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Advertising has an important role in the media industry. In a context where advertising generates a negative externality for viewers, this article analyzes the factors explaining ad prices in free TV empirically. This article also considers the participation of government-owned broadcasters in the Spanish market. This study finds that private ownership is associated with higher advertising prices. The results show a positive relation between audience size and ad price and a negative relation between ad price and advertising time. In addition, this study finds that higher prices are associated with the percentage of the population between 14 and 29 years old and the regional gross domestic product per capita in the broadcast area. 相似文献
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Carles Rostan Francesc Sidera Jèssica Serrano Anna Amadó Eduard Vallès-Majoral Moisès Esteban 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(3):498-529
AbstractThis study examines the temporal effect of different trainings designed to favour the development of false belief understanding. A sample of 78 pre-school children aged between three years, five months and three years, 11 months was divided into three training conditions. After three training sessions, they were immediately evaluated in post-test 1 and again a month and a half later in post-test 2. The results showed that the efficiency of the training conditions depended both on the type of linguistic communication and on the use of deceptive objects. Also, the effect of the training was maintained for at least a month and a half after post-test 1 and it was transferred from the trained task to other false belief tasks. The results are commented according to the possibility of using language-based trainings to foster children’s theory of mind understanding in educational contexts. 相似文献
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In practice, several measures of association are used when analyzing structural equation models with ordinal variables: ordinary Pearson correlations (PE approach), polychoric and polyserial correlations (PO approach), and conditional polychoric correlations (CPO approach). In the case of structural equation models without latent variables, the literature has shown that the PE approach is outperformed by the alternatives. In this article we report a Monte Carlo study showing the comparative performance of the aforementioned alternative approaches under deviations from their respective assumptions in the case of structural equation models with latent variables when attention is restricted to point estimates of model parameters. The CPO approach is shown to be the most robust against nonnormality. It is also robust to randomness of the exogenous variables, but not to the existence of measurement errors in them. The PO approach lacks robustness against nonnormality. The PE approach lacks robustness against transformation errors but otherwise it can perform about as well as the alternative approaches. 相似文献
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Francesc Pedró 《Higher Education in Europe》2005,30(3-4):399-411
One of the best ways of incentivating the use of ICTs as university teaching tools is by providing clear evidence that this technology helps to increase educational benefits, i.e., that students learn more and more effectively – in conditions of equivalent efforts by both teachers and students. The point, however, is that little has been reported on the specific impact of Web enhancements on classroom activities – the face‐to‐face component of traditional courses – and the nature of that impact. This contribution is intended to publish some evidence based on two well‐documented experiments on the use of the Campus Global, the e‐learning platform for undergraduate, traditional face‐to‐face courses introduced at the Pompeu Fabra University as early as 1998. The first analyses the failures that often accompany the introduction of ICTs into traditional teaching. The second describes the results of an experiment aimed at comparing the academic performance of two equivalent groups of students of the same subject, one receiving ordinary, lecture‐based teaching and the other being taught with the novel use of ICTs. Finally, the results are discussed and future lines of research are proposed. 相似文献
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Francesc Solé-Parellada Josep Coll-Bertran Teresa Navarro-Hernández 《Higher Education in Europe》2001,26(3):341-350
The authors reflect on the steps taken whereby universities respond to the needs of their communities and regions and in the process transform themselves into entrepreneurial universities. They are particularly concerned with the metamorphoses of the Polytechnic University of Catalonia (Universitat Polte ¤ cnica de Catalunya) and of its so-called Innova Programme. Universities that successfully and proactively react to their environments will evolve through three stages: the vertical university, the dot matrix university, the conventional university, to arrive at the technopolis university stage. Structural patterns, governance, relations among stakeholders, and funding mechanisms must evolve to suit the needs of each stage. 相似文献
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Anna Planas-Lladó Lidia Feliu Francesc Castro Rosa Maria Fraguell Gerard Arbat Joan Pujol 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2018,43(1):14-30
This article analyses the use of peer evaluation as a tool for evaluating teamwork and students’ perceptions of this type of evaluation. A study was conducted of six subjects included on five degree courses at the University of Girona. In all of these subjects, students carried out a team activity, evaluated the performance of the team and the involvement of its different members, and responded to a survey on their perceptions of this evaluation system. We found the main factors influencing the evaluation and perception of teamwork to be teachers’ and students’ prior experience in this type of evaluation activity, the field where it is applied, the academic year students are enrolled on and the weight of the activity in the final mark. The results show that, in general, students’ views regarding such evaluation procedures are positive. 相似文献
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