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Much research into doctoral student-supervisor relations focuses on developing positive interactions. For many students, however, the research experience can be troubled by breakdowns in communication and even the loss of the supervisor(s), turning the student into a doctoral ‘orphan’ and impacting on their academic identity and ability and confidence in producing a sound doctoral-level contribution to knowledge. Our work with a range of UK- and internationally-based doctoral students looks specifically at reasons for supervisor loss and/or absence and the students' experience of being doctoral ‘orphans’ in terms of identity, confidence and progress. In focusing on those who achieve successful completion, it suggests the need for institutional and community support and highlights the development of effective strategies leading to ownership, empowerment and emotional resilience. 相似文献
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An experiment (N = 272) demonstrated that disagreement—either civil or uncivil—may have a chilling effect on the public discourse vital to a deliberative democracy. Both forms of disagreement—in comments posted on a news story about abortion—caused negative emotion and aggressive intentions. However, only uncivil disagreement led people to respond back uncivilly and indirectly led to greater intention to participate politically, if it aroused aggressive feelings. Findings support extending face and politeness theories to the computer-mediated space of online commenting. Results are discussed in relation to the impact on the public discourse. 相似文献
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Jeannette Mancilla-Martinez Michael J. Kieffer Gina Biancarosa Joanna A. Christodoulou Catherine E. Snow 《Reading and writing》2011,24(3):339-354
The development of reading skills in language minority (LM) learners, particularly during the middle school years, remains
unclear despite the increasing need for educators to serve this rapidly growing population. In this study, the English reading
comprehension growth of middle school LM learners was investigated using a longitudinal design and the simple view of reading
as a theoretical framework. Students were assessed at four time points between fifth and seventh grades on standardized measures
of listening comprehension, word reading, and reading comprehension. Individual growth modeling revealed that both listening
comprehension and word reading assessed in fifth grade predicted the elevation of students’ developmental trajectories in
reading comprehension. However, neither skill predicted students’ growth in reading comprehension, and there was no significant
variation across children in growth rates, indicating that students in seventh grade remained on a trajectory established
in fifth grade. The implications of the slowing rate of reading comprehension development during the middle school years are
discussed. 相似文献
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Language, social behavior, and the quality of friendships in adolescents with and without a history of specific language impairment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Language is drawn on extensively in friendships but has received scant attention in the developmental literature. This study compared friendship quality in 16-year-old adolescents with and without specific language impairment (SLI), testing the extent it is predicted by individual differences in social behaviors and language ability. Participants were 120 adolescents with SLI and 118 typically developing (TD) adolescents. After considering the effects of nonverbal IQ and prosocial and difficult behavior, language measures were found to be associated with friendship quality. The TD participants enjoyed normal friendships, whereas the participants with SLI were more likely to exhibit poorer quality (although 60% experienced good quality of friendships). Longitudinal analyses identified early language difficulties as predictive of poorer friendship quality in adolescence. 相似文献
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Kimberly A Galt Ann M Rule Bruce Houghton Daniel O Young Gina Remington 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2005,93(2):229-236
OBJECTIVES: This study compared the potential for personal digital assistant (PDA)-based drug information sources to minimize potential medication errors dependent on accurate and complete drug information at the point of care. METHODS: A quality and safety framework for drug information resources was developed to evaluate 11 PDA-based drug information sources. Three drug information sources met the criteria of the framework: Eprocrates Rx Pro, Lexi-Drugs, and mobileMICROMEDEX. Medication error types related to drug information at the point of care were then determined. Forty-seven questions were developed to test the potential of the sources to prevent these error types. Pharmacists and physician experts from Creighton University created these questions based on the most common types of questions asked by primary care providers. Three physicians evaluated the drug information sources, rating the source for each question: 1=no information available, 2=some information available, or 3 = adequate amount of information available. RESULTS: The mean ratings for the drug information sources were: 2.0 (Eprocrates Rx Pro), 2.5 (Lexi-Drugs), and 2.03 (mobileMICROMEDEX). Lexi-Drugs was significantly better (mobileMICROMEDEX t test; P=0.05; Eprocrates Rx Pro t test; P=0.01). CONCLUSION: Lexi-Drugs was found to be the most specific and complete PDA resource available to optimize medication safety by reducing potential errors associated with drug information. No resource was sufficient to address the patient safety information needs for all cases. 相似文献
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