对葡萄牙年轻乒乓球运动员训练结构的研究     

Fernando Malheiro 《体育科研》2005,26(3):37-43,58

从乒乓球国际比赛的情况看,近两年来葡萄牙乒乓球运动员人数显著增加,并且技术水平也明显提高.1996年在巴黎举行的欧洲青年乒乓球锦标赛上,葡萄牙运动员在乒乓球运动史上首次拿到了一枚个人项目的铜牌,实现历史性的突破.从这以后,葡萄牙运动员又多次在国际乒乓球赛事上获得奖牌.然而,如果以20世纪90年代或21世纪初期的情况作参照,不难看出,年轻运动员的技术水平要达到具有取得这样成绩的技术水平还相差得很远.因而,本文在深入调查和了解葡萄牙乒乓球联合会各训练中心年轻乒乓球运动员的训练结构基础上,分析这些训练方式方法是否促进这些年轻运动员协调、快速发展,并在成年时代达到最佳运动技术水平.研究方法本文通过对葡萄牙乒乓球联合会3个训练中心2002至2003年赛季的训练工作的记录文件进行整理,采用文献资料法、调查法、统计法、对比分析的方法进行了研究.主要结果研究分析可知,要使这些年轻运动员在成年时代达到顶尖级水平,这些训练量是不够的;教练员在给运动员的训练安排中主要以技术训练、战术训练和身体素质训练为主,并把重点放在了技、战术的结合方面,其结果还表明运动员在心理因素的训练方面极为不足.另外,在技术、战术、身体素质以及心理训练等各子项的具体内容安排方面也与现代乒乓球运动所要求的特点不相符合.  相似文献   

Reference values for the incremental shuttle walk test in patients with cardiovascular disease entering exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation     

Fernando M.F. Cardoso  Meshal Almodhy  Garyfalia Pepera  Dimitrios M. Stasinopoulos 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(1):1-6

The incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) is used to assess functional capacity of patients entering cardiac rehabilitation. Factors such as age and sex account for a proportion of the variance in test performance in healthy individuals but there are no reference values for patients with cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to produce reference values for the ISWT. Participants were n = 548 patients referred to outpatient cardiac rehabilitation who underwent a clinical examination and performed the ISWT. We used regression to identify predictors of performance and produced centile values using the generalised additive model for location, scale and shape model. Men walked significantly further than women (395 ± 165 vs. 269 ± 118 m; t = 9.5, P < 0.001) so data were analysed separately by sex. Age (years) was the strongest predictor of performance in men (β = ?5.9; 95% CI: ?7.1 to ?4.6 m) and women (β = ?4.8; 95% CI: ?6.3 to 3.3). Centile curves demonstrated a broadly linear decrease in expected ISWT values in males (25–85 years) and a more curvilinear trend in females. Patients entering cardiac rehabilitation present with highly heterogeneous ISWT values. Much of the variance in performance can be explained by patients’ age and sex. Comparing absolute values with age-and sex-specific reference values may aid interpretation of ISWT performance during initial patient assessment at entry to cardiac rehabilitation.  相似文献   

The Teaching Alliance in Multicultural Counseling Course Education: A Framework for Examining and Strengthening the Student-Instructor Relationship     

Fernando Estrada 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2015,37(3):233-247

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Effects of repeated bouts of long-duration endurance exercise on muscle and urinary levels of 8-hydroxy-2ʹ-deoxyguanosine in moderately trained cyclists     

Nobuo Yasuda  Celeste Bolin  Fernando Cardozo-Pelaez  Brent C. Ruby 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(16):1692-1701

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Evaluating hierarchical organisation structures for exploring digital libraries     

Mark M. Hall  Samuel Fernando  Paul D. Clough  Aitor Soroa  Eneko Agirre  Mark Stevenson 《Information Retrieval》2014,17(4):351-379

Search boxes providing simple keyword-based search are insufficient when users have complex information needs or are unfamiliar with a collection, for example in large digital libraries. Browsing hierarchies can support these richer interactions, but many collections do not have a suitable hierarchy available. In this paper we present a number of approaches for automatically creating hierarchies and mapping items into them, including a novel technique which automatically adapts a Wikipedia-based taxonomy to the target collection. These approaches are applied to a large collection of cultural heritage items which is formed through the aggregation of other collections and for which no unified hierarchy is available. We investigate a number of novel user-evaluated metrics to quantify the hierarchies’ quality and performance, showing that the proposed technique is preferred by users. From this we draw a number of conclusions as to what makes a hierarchy useful to the user.  相似文献   

Political Participation and Ideological News Online: “Differential Gains” and “Differential Losses” in a Presidential Election Cycle     

Jennifer Brundidge  R. Kelly Garrett  Hernando Rojas  Homero Gil de Zúñiga 《Mass Communication and Society》2014,17(4):464-486

Observations of the contemporary news media environment often revolve around the topics of ideological polarization and blurred boundaries between mass and interpersonal communication. This study explores these topics through a focus on the association between ideologically oriented online news use, commenting on online news, and political participation. We hypothesize that both ideological online news use generally and proattitudinal online news use are positively related to political participation and that online news commenting creates “differential gains” by augmenting these relationships. Yet we also hypothesize that counterattitudinal online news use is negatively related to political participation and that online news commenting creates “differential losses” by exacerbating this relationship. Analyses of two independently collected and nationally representative surveys found that frequent ideological online news use, proattitudinal online news use, and commenting are all positively related to political participation. We found no evidence for differential gains as a result of online commenting but only for differential losses—counterattitudinal online news use interacts with commenting to create a negative relationship with political participation.  相似文献   

School Schedules Affect Sleep Timing in Children and Contribute to Partial Sleep Deprivation     

Tâmile Stella Anacleto  Taísa Adamowicz  Laura Simões da Costa Pinto  Fernando Mazzilli Louzada 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2014,8(4):169-174

Although the environmental light/dark cycle is the main zeitgeber for the human species, the social cues seem to be important in the synchronization of circadian rhythms. In Brazil, the existence of two school schedules—one with only morning classes (MG) and other with only afternoon classes (AG)—allows the investigation of the effect of school activities on light exposure and sleep/wake patterns in children. Forty‐seven children wore wrist actimeters for a week for registration of light and sleep data. MG children presented shorter sleep duration on school days than the children from the AG. The results showed that during school days MG children were exposed to bright light earlier in the morning when compared to AG children. Nevertheless, there were no differences in light exposure after sunset. The results reflect the role of school schedules and artificial light in shaping light exposure, and its association with sleep timing in children.  相似文献   

Identifying the information management process and knowledge creation in technology-based companies: a Brazilian comparative case study     

Vick  Thais Elaine  Nagano  Marcelo Seido  Santos  Fernando César Almada 《知识管理研究与实践》2013,11(3):278-287

Knowledge Management Research & Practice - Information and knowledge have been cited over the last two decades as competitive advantage tools. Recently, the use of them has been discussed to...  相似文献   

Confronting societal violence by recreating communal institutions     

David G. Gil 《Child abuse & neglect》1979,3(1):1-7

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Understanding the Idea of Chemical Elements and Their Periodic Classification in Spanish Students Aged 16–18 Years     

Antonio-Joaquín Franco-Mariscal  José María Oliva-Martínez  M. L. Almoraima Gil 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2016,14(5):885-906

The work reported here involved a comparative study regarding the understanding that high school students (16–18 years) have of the concept of chemical elements and their periodic classification. More specifically, the level of knowledge on this topic was compared before and after the completion of baccalaureate studies in a sample of Spanish students. In order to achieve this goal, a questionnaire was developed that included 14 items in an open format, through which various aspects of the students’ understanding of the idea of chemical element and their periodic classification were assessed. In addition, the application of this knowledge to interpret and predict the behaviour and properties of elements and to carry out calculations on the atomic composition of the elements was evaluated. Aspects concerning the acquisition of scientific knowledge, the application of knowledge to different contexts and situations, and the use of scientific evidence to draw conclusions and knowledge about the nature and history of science were evaluated. The questionnaire was previously validated with a large group of students. The results of this study show that improvements occur primarily in addressing higher level cognitive questions (analysis, synthesis and evaluation) in comparison to the lower level tasks (capacity for retention, understanding or direct application of learning). In addition, students who start high school have a very limited understanding of the ideas behind the Periodic Table of the chemical elements and that their lack of understanding, to a large extent, remains upon completion of the baccalaureate. These results suggest that there are real difficulties in understanding this topic and show the limited influence of the studies completed in high school.  相似文献