La recherche en education et la formation des enseignants. Le rôle de PATEE     

Francine Vaniscotte 《欧洲师范教育杂志》1992,15(1-2):65-75

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Between training and popularization: Regulating science textbooks in secondary education     

Shapiro AR 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2012,103(1):99-110

Recruitment into the scientific community is one oft-stated goal of science education--in the post-Sputnik United States, for example--but this obscures the fact that science textbooks are often read by people who will never be scientists. It cannot be presupposed that science textbooks for younger audiences, students in primary and secondary schools, function in this way. For this reason, precollegiate-level science textbooks are sometimes discussed as a subset of literature popularizing science. The high school science classroom and the textbook are forums for exposing the public to science. The role of governments and educational institutions in regulating the consumption of these texts not only determines which books are used; it influences how they are written, read, and deemed authoritative. Therefore such science textbooks should not be seen as (at best) the disjunction of texts-for-training and books-for-popularization. A changing sense of what "textbooks" are compels a different understanding of their use in the history of science.  相似文献   

School-based Sex Education in Russia: The current reality and prospects     

Boris Yu. Shapiro 《Sex education》2013,13(1):87-96

The last decade has been characterised in Russia by a sharp increase in the number of cases of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), especially in teenagers, as well as by a high level of unwanted pregnancies, sexual violence and other phenomena relevant to the issues of reproductive and sexual health and behaviour. Though the overwhelming majority of Russian teenagers, their parents and teachers favour the introduction of sex education in schools, there is no national programme of school-based sex education in Russia at the moment. Currently, some conservative forces and the Russian Orthodox Church are actively opposing school sex education and family planning. Opponents of sex education have mounted an aggressive campaign against the implementation of sex education in schools. The attempt of the Russian Ministry of Education, in cooperation with the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and UNESCO, to implement in-school sex education has practically failed. At present, direct instruction of schoolchildren in these matters is in fact forbidden. So in the near future, it is only really feasible to promote direct educational work with youngsters on a local basis and in cooperation with some foreign experts within the framework of separate, fairly small-scale projects.  相似文献   

How Haptics and Drawing Enhance the Learning of Anatomy     

Stephen Reid  Leonard Shapiro  Graham Louw 《Anatomical sciences education》2019,12(2):164-172

Students’ engagement with two-dimensional (2D) representations as opposed to three-dimensional (3D) representations of anatomy such as in dissection, is significant in terms of the depth of their comprehension. This qualitative study aimed to understand how students learned anatomy using observational and drawing activities that included touch, called haptics. Five volunteer second year medical students at the University of Cape Town participated in a six-day educational intervention in which a novel “haptico-visual observation and drawing” (HVOD) method was employed. Data were collected through individual interviews as well as a focus group discussion. The HVOD method was successfully applied by all the participants, who reported an improvement of their cognitive understanding and memorization of the 3D form of the anatomical part. All the five participants described the development of a “mental picture” of the object as being central to “deep learning.” The use of the haptic senses coupled with the simultaneous act of drawing enrolled sources of information that were reported by the participants to have enabled better memorization. We postulate that the more sources of information about an object, the greater degree of complexity could be appreciated, and therefore the more clearly it could be captured and memorized. The inclusion of haptics has implications for cadaveric dissection versus non-cadaveric forms of learning. This study was limited by its sample size as well as the bias and position of the researchers, but the sample of five produced a sufficient amount of data to generate a conceptual model and hypothesis.  相似文献   

Society in the History of Educational Change: A Brief Review of Studies by Bernard Bailyn and Lawrence Cremin     

H. Tsvi Shapiro 《Educational theory》1978,28(3):186-193

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Book reviews     

Aniko Husti  David Istance  John Lowe  Klaus Klemm  Francine Vaniscotte  Philip Foster  Marie Eliou 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1992,38(6):707-720

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Designing a growth-producing environment     

Dr. Shel Weissman  Dr. Richard L. Morrison  Dr. David O. Krebs  Dr. Michael J. Dillon  Dr. Francine Toder  Dr. Nina Krebs 《Innovative Higher Education》1978,2(4):300-308

The purpose of this article is to describe how one university counseling center went about the process of changing its management style and subsequent service delivery. In a relatively short period of time the center went from the traditional director-staff relationship to a collective governance process. This shared governance process is based on the assumptions that the product of collective planning, shared responsibilities, and group decision making enhance morale, creativity, and productivity. As a result of the arduous tasks involved in the shift of administrative styles, the center has established group accountability, collective decision making, open communication, and total group program development. For this center's staff the transition to nonauthoritarian governance has been both stimulating and exciting. However, the process of change involves high risks, continual cooperation, and a climate of support. Without these ingredients the potential for creative management will be sharply reduced.  相似文献   

Effects of a taped-words treatment on reading proficiency   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E S Shapiro  B L McCurdy 《Exceptional children》1989,55(4):321-325

In an effort to increase reading proficiency, five 9th- and 10th-grade students with behavior disorders were instructed to read along with an audio type of vocabulary words recorded at 80 words per minute. Effects of the taped-words intervention on rate of reading vocabulary words as well as generalization effects of reading passages containing some of the same vocabulary words were assessed within a multiple baseline design. Results suggested significant effects due to practice. Minimal generalization from reading word lists to reading passages was demonstrated. The results of the present study are compared with similar investigations.  相似文献   

Temporal processing in dyslexia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K L Shapiro  N Ogden  F Lind-Blad 《Journal of learning disabilities》1990,23(2):99-107

The temporal processing capabilities of 15 children with dyslexia versus 15 age-matched and 15 reading-matched controls in a word identification task were examined. The hypothesis underlying the present experiment was that word recognition would be inferior in children with dyslexia, relative to controls, when the task demanded the temporal integration (sequencing) of two-syllable words. Such a hypothesis must predict that one-syllable word recognition does not distinguish between these two populations and that these effects cannot be accounted for in terms of eye movement differences. To test this hypothesis, one- and two-syllable words displayed for 100, 300, and 3,000 msec were required to be identified. The results yielded evidence of decreased accuracy of word identification by the children with dyslexia in the two-syllable, 300-msec condition, as predicted. A second experiment was unable to uncover any differences in eye movement behaviors that could account for the effects observed in the first experiment. The results are discussed in terms of potential sequential processing deficits in individuals with dyslexia.  相似文献   

The effects on teaching of changes in relative rewards for research and teaching     

Dr. Edward Shapiro 《Research in higher education》1978,9(1):43-67

To the degree that faculty members take into account the relative financial rewards for teaching and research in deciding on the allocation of available time between these two areas, a modification of the reward structure may be expected to produce changes in the amount of time devoted to each. The purpose of this article is to examine with the help of some basic graphic tools of economics the possible results on the quantity of teaching and the quantity of research that may follow from a modification of the reward structure. The possible results are analyzed in terms of displacement, salary, and work effects of the modification.  相似文献