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E. Gaigher J. M. Rogan M. W. H. Braun 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(9):1089-1110
A study on the effect of a structured problem‐solving strategy on problem‐solving skills and conceptual understanding of physics was undertaken with 189 students in 16 disadvantaged South African schools. This paper focuses on the development of conceptual understanding. New instruments, namely a solutions map and a conceptual index, are introduced to assess conceptual understanding demonstrated in students’ written solutions to examination problems. The process of the development of conceptual understanding is then explored within the framework of Greeno’s model of scientific problem‐solving and reasoning. It was found that students who had been exposed to the structured problem‐solving strategy demonstrated better conceptual understanding of physics and tended to adopt a conceptual approach to problem‐solving. 相似文献
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Marietjie Potgieter Esther Malatje Estelle Gaigher Elsie Venter 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(11):1407-1429
This study investigated the use of performance–confidence relationships to signal the presence of alternative conceptions and inadequate problem‐solving skills in mechanics. A group of 33 students entering physics at a South African university participated in the project. The test instrument consisted of 20 items derived from existing standardised tests from literature, each of which was followed by a self‐reported measure of confidence of students in the correctness of their answers. Data collected for this study included students’ responses to multiple‐choice questions and open‐ended explanations for their chosen answers. Fixed response physics and confidence data were logarithmically transformed according to the Rasch model to linear measures of performance and confidence. The free response explanations were carefully analysed for accuracy of conceptual understanding. Comparison of these results with raw score data and transformed measures of performance and confidence allowed a re‐evaluation of the model developed by Hasan, Bagayoko, and Kelley in 1999 for the detection of alternative conceptions in mechanics. Application of this model to raw score data leads to inaccurate conclusions. However, application of the Hasan hypothesis to transformed measures of performance and confidence resulted in the accurate identification of items plagued by alternative conceptions. This approach also holds promise for the differentiation between over‐confidence due to alternative conceptions or due to inadequate problem‐solving skills. It could become a valuable tool for instructional design in mechanics. 相似文献
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Estelle Kamler 《Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning》2013,21(3):297-316
The graying of the superintendency, a diminished talent pool, and lack of diversity have prompted American educators to develop innovative strategies that encourage, support and prepare school leaders for the superintendency. For instance, in Nassau County, Long Island, New York, the superintendents’ council, in affiliation with the regional school leadership center and a local university, developed an inclusive mentoring network called the Aspiring Superintendents’ Study Group. This collaborative structure was designed to tap promising leaders and promote their interest in becoming superintendents. As the coordinator of this study group I employed various qualitative data collection methods, including observation, open‐ended questionnaires and interviews, to gauge the effectiveness of the program. A detailed account of the participants’ perceptions emphasizes the need for such networks to expand the field of candidates and, in particular, increase access to the superintendency for women and minorities. In addition, the study group design and mentoring insights can be applied to other settings in which there is a desire to establish an alternative mentoring framework. 相似文献
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Higher Education - Inequalities in access to elite higher education institutions are central in the horizontal dimension of social stratification in higher education. Previous studies have... 相似文献
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DNA-damage response network at the crossroads of cell-cycle checkpoints,cellular senescence and apoptosis 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Schmitt E Paquet C Beauchemin M Bertrand R 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2007,8(6):377-397
Tissue homeostasis requires a carefully-orchestrated balance between cell proliferation, cellular senescence and cell death. Cells proliferate through a cell cycle that is tightly regulated by cyclin-dependent kinase activities. Cellular senescence is a safeguard program limiting the proliferative competence of cells in living organisms. Apoptosis eliminates unwanted cells by the coordinated activity of gene products that regulate and effect cell death. The intimate link between the cell cycle, cellular senescence, apoptosis regulation, cancer development and tumor responses to cancer treatment has become eminently apparent. Extensive research on tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, the cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory genes has revealed how the DNA damage-sensing and -signaling pathways, referred to as the DNA-damage response network, are tied to cell proliferation, cell-cycle arrest, cellular senescence and apoptosis. DNA-damage responses are complex, involving ＂sensor＂ proteins that sense the damage, and transmit signals to ＂transducer＂ proteins, which, in turn, convey the signals to numerous ＂effector＂ proteins implicated in specific cellular pathways, including DNA repair mechanisms, cell-cycle checkpoints, cellular senescence and apoptosis. The Bcl-2 family of proteins stands among ＂the mos＂t crucial regula＂tors of apop＂tosis and performs vi＂tal func＂tions in deciding whether a cell will live or die after cancer chemotherapy and irradiation. In addition, several studies have now revealed that members of the Bcl-2 family also interface with the cell cycle, DNA repair/recombination and cellular senescence, effects that are generally distinct from their function in apoptosis. In this review, we report progress in understanding the molecular networks that regulate cell-cycle checkpoints, cellular senescence and apoptosis after DNA damage, and discuss the influence of some Bcl-2 family members on cell-cycle checkpoint regulation. 相似文献
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Christine Panchaud Melissa Stillman Kofi Awusabo-Asare Angélica Motta Estelle Sidze 《Sex education》2019,19(3):277-296
The successful implementation of comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) programmes in schools depends on the development and implementation of strong policy in support of CSE. This paper offers a comparative analysis of the policy environment governing school-based CSE in four low- and middle-income countries at different stages of programme implementation: Ghana, Peru, Kenya and Guatemala. Based on an analysis of current policy and legal frameworks, key informant interviews and recent regional reviews, the analysis focuses on seven policy-related levers that contribute to successful school-based sexuality education programmes. The levers cover policy development trends; current policy and legal frameworks for sexuality education; international commitments affecting CSE policies; the various actors involved in shaping CSE; and the partnerships and coalitions of actors that influence CSE policy. Our analysis shows that all four countries benefit from a policy environment that, if properly leveraged, could lead to a stronger implementation of CSE in schools. However, each faces several key challenges that must be addressed to ensure the health and wellbeing of their young people. Latin American and African countries show notable differences in the development and evolution of their CSE policy environments, providing valuable insights for programme development and implementation. 相似文献
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Estelle Jussim Donald Chase D.J. Wenden Peter Bowen Martin Hayden Frank Riess 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(9):108-109
Estelle Jussim's Visual Communication and the Graphic Arts: Photographic Technologies in the Nineteenth Century (New York: R.R. Bowker, 1974—$25.00) Donald Chase's Filmmaking: The Collaborative Art (Boston: Little, Brown, 1975—$9.95) D.J. Wenden's The Birth of the Movies (New York: Dutton Paperbacks, 1975—$5.95, paper) Peter Bowen, Martin Hayden, and Frank Riess' Screen Test: A Quiz Book About the Movies (Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1974—$2.50, paper) 相似文献
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