El auténtico mundo de Alfred Binet     

Gilbert Voyat 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(22):109-114

RESUMEN

Este artículo se centra en la figura de Binet, llamado por algunos autores padre de la psicología experimental. Aunque tradicionalmente se asocia a Binet con la medición del CI, sus trabajos se extendieron por muchas áreas. Se destacan sus importantes aportaciones a la psicología experimental, a la psicología diferencial y a la psicología de la educación. Su gran cantidad de publicaciones nos muestran la energía creativa de Binet y su vinculación con un gran número de disciplinas científicas.  相似文献   

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A SEXUAL ACTUALIZATION MEASURING INSTRUMENT FOR THE ELDERLY     

Maxime Gagnon  Réjean Hébert  Gilbert Leclerc  Richard Lefrançois 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(7):621-633

The objective of this study was to develop a measuring instrument for assessing sexual actualization of the elderly and test some of its metrological properties. The assistance of experts on sexology, gerontology, and the actualization of potential was required. The questionnaire was sent twice, at a 2-week interval, to individuals who showed an interest in the study. Of the 115 people who answered the questionnaire, 52 were women, with a mean age of 67.3, and 63 were men, with a mean age of 68.9. The results show good temporal stability (intraclass correlation coefficient =.89) and strong internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha =.97). Two construct validity studies were conducted. The first consisted in comparing the Sexual Actualization Questionnaire (SAQ) and a general well-being scale; no significant relationship was found (r =.07; p =.41). However, the results of the second study, which compared the SAQ scores of the senior individuals who had been sexually active with those who had not, were significant (p <.05).  相似文献   

Children's Attitudes Toward Older Adults and Aging: A Synthesis of Research     

Cara N. Gilbert  Kristina G. Ricketts 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(7):570-586

This paper serves as a summation of literature on children's attitudes toward older adults and aging. Research indicates that the vast amount of information available provides varying levels of understanding toward children's actual views of older adults. Differences between measurements, settings, and procedures stand as barriers in cross-comparison of studies and findings. There is a need for early aging education and as well as consistent research methods.  相似文献   

Judgment     

Gilbert Thomas 《The Educational forum》2013,77(4)

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Psychology and the Superior Athlete by Miroslav Vanek and Bryant J. Cratty. Toronto,Ontario: Collier-Macmillan Canada,Ltd., 1970. 212 pp. $6.95.     

Gilbert Sax 《The Educational forum》2013,77(4):555-556

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Epistemological resources for thought experimentation in science learning     

Miriam Reiner  John Gilbert 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(5):489-506

Thought Experiments (TEs) are reasoning processes that are based on 'results' of an experiment carried out in thought. What is the validity of an experiment- that has not been actually executed- for knowledge about the physical world? What are the features that make it distinctive and how do we integrate it into learning environments to support such thought processes? This study suggests that a thought experiment draws on three epistemological resources: conceptual-logical inferences, visual imagery and bodily-motor experience. We start by stating how students' TEs are related to recent research on learning science and then proceed to describe the nature of TEs. The central part of the paper deals with cognitive theories and empirical examples of visual imagery and bodily imagery. It also deals with how these enable implicit knowledge about the world to be retrieved. Students may have, but are not aware of, such knowledge for it is hidden when learning is only based on formal representations. We show that imagination is structured, goal-oriented, based on prior experiential imagery and internally coherent. Students can, for example, mentally rotate objects at constant velocity. Students can 'zoom in and out' to inspect imaginary situations, transfer objects, predict paths of imaginary moving objects and imagine the impact of forces on mechanical systems. We show that the TEs are powerful because of these capabilities. We further claim that these are not exploited by school learning environments and offer a first step towards understanding imagery in science learning.  相似文献   

Electromyographic analysis of exercise resulting in symptoms of muscle damage     

Malachy P. McHugh  Declan A. J. Connolly  Roger G. Eston  Gilbert W. Gleim 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(3):163-172

Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from the hamstring muscles during six sets of submaximal isokinetic (2.6 rad s -1 ) eccentric (11 men, 9 women) or concentric (6 men, 4 women) contractions. The EMG per unit torque increased during eccentric (P < 0.01) but not during concentric exercise. Similarly, the median frequency increased during eccentric (P < 0.01) but not during concentric exercise. The EMG per unit torque was lower for submaximal eccentric than maximum isometric contractions (P < 0.001), and lower for submaximal concentric than maximum isometric contractions (P < 0.01). The EMG per unit torque was lower for eccentric than concentric contractions (P < 0.05). The median frequency was higher for submaximal eccentric than maximum isometric contractions (P < 0.001); it was similar, however, between submaximal concentric and maximum isometric contractions (P = 0.07). Eccentric exercise resulted in significant isometric strength loss (P < 0.01), pain (P < 0.01) and muscle tenderness (P < 0.05). The greatest strength loss was seen 1 day after eccentric exercise, while the most severe pain and muscle tenderness occurred 2 days after eccentric exercise. A lower EMG per unit torque is consistent with the selective recruitment of a small number of motor units during eccentric exercise. A higher median frequency during eccentric contractions may be explained by selective recruitment of fast-twitch motor units. The present results are consistent with the theory that muscle damage results from excessive stress on a small number of active fibres during eccentric contractions.  相似文献   

Submaximal Treadmill Exercise Test to Predict VO2max in Fit Adults     

Pat R. Vehrs  James D. George  Gilbert W. Fellingham  Sharon A. Plowman  Kymberli Dustman-Allen 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2013,17(2):61-72

This study was designed to develop a single-stage submaximal treadmill jogging (TMJ) test to predict VO₂max in fit adults. Participants (N?=?400; men?=?250 and women?=?150), ages 18 to 40 years, successfully completed a maximal graded exercise test (GXT) at 1 of 3 laboratories to determine VO₂max. The TMJ test was completed during the first 2 stages of the GXT. Following 3 min of walking (Stage 1), participants achieved a steady-state heart rate (HR) while exercising at a comfortable self-selected submaximal jogging speed at level grade (Stage 2). Gender, age, body mass, steady-state HR, and jogging speed (mph) were included as independent variables in the following multiple linear regression model to predict VO₂max (R?=?0.91, standard error of estimate [SEE]?=?2.52 mL?·?kg^?1?·?min^?1): VO₂max (mL?·?kg^?1?·?min^?1)?=?58.687?+?(7.520 × Gender; 0?=?woman and 1?=?man)?+?(4.334 × mph) ? (0.211 × kg) ? (0.148 × HR) ? (0.107 × Age). Based on the predicted residual sum of squares (PRESS) statistics (R_PRESS?=?0.91, SEE _PRESS?=?2.54 mL?·?kg^?1?·?min^?1) and small total error (TE; 2.50 mL?·?kg^?1?·?min^?1; 5.3% of VO₂max) and constant error (CE; ?0.008 mL?·?kg^?1?·?min^?1) terms, this new prediction equation displays minimal shrinkage. It should also demonstrate similar accuracy when it is applied to other samples that include participants of comparable age, body mass, and aerobic fitness level. This simple TMJ test and its corresponding regression model provides a relatively safe, convenient, and accurate way to predict VO₂max in fit adults, ages 18 to 40 years.  相似文献   

Validity of Alternative Cut-Off Scores for the Back-Saver Sit and Reach Test     

Marilyn A. Looney  Jennie Gilbert 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2013,17(4):268-283

The purpose of the study was to determine if currently used FITNESSGRAM® cut-off scores for the Back Saver Sit and Reach Test had the best criterion-referenced validity evidence for 6–12 year old children. Secondary analyses of an existing data set focused on the passive straight leg raise and Back Saver Sit and Reach Test flexibility scores of 87 boys and 91 girls. The reliability and validity evidence was determined for Back Saver Sit and Reach Test cut-off scores of 7, 8, 9, and 10 inches for the boys and girls separately. Reliability evidence for passive straight leg raise and all Back Saver Sit and Reach Test cut-off scores was good to excellent. The most valid cut-off scores had the highest proportion of correct decisions associated with sensitivity ≥.67, and false-positive rate ≤.24. Based on moderate validity evidence, the best Back Saver Sit and Reach Test cut-off scores for 6–12 year olds are 8 and 9 inches for boys and girls, respectively. These findings should be cross-validated with other samples.  相似文献   

The Off — Campus Practicum     

James C. Hansen  Gilbert D. Moore 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1966,6(1):32-39

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