The ‘Nature of Science’ and the Perils of Epistemic Relativism     

Romero-Maltrana  Diego  Benitez  Federico  Vera  Francisco  Rivera  Rodrigo 《Research in Science Education》2019,49(6):1735-1757

Research in Science Education - There is an increasing demand in the field of science education for the incorporation of philosophical and sociological aspects that are related to the scientific...  相似文献   

Reading Aloud Narrative Material as a Means for the Student's Cognitive Empowerment     

Marco Bartolucci  Federico Batini 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2020,14(3):235-242

Listening to stories and brain processing of narrative material activates many areas devoted not only to the linguistic processing. In this sense, it could be hypothesized that if this activity would be integrated within the school curricula, it could bring benefits in terms of understanding the text as well as in basic essential cognitive dimensions. In a series of studies with different age groups, we investigated the effects of an intensive training in narrative listening, through different tools such as the standardized tests of understanding of the text. We also used a neuropsychological battery investigating basic cognitive processes (cognitive assessment system) that are directly related to the ability of text comprehension. Results show a significant improvement in all tests for all age groups in the experimental groups, in comparison with the control groups.  相似文献   

Interval timing under a behavioral microscope: Dissociating motivational and timing processes in fixed-interval performance     

Carter W. Daniels  Federico Sanabria 《Learning & behavior》2017,45(1):29-48

The distribution of latencies and interresponse times (IRTs) of rats was compared between two fixed-interval (FI) schedules of food reinforcement (FI 30 s and FI 90 s), and between two levels of food deprivation. Computational modeling revealed that latencies and IRTs were well described by mixture probability distributions embodying two-state Markov chains. Analysis of these models revealed that only a subset of latencies is sensitive to the periodicity of reinforcement, and prefeeding only reduces the size of this subset. The distribution of IRTs suggests that behavior in FI schedules is organized in bouts that lengthen and ramp up in frequency with proximity to reinforcement. Prefeeding slowed down the lengthening of bouts and increased the time between bouts. When concatenated, latency and IRT models adequately reproduced sigmoidal FI response functions. These findings suggest that behavior in FI schedules fluctuates in and out of schedule control; an account of such fluctuation suggests that timing and motivation are dissociable components of FI performance. These mixture-distribution models also provide novel insights on the motivational, associative, and timing processes expressed in FI performance. These processes may be obscured, however, when performance in timing tasks is analyzed in terms of mean response rates.  相似文献   

Social constructs regarding the physical and sexual energy of whites,indigenous South Americans and blacks in Spanish and Colombian primary school reading books between 1900 and 1960*     

Federico Guillermo Serrano-López  Miguel Somoza-Rodríguez 《History of education》2017,46(5):578-594

This article analyses the manner in which the physical and sexual energy of the white, native South American and black populations was represented in reading books for elementary school children in Spain and Colombia between 1900 and 1960. Ninety reading books from representative authors were examined. It was found that the ideal of extraordinary physical vigour attributed to the white male was decisive in justifying Spanish imperialism, the superiority of the male in the patriarchal family and the intervention of authorities in administering people’s bodies. In the case of Spanish texts, the might attributed to the white race was shown as having a motive of pride, whereas in the Colombian case, the mixture with Native Americans and blacks tended to be used as an explanation for the ‘weakness’ of Colombians. Evidence is also found of the way in which education was implicitly conceived as a process of cultural ‘whitening’.  相似文献   

Persistence of innovation and patterns of firm growth     

Dario Guarascio  Federico Tamagni 《Research Policy》2019,48(6):1493-1512

In this work we exploit a long-in-time panel of Spanish manufacturing firms observed during the period 1990–2012 to examine the long-run contribution of innovation persistence to sales growth and market share dynamics. We examine two main research questions. First, do persistent innovators grow more than other firms? Second, do persistent innovators show more persistent growth patterns over time compared to other firms? We find negative answers to both questions: firms that persistently innovate over the first decade, do not grow more and do not display more persistent growth dynamics in the succeeding years, regardless of whether innovation persistence is defined in terms of R&D, patenting activity, or product or process innovation. These findings lend support to luck and random theories of firm growth, in turn challenging innovation persistence theories commonly suggesting that persistent innovators enjoy large and sustained comparative advantages.  相似文献   

Double poling kinematic changes during the course of a long-distance race: effect of performance level     

Chiara Zoppirolli  Lorenzo Bortolan  Federico Schena  Barbara Pellegrini 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(8):863-872

ABSTRACT

We aimed to evaluate the changes in double poling (DP) kinematics due to a long-distance cross-country skiing race in athletes with different performance levels. A total of 100 cross-country skiers, belonging to 10 different performance groups, were filmed on flat terrain 7 and 55 km after the start line, during a 58-km classical race. Cycle velocity, frequency and length decreased from the best to the lower-ranked group, while duty cycle increased (all P <.001). Between track sections, cycle velocity and length decreased, duty cycles increased (all P <.001) while frequency was unaltered (P =.782). Group*section interactions resulted for cycle velocity (P =.005). Considering all the participants together, % change in cycle velocity between sections correlated with % change in length and duty cycle (all P <.001). Thus i) skiers in better groups showed longer and more frequent cycles as well as shorter duty cycles than skiers in slower groups; ii) throughout the race all the groups maintained the same cycle frequency while decreasing cycle velocity and length; iii) better groups showed a lower reduction in cycle velocity. Individually, a low reduction in cycle velocity during the race related to the capacity to maintain long cycles and short duty cycles.  相似文献   

The impact of training-intensive labour market policies on labour and educational prospects of NEETs: evidence from Catalonia (Spain)     

Miquel Àngel Alegre  David Casado  Jordi Sanz  Federico A. Todeschini 《Educational research; a review for teachers and all concerned with progress in education》2015,57(2):151-167

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Classification and Subject Indexing Issues at a Mexican Library Specializing in Law Research     

Filiberto Felipe Martínez-Arellano  Federico Hernández-Pacheco  Efrén Chávez-Hernández 《Cataloging & classification quarterly》2013,51(2-3):91-105

Abstract

Subject indexing and classification of law resources is a complex issue due to several factors: specialized meanings of legal terms, meanings across different branches of law, terms in legal systems from diverse countries, and terms in different languages. These issues led to the development of a classification and subject indexing system which will help answer the major challenges of indexing and classifying law resources in the Research Institute Library at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. Adopting its own classification required interdisciplinary work between law and information organization specialists, constant updating by legal specialists and others beyond the Legal Research Institute; and the sharing of this classification system with other institutions. Now, this classification system is used by important institutions that specialize in law, such as the network of Libraries of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation of Mexico. The purpose of this article is to show why and how this law classification and subject system was developed and is continuously being updated by libarians and law scholars in order for it to meet their specific needs.  相似文献   

Quantification of energy expenditure of recreational football     

Marco Beato  Franco M. Impellizzeri  Giuseppe Coratella  Federico Schena 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(24):2185-2188

ABSTRACT

There is a strong relationship between low physical activity level and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The popularity of football may be used to promote physical activity and previous evidence has shown it is effective to decrease the risk of CVD. However, the energy expenditure (EE) of recreational football is not well known but it is crucial to develop preventive health programmes.

Fifteen sedentary middle-aged male participants were involved (mean ± SDs; age 43.9 ± 3.1 years, weight 83.0 ± 13.6 kg, height 174.9 ± 6.8 cm). EE was estimated from the heart rate (HR)-VO₂ relation during 1-h 5-a-side matches (futsal). Participants covered 3412 ± 381 m in 52 ± 2 min, at an average HR of 85 ± 2% of maximum HR. Estimated EE during a recreational futsal match was 634 ± 92 kcal. One futsal recreational match corresponds to about 50% of American College of Sport Medicine recommended physical activity quantity per week. Based on this estimation: once, twice and 3 sessions per week are equivalent to 50% (634 kcal), 100% (1268 kcal) and 150% (1902 kcal), respectively, of EE suggested in international guidelines. This EE estimation may have important implications for designing recreational football training protocols in health programmes and dose response studies.  相似文献   

Syntactic Cues Help Disambiguate Objects Referred to With Count Nouns: Illustration With Malay Children     

Ming Yean Sia  Julien Mayor 《Child development》2021,92(1):101-114

Children employ multiple cues to identify the referent of a novel word. Novel words are often embedded in sentences and children have been shown to use syntactic cues to differentiate between types of words (adjective vs. nouns) and between types of nouns (count vs. mass nouns). In this study, we show that children learning Malay (N = 67), a numeral classifier language, can use syntactic cues to perform even finer-grained disambiguation–between count nouns. The manipulation of congruence between lexical and syntactic cues reveals a clear developmental trajectory: while 5-year-olds use predominantly lexical cues, older children increasingly rely on syntactic cues, such that by 7 years of age, they disambiguate between objects referred to with count nouns using syntactic rather than lexical cues.  相似文献