Museum Heroes All: The Pavia Approach to School-Science Museum Interactions     

Lidia Falomo Bernarduzzi  Gabriele Albanesi  Fabio Bevilacqua 《Science & Education》2014,23(4):761-780

To improve on the classic school trip to the museum and the traditional distinctions between formal and informal learning, every year we run a project where the schools (first the teachers and then the pupils) are actively involved right from the very first stages of planning. The various projects realised so far involve schools with children of different age levels, from kindergarten to high school, and aim to provide a rewarding museum experience for each level. The various phases of each project follow a timeline where the specific roles of each group of actors is set out. All our projects rely extensively on history of science, but in a number of ways: using primary and secondary sources, museum exhibitions, multimedia and hands-on reconstructions of historical experiments. We mix all these resources together to offer a historical route suitable to the various age groups. Creative analogical thinking, iconographic similarities and coincidences between the scientific and artistic domains are encouraged especially with children from 3 to 13 years old. These comparisons become pretexts for analysis, reflection and creative production also at the graphic level. In this paper we outline our methodology in the specific case of a laboratory and exhibition experience built around the person and work of Galileo. One of the results has been the involvement of the pupils in a new, unexpected emotional experience.  相似文献   

Age‐Related Changes in Spreading Activation During Infancy     

Rachel Barr  Joanne Walker  Julien Gross  Harlene Hayne 《Child development》2014,85(2):549-563

The concept of spreading activation describes how retrieval of one memory cues retrieval of other memories that are associated with it. This study explored spreading activation in 6‐, 12‐, and 18‐month‐old infants. Infants (n = 144) learned two tasks within the same experimental session; one task, deferred imitation (DI), is typically remembered longer than the other task, visual recognition memory (VRM). At all ages, retrieval of the DI memory facilitated retrieval of the VRM memory, but the conditions under which this spreading activation occurred changed as a function of age. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the development of mnemonic networks during infancy and the value of studying infants for our understanding of memory more generally.  相似文献   

Self-Control in School-Age Children     

Angela L. Duckworth  Tamar Szabó Gendler  James J. Gross 《教育心理学家》2014,49(3):199-217

Conflicts between immediately rewarding activities and more enduringly valued goals abound in the lives of school-age children. Such conflicts call upon children to exercise self-control, a competence that depends in part on the mastery of metacognitive, prospective strategies. The process model of self-control organizes these strategies into five families corresponding to sequential phases in the process by which undesired and desired impulses lose or gather force over time. Situation selection and situation modification strategies involve choosing or changing physical or social circumstances. Attentional deployment and cognitive change strategies involve altering whether and how objective features of the situation are mentally represented. Finally, response modulation strategies involve the direct suppression or enhancement of impulses. The process model of self-control predicts that strategies deployed earlier in the process of impulse generation and regulation generally will be more effective than those deployed later. Implications of this self-control perspective for school-age children are considered.  相似文献   

Zum Stand der Einschulung und der neuen Schuleingangsstufe in Deutschland     

Prof. Dr. Gabriele Faust 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2006,9(3):328-347

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Mathematik — ein polarisierendes Schulfach     

Hans-Wolfgang Henn  Gabriele Kaiser 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2001,4(3):359-380

Zusammenfassung Mathematik ist ein polarisierendes Fach, ein Fach, das entweder geliebt oder abgelehnt wird. Der Beitrag fragt nach den Ursachen für eine derartige Polarisierung und beschreibt dabei die Stellung des Fachs Mathematik in der Schule. In einem ersten Teil werden unter Bezug auf die historische Entwicklung des Faches Mathematik die Zielsetzungen des Mathematikunterrichts beschrieben. Dabei wird deutlich, dass im Mathematikunterricht über die historische Entwicklung hinweg für die gymnasiale Bildung st?rker formale Ziele von Mathematik als Geistesbildung formuliert wurden, w?hrend für die Volks-und Realschulbildung st?rker materiale Bildung der Bef?higung zur Umweltbew?ltigung gefordert wurden. In einem zweiten Teil werden Probleme und Defizite des Mathematikunterrichts beschrieben wie die Dominanz von Regeln und Kalkülen und die einseitige Orientierung an einer deduktiv aufgebauten Fachsystematik. In einem dritten Teil werden Konsequenzen und Ma?nahmen zur Behebung der Defizite vorgeschlagen wie die Orientierung an fundamentalen Ideen. Auf der Ebene der Lehr-Lern-Formen wird die Bedeutung produktiver Lernumgebungen hervorgehoben sowie die St?rkung von Eigenaktivit?ten und offenen Fragestellungen gefordert.

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Summary Mathematics — a polarizing subject. Mathematics is a polarizing subject, a subject either beloved or condemned. This contribution asks for the reasons for such polarization and, at the same time describes the position of Mathematics as a school subject. In the first part, the aims of mathematics teaching are described in relation with the historical development of mathematics. It becomes obvious that beyond its historical development mathematics teaching at the Gymnasium (higher type secondary school) was laying stronger emphasis on formal goals of mathematics such as the cultivation of the mind, while at the Volksschule (lower type secondary school) and Realschule (intermediate type secondary school) goals related to the ability of mastering daily life were more strongly demanded. In the second part problems and deficits of mathematics teaching are described, such as the prevailing dominance of rules and calculations and the unilateral orientation towards a deductively constructed systematics of the subject. In the third part consequences and measures for remedying the deficits are suggested, for example an orientation on fundamental ideas. At the level of teaching-and-learning-modes productive learning surroundings are demanded and the support of individually initiated activities and open problems is stressed.

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Wer liegt am Ende der Grundschulzeit vorn?     

Frank Lipowsky  Tobias C. Stubbe  Caroline Theurer  Gabriele Faust 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2018,21(5):897-927

The number of students enrolled in private schools has been growing continuously in the past years, especially in elementary schools. There is a variety of reasons for this development. Among other expectations, parents anticipate a superior education for their children and hope for bigger academic success. However, empirical results on the effectiveness of private schools are inconsistent and ambiguous, partly because many studies used cross-sectional data. Longitudinal studies investigating the development of elementary school students are especially lacking.The present study compares academic achievement gains of students enrolled in public schools to students who learned in the so-called BIP-creativity elementary schools. BIP schools are private schools that aim to promote the development of the talent, intelligence and personality of their students. This study investigates the development of students in mathematics, reading and orthography over a 4-years period.As the group of BIP-students is selected in terms of their socio-economic background, analyses were run in two ways. First, multilevel analyses controlling for student and class characteristics were performed. Second, a Propensity Score Matching based on school enrollment data was used in order to select a comparable group of students from public schools. Each BIP-student was matched to a student from the public schools that had a comparable socio-economic background and similar cognitive characteristics. Neither multilevel analyses nor mean comparisons of the matched samples could reveal any differences between the two groups of students in the three domains of academic achievement at the end of fourth grade.  相似文献   

Islamic education and the challenge of democratic citizenship: a critical perspective     

Najwan Saada  Zehavit Gross 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2017,38(6):807-822

This article analyzes how concepts of liberal and progressive Islam, which have been developed in the political and theological academic literature, may inform the curriculum of Islamic education and the practice of religious educators in Islamic schools in the US. We investigate the meaning of in-faith Islamic education and how it can conform to the life in a democratic, multicultural, and multi-faith society. Liberal Islam challenges the transmission-oriented and rigid interpretations of Islam and seeks to appreciate and to contextualize the religious claims which are compatible with ideals of reflective education, rational thinking, mutual respect, and equal citizenship. It suggests that students become critical ‘consumers’ of Islam, its moral and civic purposes, and the cultural politics of religious interrogations.  相似文献   

Mathematische Literalität unter einer sprachlich-kulturellen Perspektive     

Gabriele?KaiserEmail author  Inga?Schwarz 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2003,6(3):357-377

Im Beitrag werden zun?chst die verschiedenen in der mathematikdidaktischen Diskussion zu mathematical literacy vertretenen Positionen referiert sowie die Umsetzung von mathematical literacy als erkenntnisleitende Bildungskonzeption in der internationalen PISA-Studie sowie die Orientierung der deutschen Erg?nzungsstudie an dem Konzept einer mathematischen Grundbildung reflektiert. In einem zweiten Teil wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Anforderungen an eine Konzeption mathematischer Literalit?t zu stellen sind, die den Bedingungen einer mehrsprachigen Schülerschaft gerecht wird. An einem Beispiel aus der eigenen empirischen Forschung wird dabei die Notwendigkeit der Berücksichtigung sprachlicher Prozesse beim Mathematiklernen aufgezeigt. Anschlie?end werden auf dieser Basis überlegungen zu einer eigenen Auffassung mathematischer Literalit?t als Bildungsziel mathematischer Erziehung formuliert.  相似文献   

State-religious education in Israel: between tradition and modernity   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Gross  Zehavit 《Prospects》2003,33(2):149-164

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Continuing professional development designed as second-order action research: work-in-progress     

Barbara Hanfstingl  Gunther Abuja  Gabriele Isak  Christine Lechner  Eleonore Steigberger 《Educational Action Research》2020,28(1):71-82

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this article is to describe how Lesson Study as second-order action research can be applied and how we planned to evaluate and improve course design, learners’ progress, team members’ roles and learning objectives of a 2-year university course for English as a Second Language teachers. The article describes the concept of a Lesson Study conducted in a course for teachers with a minimum of 3 years of teaching experience, rather than for students or undergraduates as in traditional concepts of the Lesson Study approach. PFL (‘Pedagogy and Subject Didactics Programme’) is a 2-year programme consisting of three seminars and five groups meetings in which the participants focus on the reflection of their professional practice in their specific school situation. All participants are required to plan, carry out and document their own action research project. The team provides input on action research and current topics in language teaching and learning, and advises participants. The methodology follows a mixed-method approach based on action research methodologies including questionnaires, interviews and observations. Analyses are conducted qualitatively and quantitatively. The article presents the concept of the project but not yet findings at this stage due to curriculum development and approval issues.  相似文献