Serial position effects in social transmission of food preference     

Juárez-Maldonado CE  Ortega-Saavedra G  Huichan-Olivares F  Gómez-Romero J  Cruz-Morales SE  Arriaga-Ramírez JC 《Learning & behavior》2006,34(4):374-378

The serial position effect in Long-Evans rats was evaluated in two experiments. In Experiment 1, the effect in a group for which an interstimulus interval (ISI) was introduced between items in a list of demonstrators was compared with that in a group without an ISI. With an ISI, a recency effect was produced. In Experiment 2, a serial position effect group was compared with four groups in which either the distinctiveness or the context of the middle item was changed, relative to the items on either side of it. A von Restorff effect was produced when a rat from a different strain was used as a demonstrator in Position 2. The results for Experiment 1 are discussed in relation to interstimulus effects in monkeys and those for Experiment 2 with respect to changes in the physical properties of middle items.  相似文献   

Artomic energy     

Francisco Sainz 《The Urban Review》1974,7(2):132-137

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Maximal strength and power, muscle mass, endurance and serum hormones in weightlifters and road cyclists   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Izquierdo M  Ibáñez J  Häkkinen K  Kraemer WJ  Ruesta M  Gorostiaga EM 《Journal of sports sciences》2004,22(5):465-478

Maximal strength, power, muscle cross-sectional area, maximal and submaximal cycling endurance characteristics and serum hormone concentrations of testosterone, free testosterone and cortisol were examined in three groups of men: weightlifters (n = 11), amateur road cyclists (n = 18) and age-matched controls (n = 12). Weightlifters showed 45-55% higher power values than road cyclists and controls, whereas the differences in maximal strength and muscle mass were only 15% and 20%, respectively. These differences were maintained when average power output was expressed relative to body mass or relative to muscle cross-sectional area. Road cyclists recorded 44% higher maximal workloads, whereas submaximal blood lactate concentration was 50-55% lower with increasing workload than in controls and weightlifters. In road cyclists, workloads associated with blood lactate concentrations of 2 and 4 mmol.l-1 were 50-60% higher and occurred at a higher percentage of maximal workload than in weightlifters or controls. Basal serum total testosterone and free testosterone concentrations were lower in elite amateur cyclists than in age-matched weightlifters or untrained individuals. Significant negative correlations were noted between the individual values of maximal workload, workloads at 2 and 4 mmol.l-1 and the individual values of muscle power output (r = -0.37 to -0.49), as well as the individual basal values of serum total testosterone and free testosterone (r = -0.39 to -0.41). These results indicate that the specific status of the participants with respect to training, resistance or endurance is important for the magnitude of the neuromuscular, physiological and performance differences observed between weightlifters and road cyclists. The results suggest that, in cycling, long-term endurance training may interfere more with the development of muscle power than with the development of maximal strength, probably mediated by long-term cycling-related impairment in anabolic hormonal status.  相似文献   

University Efficiency: Complementariness versus Trade‐off between Teaching,Research and Administrative Activities     

Ricardo Sellers‐Rubio  Francisco J. Mas‐Ruiz  Ana B. Casado‐Díaz 《Higher Education Quarterly》2010,64(4):373-391

University managers should be aware of the importance that efficiency has for their own universities, orientating their actions towards research and teaching excellence. This study estimates teaching and research efficiency of the different departments of a university and tests the complementariness versus trade‐off between them. The results obtained show high levels of efficiency for the departments analysed, which is important for budget allocation, as one of the main challenges faced by a university is the allocation of budgets to different departments. The results also support the trade‐off between teaching efficiency and research activity, the complementariness between teaching efficiency and research efficiency, between research efficiency and time deducted from teaching, as well as the complementariness between research efficiency and administration activity.  相似文献   

Analysis of the professional choice self-efficacy scale using the Rasch-Andrich rating scale model     

Rodolfo A. M. Ambiel  Ana Paula Porto Noronha  Lucas de Francisco Carvalho 《International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance》2015,15(3):205-219

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La Roja: A Journey Through Spanish Football     

Francisco Javier Lopez Frías 《Soccer & Society》2015,16(1):149-151

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Physiological determinants of speciality of elite middle- and long-distance runners     

Rabadán M  Díaz V  Calderón FJ  Benito PJ  Peinado AB  Maffulli N 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(9):975-982

The aim of this study was to determine which physiological variables predict excellence in middle- and long-distance runners. Forty middle-distance runners (age 23 ± 4 years, body mass 67.2 ± 5.9 kg, stature 1.80 ± 0.05 m, VO(2max) 65.9 ± 4.5 ml · kg(-1) · min(-1)) and 32 long-distance runners (age 25 ± 4 years, body mass 59.8 ± 5.1 kg, stature 1.73 ± 0.06 m, VO(2max) 71.6 ± 5.0 ml · kg(-1) · min(-1)) competing at international standard performed an incremental running test to exhaustion. Expired gas analysis was performed breath-by-breath and maximum oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) and two ventilatory thresholds (VT(1) and VT(2)) were calculated. Long-distance runners presented a higher VO(2max) than middle-distance runners when expressed relative to body mass (P < 0.001, d = 1.18, 95% CI [0.68, 1.68]). At the intensities corresponding to VT(1) and VT(2), long-distance runners showed higher values for VO(2) expressed relative to body mass or %VO(2max), speed and oxygen cost of running (P < 0.05). When oxygen uptake was adjusted for body mass, differences between groups were consistent. Logistic binary regression analysis showed that VO(2max) (expressed as l · min(-1) and ml · kg(-1) · min(-1)), VO(2VT2) (expressed as ml · kg(-0.94) · min(-1)), and speed at VT(2) (v(VT2)) categorized long-distance runners. In addition, the multivariate model correctly classified 84.7% of the athletes. Thus, VO(2max), VO(2VT2), and v(VT2) discriminate between elite middle-distance and long-distance runners.  相似文献   

Aspects of financing non-formal education     

Francisco X. Swett Morales 《Prospects》1983,13(1):55-60

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Anxiolytic-like effect of ejaculation upon frustration     

Freidin E  Kamenetzky G  Mustaca AE 《Learning & behavior》2005,33(3):277-286

In three experiments, we studied the consequences of ejaculation upon the frustrative or contrast response of male rats exposed to reward downshift situations (i.e., surprising changes from 32% to 4% sucrose solutions). Similar to what has been found after treatment with anxiolytic agents, consummatory suppression was partially reversed by previous ejaculations in a second postshift trial (Experiments 2 and 3), such a result not having been obtained in a first postshift trial (Experiment 1). Moreover, the effect of ejaculations upon males' behavior during a second postshift trial was transitory, disappearing when assessed during the third and fourth postshift trials (Experiment 3). These results are in accordance with both Amsel's (1958, 1992) frustration theory and Flaherty's (1996) multistage hypothesis of successive negative contrast; the diverse factors that are known to modulate contrast effects are considered, including an interpretation of the present data in terms of the anxiolytic-like effect of the ejaculation.  相似文献   

Important announcement     

Francisco Cano  María Cardelle-Elawar 《Educational Psychology Review》1992,4(4):i-i

Important announcement  相似文献