College Students’ Experiences with Diversity and Their Effects on Academic Self-Confidence,Social Agency,and Disposition toward Critical Thinking     

Thomas?F.?Nelson LairdEmail author 《Research in higher education》2005,46(4):365-387

The results of this study conducted at the University of Michigan (n = 289) indicate that students with more experiences with diversity, particularly enrollment in diversity courses and positive interactions with diverse peers, are more likely to score higher on academic self-confidence, social agency, and critical thinking disposition. In addition, the study provides evidence that diversity experiences may work together to foster development of certain aspects of self.The work reported herein is supported under the National Institute for Student Achievement, Curriculum and Assessment program, agreement number R305T990402-00, CFDA/Subprogram No: 84.305T, as administered by the Office of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI), U.S. Department of Education. The findings and opinions expressed in this report do not reflect the position or policies of OERI or the U.S. Department of Education.  相似文献   

Trace and long-delay fear conditioning in the developing rat     

Barnet RC  Hunt PS 《Learning & behavior》2005,33(4):437-443

In two experiments with rats, we examined the developmental emergence of conditioned freezing following trace and short-delay conditioning and also included a long-delay comparison group. In the short-delay and trace groups, a 10-sec conditioned stimulus (CS) was paired with shock; for the trace rats, a 10-sec trace interval followed CS termination. The long-delay groups received a 20-sec CS paired with shock, to equate for the longer interstimulus interval (ISI) in the trace group. Trace conditioning emerged later in development than did short-delay conditioning (see Moye & Rudy, 1987). Importantly, long-delay conditioning emerged in parallel with trace conditioning, at a similar time, and with similar strength. These findings suggest a role for the longer ISI, as opposed to the unfilled gap per se, in the late emergence of trace conditioning. The role of the hippocampus in trace conditioning and the possibility that young rats encode the temporal relationship between CSs and unconditioned stimuli are also considered.  相似文献   

Use of flow cytometry to investigate the cytokine response pattern in infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection and bronchiolitis     

陈志敏  杜立中  毛建华  汤永民 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2002,3(5):622-626

Objective: To investigate the cytokine response pattern (IL-4/IFN-γ) in infants with RSV infections and bronchiolitis during the acute phase. Methods: Four-color flow cytometry was used to measure intracellular IL-4 and IFN-γ expressions in peripheral blood CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes from RSV-infected and bronchiolitis infants. Serum IL-4 and IFN-γ levels were also determined. Results: RSV-infected and bronchiolitis infants showed no statistical differences from not-RSV-infected or pneumonia infants and control in the frequency of IL-4 and IFN-γ expressions in CD3+CD8- lymphocytes, showed no obvious Th1/Th2 imbalance, while IFN-γ was expressed much more frequently in CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes. Systematically, RSV-infected and bronchiolitis infants showed much lower levels of serum IL-4 and IL-4/IFN-γ ratios and much higher serum IFN-γ levels than control. However, there were no statistical differences in the above three indices between RSV-infected and not-RSV infected infants or between bronchiolitis and pneumonia infants, except that bronchiolitis infants had a higher level of serum IFN-γ than pneumonia infants statistically. Conclusions: There is no type-2 cytokine response predominance in the acute phase of RSV infection and bronchiolitis. IL-4 production is suppressed and IFN-γ production upregulated, the latter being most prominent in bronchiolitis infants.  相似文献   

Student Motivation and Learning in Mathematics and Science: A Cluster Analysis     

Betsy?L.?L.?NgEmail author  W.?C.?Liu  John?C.?K.?Wang 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2016,14(7):1359-1376

The present study focused on an in-depth understanding of student motivation and self-regulated learning in mathematics and science through cluster analysis. It examined the different learning profiles of motivational beliefs and self-regulatory strategies in relation to perceived teacher autonomy support, basic psychological needs (i.e. autonomy, competence, and relatedness), motivational regulations, and academic achievement. Grounded in self-determination theory, this study examined the learning profiles of 782 students from eight secondary schools in Singapore. The cluster analyzes revealed four distinct learning profiles, and they were compared in association with perceived teacher autonomy support, needs satisfaction, motivational regulations, and grades. Cluster profiling enables teachers to have better understanding of their students’ self-regulated learning so that they can apply effective teaching strategies to foster their motivation. The findings offer a perspective to secondary students’ psychological needs along with some insights into their perceived task value and self-efficacy in the contexts of mathematics and science.  相似文献   

An integrated DBP for streams with (<Emphasis Type="Italic">m,k</Emphasis>)-firm real-time guarantee     

Zhi?WangEmail author  Ji-ming?Chen  You-xian?Sun 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2004,5(7):816-826

(m,k)-firm real-time or weakly hard real-time (WHRT) guarantee is becoming attractive as it closes the gap between hard and soft (or probabilistic) real-time guarantee, and enables finer granularity of real-time QoS through adjustingm andk. For multiple streams with (m, k)-firm constraint sharing a single server, an, on-line priority assignment policy based on the most recentk-length history of each stream called distance based priority (DBP) has been proposed to assign priority. In case of priority equality among these head-of-queue instances, Earliest Deadline First (EDF) is used. Under the context of WHRT schedule theory, DBP is the most popular, gets much attention and has many applications due to its straightforward priority assignment policy and easy implementation. However, DBP combined with EDF cannot always provide good performance, mainly because the initial, DBP does not underline the rich information on deadline met/missed distribution, specially streams in various failure states which will travel different distances to restore success states. Considering how to effectively restore the success state of each individual stream from a failure state, an integrated DBP utilizing deadline met/missed distribution is proposed in this paper. Simulation results validated the performance improvement of this proposal. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60203030) and Advanced Research Program of France-China (Nos. PRA S101-04, PRA S103-02)  相似文献   

Targeting of human aFGF gene into silkworm,<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bombyx mori</Emphasis> L. through homologous recombination     

Wu?Xiao-fengEmail author  Cao?Cui-ping 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2004,5(6):644-650

The long-arm and short-arm genes of fibroin light chain (L-chain) of silkworm,Bombyx Mori L., and the gene of human acidic fibroblast growth factor were cloned respectively and subsequently inserted into a transfer vector pVL 1392 used as a tool to target the L-chain region of the silkworm genome. Genomic DNA from their offsprings was extracted and the expected targeting was detected using polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing, as well as protein analysis. The results showed that positive events occurred and that the FGF gene was integrated into the L-chain locus through homologous recombination. Project supported by the Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, Education Ministry of China and the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No. 301306), China  相似文献   

“Above must be above,and below must be below”: enactment of relational school leadership in Vietnam     

Philip?HallingerEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  Thang?Truong 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2016,17(4):677-690

Over the past 20 years, relational theories of leadership have gained increased traction in the global discourse in educational leadership. This is observable in the increased frequency with which scholars have begun to construct leadership within the sociocultural and institutional systems of different societies. This study addressed the question, “How is effective school leadership constructed in the multi-faceted education context of modern day Vietnam?” We employed a multi-site case study research design to collect qualitative data from several stakeholder groups in three Vietnamese schools. Analysis centered on describing and synthesizing how principal leadership was constructed in these settings. This study “contextualized school leadership” by describing how leadership themes of managing relationships, preserving harmony, and teacher empowerment were shaped by institutional, political and socio-cultural forces in Vietnamese society. The findings support the importance of contextualizing leadership in order to understand differences in how “effective school leadership” is constructed and understood across different societies.  相似文献   

Word-reading and word-spelling styles of French beginners: Do all children learn to read and spell in the same way?     

Elsa?EmeEmail author  Caroline?Golder 《Reading and writing》2005,18(2):157-188

This article explores the styles of word reading and word spelling used by beginning readers in the French language. The aim of the study was to find out whether sub-lexical and lexical styles of reliance, which has been observed in children learning to read and spell in English, exists in French, a language with a more transparent orthography. A sample of 159 subjects were assessed on their reading and spelling of regular words, irregular words and nonwords. Cluster analyses on reading/spelling performances led us to identify various profiles, among which sub-lexical and lexical styles could be discerned. These profiles were then compared across a set of linguistic tasks in order to look for factors that might be related to individual differences in reading/spelling styles. Overall, our findings suggest that quantitative level differences explain most individual variation in literacy. These results are discussed in relation to developmental models of reading and spelling in different orthographic systems.  相似文献   

Using Research-Based Video-cases to Help Pre-service Primary Teachers Conceptualize a Contemporary View of Mathematics Teaching     

Pi-Jen?LinEmail author 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2005,3(3):351-377

The study inquired into the effect of research-based video-cases on pre-service teachers conceptualizing their understanding of contemporary mathematics teaching. The 43 participants enrolled in a Mathematics Method Course viewed and discussed 5 video-cases of primary teachers teaching. Journal entries, lesson plans, and microteaching observations were collected as data on which the following assertions were based. Pre-service teachers' responses to the 5 videos were more concerned with pedagogical content knowledge than mathematical content and students' learning. They refocused and deepened their awareness of students' learning and questioning skills through discussing the videos. The video-cases improved their construction of pedagogical representation and their ability to identify a problematic situation with multiple perspectives. These effects appeared to be influenced by the scaffold of three factors: vicarious experience to complement personal experience, watching and discussing video-cases enriched by the developers, and journal writing to foster deeper reflections.  相似文献   

Analytical method for promoting process capability of shock absorption steel     

Sung?Wen-Pei?Email author  Shih?Ming-Hsiang  Chen?Kuen-Suan 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2003,4(4):388-392

Mechanical properties and low cycle fatigue are two factors that must be considered in developing new type steel for shock absorption. Process capability and process control are significant factors in achieving the purpose of research and development programs. Often-used evaluation methods failed to measure process yield and process centering; so this paper uses Taguchi loss function as basis to establish an evaluation method and the steps for assessing the quality of mechanical properties and process control of an iron and steel manufacturer. The establishment of this method can serve the research and development and manufacturing industry and lay a foundation in enhancing its process control ability to select better manufacturing processes that are more reliable than decision making by using the other commonly used methods.  相似文献