Stability and Variability in Young Children's Understanding of Floating and Sinking During One Single‐Task Session     

Heidi B. Meindertsma  Marijn W. G. van Dijk  Henderien W. Steenbeek  Paul L. C. van Geert 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2014,8(3):149-158

Intraindividual variability is a key component in explaining children's development and learning. Studying this type of variability on the micro‐timescale can help us understand real‐time constructive processes and the subsequent long‐term development. The aim of this article is to study the process of children's understanding of floating and sinking during one single‐task session. A total of 38 kindergartners were asked to explain the floating or sinking of 14 different objects. The results reveal that the majority of children showed a high degree of intraindividual variability. In general, most children had a decrease in variability of both content and complexity of explanations during one task session and stabilized in both complexity and content toward the end of the task. The analyses indicated that hypothesis testing was not related to changes in children's explanations. These results can be the starting point for further research about change on different, nested timescales.  相似文献   

The state of the art in Self-Study of Teacher Education Practices: a systematic literature review     

Eline Vanassche  Geert Kelchtermans 《课程研究杂志》2013,45(4):508-528

This article reports on a systematic review of the Self-Study of Teacher Education Practices research literature published between 1990 and 2012. Self-study research refers to teacher educators researching their practice with the purpose of improving it, making explicit and validating their professional expertise and, at the same time, contributing to the knowledge base of teacher education. Reflecting our analysis, we defined self-study as a research approach in the field of teacher education which can be typified by the following characteristics: self-study research focuses on one’s own practice; for this reason, it privileges the use of qualitative research methods; collaborative interactions play a central role in the research process; and its validation is based on trustworthiness. Furthermore, we identified two tensions inherent in the self-study work, on which researchers always and continuously need to position themselves for self-study inquiries to achieve its purposes: the tension between relevance and rigour on the one hand, and that of effectiveness and understanding on the other hand.  相似文献   

三维健康观教育下大学生参与体育活动的调查分析     

谭志刚  黄诚  陈勇 《吉林体育学院学报》2010,26(3):93-94

为考察三维健康观的实施情况,选取了湖南四所高校的大一、大二两个年级400名大学生进行抽样,从对三维健康观认识、参与体育运动的动机、参与体育运动的项目选择三个方面进行调查与比较,结果显示：大学公共体育课与大学健康教育的结合卓有成效,但深入、落实不够;学生参与运动的动机从传统健康理念向现代健康理念发展;当代大学生对富于挑战性、刺激性的新兴体育项目兴趣较浓。提出的建议包括：建议增设和扩大期末笔试内容,督促学生加深对＂健康＂的认识与了解;大学公共体育应加强对学生的远景性学习动机进行培养;创造条件,大力引进新兴体育项目。  相似文献   

Greater adaptivity or greater control? Adaptation of IOR portfolios in response to technological change     

Tim de Leeuw  Victor Gilsing  Geert Duysters 《Research Policy》2019,48(6):1586-1600

This paper addresses the question of how firms accomplish the strategic task of adapting their entire set of IORs (interorganizational relationships) to changing environmental conditions. To study this, we move beyond the focus on collaboration with individual partners (the dyadic perspective) that has been the dominant emphasis in the literature until now. Instead, we view the firms’ portfolios through the lens of the different modes of IOR engaged in (licensing agreements, non-equity alliances, venture capital investments, minority investments, joint ventures, and mergers & and acquisitions). We study the role of environmental change within the high-tech setting of the bio-pharmaceutical industry and distinguish between industry technological change and firm-specific technological change. In doing so, we rely on prospect theory to theorize how firms’ perceptions of environmental change in terms of a looming loss or a potential gain affect their risk-bearing, how this leads them to adjust their IOR portfolio diversity, and how these adjustments get implemented at the mode level. Whereas most of our hypotheses were confirmed by the study, a key unexpected finding was that firms respond to both types of technological change through stronger forms of adaptation than theoretically anticipated. Firms adapt to industry technological change through an increase in the diversity of their portfolio of IORs and by churning it up, which leads to a loosening of control at the individual mode level but greater adaptivity at the portfolio level. When facing firm-specific change instead, they adapt by reducing portfolio diversity, while cutting back on collaboration across five out of the six modes. Our findings both contribute to the literature on organizational adaptation, interfirm collaboration, and IOR portfolios and provide a greater behavioral understanding of network change.  相似文献   

A clustering algorithm based TS fuzzy model for tracking dynamical system data     

Tanmoy Dam  Alok Kanti Deb 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2017,354(13):5617-5645

This paper presents an optimal fuzzy partition based Takagi Sugeno Fuzzy Model (TSFM) in which a novel clustering algorithm, known as Modified Fuzzy C-Regression Model (MFCRM), has been proposed. The objective function of MFCRM algorithm has been developed by considering of geometrical structure of input data and linear functional relation between input–output data. The MFCRM partitions the data space to create fuzzy subspaces (rules). A new validation criterion has been developed for detecting the right number of rules (subspaces) in a given data set. The obtained fuzzy partition is used to build the fuzzy structure and identify the premise parameters. Once, right number of rules and premise parameters have been identified, then consequent parameters have been identified by orthogonal least square (OLS) approach. The cluster validation index has been tested on synthetic data set. The effectiveness of MFCRM based TSFM has been validated on benchmark examples, such as Boiler Turbine system, Mackey–Glass time series data and Box–Jenkins model. The model performance is also validated through high-dimensional data such as Auto-MPG data and Boston Housing data.  相似文献   

Communication management in the public sector: Consequences for public communication about policy intentions     

Dave Gelders  Geert Bouckaert  Betteke van Ruler 《Government Information Quarterly》2007

Public communication about policy intentions is important but delicate. Government officials are confronted with four main constraints typical of the public sector compared to the private sector: more complicated and unstable environment, additional legal and formal restrictions, more rigid procedures, and more diverse products and objectives. These constraints imply that ministers communicating about policy intentions face specific communication issues such as intensive political and media interferences, need for democratic communication, and more rigid timing and budget constraints.  相似文献   

Body_machine? Encounters of the human and the mechanical in education,industry and science     

Frederik Herman  Karin Priem  Geert Thyssen 《History of education》2017,46(1):108-127

This paper unveils the body_machine as a key element of dynamic mental maps that have come to shape both educational praxis and research. It traces and analyses instances in which the human and the mechanical encountered each other in metaphorical, material and visual forms, thereby blurring to some extent the boundaries between them while capturing and mobilising specific forms of knowing and acting. The paper studies, first, how certain ‘orienting frames of reference’ and associated ‘experimental systems’ managed to materialise around the body_machine and penetrate theory and praxis; and, second, what visual and textual sources related to a vocational school may reveal about where and how the body_machine has come to operate in education, industry and science. The paper centres on early twentieth-century photographs and analyses these not only as media presenting, representing and interrogating common thought and practice but also as agents of meaning-making around the body_machine.  相似文献   

Congenitally deaf children's care trajectories in the context of universal neonatal hearing screening: a qualitative study of the parental experiences     

Hardonk S  Desnerck G  Loots G  Van Hove G  Van Kerschaver E  Sigurjónsdóttir HB  Vanroelen C  Louckx F 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》2011,16(3):305-324

The objective of this study is to examine the early care trajectories of congenitally deaf children from a parental perspective, starting with universal neonatal hearing screenings. The analysis using a three-dimensional care trajectory concept is aimed at developing a basic typology of postscreening care trajectories. Children with severe/profound hearing loss, registered in the Flanders' (Belgium) universal neonatal hearing screening program, born between 1999 and 2001. Thematic content analysis of qualitative data collected retrospectively from participant's parents. Two basic types of care trajectories emerged; based on differences in care-use in the phase of further diagnosis and related parental experiences. Subtypes resulted from events related to cochlear implantation. Five trajectory phases were identified: screening, further diagnosis, care and technology, cochlear implantation, and reduction of care and were characterized by specific parental experiences such as confusion, disbelief, disappointment, and uncertainty. Those experiences relate to care professionals' acts and communication and the child's functional evolution. Early care interventions could benefit from coordinated transition between phases, parent support throughout the care trajectory, and a broad approach to deafness in professionals' communication.  相似文献   

The effect of equipment scaling on children’s sport performance: the case for tennis     

Ewout Timmerman  Joel De Water  Kim Kachel  Machar Reid  Damian Farrow  Geert Savelsbergh 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(10):1093-1100

The influence of scaling court-size and net height on children’s tennis performance was examined. Sixteen boys (9.7 ± 0.5 years) had to perform a 30-min match in four different conditions, where court-size and/or net height were scaled by using a scaling ratio based on the differences in temporal demands between the children and the adult game. These 30-min matches were analysed using Tennis Analyst (FairPlay Ltd., Jindalee, QLD, Australia) software to determine typical tennis match performance characteristics. Children hit more winners, more forced errors, played more volleys, struck more shots from a comfortable height and played in a more forward court position when the net was scaled. Scaling both the court and net lead to a faster children’s game, more closely approximating what is typical of the adult game. The differences between the typical tennis performance variables recorded suggested that scaling the net led to a more aggressive way of playing. Further, children enjoyed playing on the standard court–scaled net condition more than standard adult conditions. It is suggested that optimising the scaling of net height may be as critical as other task constraints, such as racquet length or court-size, as it leads to a more engaging learning environment for experienced children.  相似文献   

Visual illusions and the control of ball placement in goal-directed hitting     

Caljouw SR  Van der Kamp J  Savelsbergh GJ 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2010,81(4):410-415

When hitting kicking, or throwing balls at targets, online control in the target area is impossible. We assumed this lack of late corrections in the target area would induce an effect of a single-winged Müller-Lyer illusion on ball placement. After extensive practice in hitting balls to different landing locations, participants (N = 9) had to hit a ball to a distant target specified by the vertex of a single-winged Müller-Lyer configuration. Impact velocity was not significantly "tricked" by the pictorial illusion, suggesting that, even when late corrections in the target area are absent, some motor behaviors are not susceptible to the influence of the visual environment surrounding the target.  相似文献