排序方式： 共有27条查询结果，搜索用时 343 毫秒
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Allen GE 《Endeavour》2003,27(2):63-68
The legacy of Mendel's pioneering studies of hybridization in the pea continues to influence the way we understand modern genetics. But what sort of picture did Mendel himself have of his work and its ultimate uses, and how does that picture compare with the collection of ideas and methodologies that was put forward in his name and later became known as 'Mendelism'? With genetics standing at the center of our present biomedical and biotechnological research, an examination of the history of our concepts in the field can help us better understand what we should and should not expect from current genetic claims. For that enterprise there is no better starting place than Mendel himself. 相似文献
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Onur Güntürkün Charlotte Koenen Fabrizio Iovine Alexis Garland Roland Pusch 《Learning & behavior》2018,46(3):229-241
We are surrounded by an endless variation of objects. The ability to categorize these objects represents a core cognitive competence of humans and possibly all vertebrates. Research on category learning in nonhuman animals started with the seminal studies of Richard Herrnstein on the category “human” in pigeons. Since then, we have learned that pigeons are able to categorize a large number of stimulus sets, ranging from Cubist paintings to English orthography. Strangely, this prolific field has largely neglected to also study the avian neurobiology of categorization. Here, we present a hypothesis that combines experimental results and theories from categorization research in pigeons with neurobiological insights on visual processing and dopamine-mediated learning in primates. We conclude that in both fields, similar conclusions on the mechanisms of perceptual categorization have been drawn, despite very little cross-reference or communication between these two areas to date. We hypothesize that perceptual categorization is a two-component process in which stimulus features are first rapidly extracted in a feed-forward process, thereby enabling a fast subdivision along multiple category borders. In primates this seems to happen in the inferotemporal cortex, while pigeons may primarily use a cluster of associative visual forebrain areas. The second process rests on dopaminergic error-prediction learning that enables prefrontal areas to connect top down the relevant visual category dimension to the appropriate action dimension. 相似文献
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Kathleen Garland 《Information processing & management》1983,19(3):113-120
A method of automatic document classification was developed as part of a larger research project in materials selection. Documents classed as QA by the Library of Congress classification system were clustered at six thresholds by keyword using the single link technique. The automatically generated clusters were then compared to the Library of Congress subclasses to which the documents had been assigned by human classifiers. Finally, a partial classified hierarchy was formed from the individual document clusters within a single threshold. Implications of the utility of grouping documents for on-line searching are discussed. 相似文献
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Kate Garland Jan Noyes 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2005,36(1):85-91
Students today comprise a very diverse group, and this will be reflected in their attitudes towards learning. This study set out to examine four different cohorts of UK students during the same time period. Contrary to expectations, it was found that attitudes towards books and computers, as measured by separate but matched scales, were equal, even though experience of the two media varied considerably. A key predictor for computer attitude was found to be confidence for learning from computers rather than general computer confidence. Further, attitudes and confidence towards books and computers as learning tools varied significantly across the four cohorts. 相似文献
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Although community corrections courses have existed in universities for decades, studies have yet to explore whether the depth and breadth of academic preparation is meeting practitioner needs. In many jurisdictions across the country, community supervision officers receive little pre-service training, making classroom learning a very important component for job preparation. Using survey data collected from members of the American Society of Criminology, Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, and American Probation and Parole Association, this study examines university faculty and community corrections practitioner expectations regarding topical coverage in undergraduate coursework relevant to the community corrections field. Results indicate that both groups, especially practitioners, gave the strongest preference to coverage of universally applicable job skills such as critical thinking, written and oral communication, and organizational and listening skills. Practitioners generally expected classroom learning to be more in depth and applied than faculty members. Some of the most substantial gaps in expectations were found for daily routine items such as interview skills with offenders, on-the-job decision-making, providing courtroom testimony, and stress coping. 相似文献
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Daniel J. Garland 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(4):447-451
Information is presented on a teaching/learning technique that emphasizes a dialogue approach to critical thinking and learning in the classroom. A point‐counterpoint procedure is used to examine several controversial psychological issues, each considered to be open‐ended and discussable from at least two opposing perspectives. There are no “right” answers to learn; instead, the emphasis is on how to examine and evaluate information from opposing viewpoints. 相似文献
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