinitiatives.  相似文献