Building Better Communities for Children: Community Implementation and Evaluation of the Australian Early Development Index   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mary Sayers  Melissa Coutts  Sharon Goldfeld  Frank Oberklaid  Sally Brinkman  Sven Silburn 《Early education and development》2007,18(3):519-534

Since 2004 the Australian Early Development Index (AEDI) has been completed in 54 Australian communities over seven states and territories on more than 30,000 children. A concurrent systematic evaluation of community implementation and use of the AEDI was undertaken that included both a process and impact component. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the evaluation findings between 2004 and 2006. Results have shown there are a number of barriers and facilitators for communities in implementing the AEDI, disseminating results, and planning for community actions. The evaluation findings indicate AEDI implementation helps raise awareness of the importance of early childhood development, assists communities to work more collaboratively and to strategically plan actions to work towards improving outcomes for children.  相似文献   

Use of the semantic differential technique to study attitudes during classroom lessons     

Glen T. Evans 《Interchange》1970,1(4):96-106

The use of semantic differential scales to detect attitude change and differences in attitudes in classroom lessons was studied with regard to semantic dimensions, reliability of scales, sensitivity, and construct validity. Two lessons in mathematics differing in terms of intrinsic interest were designed for each of two Grade 8 and two Grade 12 classes. The lessons were monitored at three points by use of semantic differential ratings. Additional ratings were used to provide information on reliability. In addition to factors similar to evaluation, activity, and potency, a general factor of affect was found. Composite scales proved to have adequate reliability for these subjects, and were sensitive to attitude changes that accompanied the lessons. The data were interpreted as supporting the construct validity of the composite scales, particularly the general affect factor.

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Résumé L'auteur a étudié l'emploi de l'échelle de la différentielle sémantique pour découvrir des changements d'attitudes et des différences d'attitudes dans la classe par rapport aux dimensions sémantiques, à la valeur opérationnelle des échelles, a la sensibilité, et à la validité des constructions. Deux leçons de mathématiques différentes dans leur intérêt intrinsèque ont été développées pour deux classes de 8ème année et deux classes de 12ème année. On a étudié les leçons à trois phases différentes en employant la différentielle sémantique. D'autres évaluations ont fourni des renseignements sur la valeur effective des méthodes. Outre les facteurs comme l'évaluation, l'activité, et la puissance, on a trouvé le facteur général de l'émotion. Les échelles composées ont été appropriées pour ces sujets et ont été sensibles aux changements d'attitudes qui avaient lieu pendant les leçons. Les données ont soutenu la validité des constructions des échelles composées, en particulier le facteur général de l'émotion.

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OISE

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The author expresses his thanks to Mr. John McLaren of OISE for his invaluable assistance in this work.  相似文献   

Reciprocal influences between stressful life events and adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems     

Kim KJ  Conger RD  Elder GH  Lorenz FO 《Child development》2003,74(1):127-143

Investigated in this study were hypothesized reciprocal influences between stressful life events and adolescent maladjustment using data from a 6-year, prospective longitudinal study. Stressful life experiences, internalizing symptoms, and externalizing behaviors were assessed for a sample of adolescents (215 males, 236 females) living in the rural Midwest. From 7th to 12th grades, autoregressive analyses showed that stressful life events and these two forms of maladjustment were reciprocally interrelated over time. For example, stressful life events at one point significantly predicted delinquent behaviors 1 year later, which, in turn, significantly predicted stressful life events 1 year later, and vice versa. The findings provide evidence for the accumulating disadvantage for adolescents that results from the mutual reinforcement of problematic situations and adjustment problems over time.  相似文献   

Spatial ability,visual imagery,and mathematical performance   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

Glen Lean  M. A. Clements 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1981,12(3):267-299

116 Foundation Year Engineering Students, at the University of Technology, Lae, Papua New Guinea, were given a battery of mathematical and spatial tests; in addition, their preferred modes of processing mathematical information were determined by means of an instrument recently developed in Australia by Suwarsono.Correlational analysis revealed that students who preferred to process mathematical information by verbal-logical means tended to outperform more visual students on mathematical tests. Multiple regression and factor analyses pointed to the existence of a distinct cognitive trait associated with the processing of mathematical information. Also, spatial ability and knowledge of spatial conventions had less influence on mathematical performance than could have been expected from recent relevant literature.  相似文献   

The Many Turnings of Agricultural Extension in Australia     

Warren Hunt  Colin Birch  Jeff Coutts  Frank Vanclay 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(1):9-26

Abstract

Purpose: This article outlines the development of extension as a discipline in Australia, its organization, and the ideological changes that have occurred from the second half of the nineteenth century through to the present.

Design/Methodology/Approach: It considers the evolution of extension across the different states of Australia from a national perspective and describes how the research development and extension (RD&E) complex has rotated through cycles of crises, highs, awakenings in thought and practice, and periods where achievements and institutions unravel.

Findings: Discussed is the tension between public and private sector extension, as well as the successes and failures of various paradigms. It considers the impacts of different agricultural policy on Australian agricultural RD&E across the decades. In particular it deals with the current ‘unravelling’ of the agricultural RD&E system in Australia, and tries to anticipate future demands on agricultural extension and how these services might be delivered into the future.

Practical Implications: The article challenges the reader to consider the discipline of extension as a subset of the greater society in which it exists. It provides an insight into how the agricultural research, development and extension capacity of a nation can be observed to ebb and flow over generations in accord with the rhythm of society.

Originality/Value: The article presents a perspective that has not been fully captured or understood until now.  相似文献   

The Teacher Education Internet Server: an evolving resource for educators     

Bernard Robin  Glen Bull  Gina Bull  Perry Willis 《Technology, Pedagogy and Education》2013,22(2):253-259

ABSTRACT

The Society for Information Technology and Teacher Education (SITE) is an international organization of teacher educators from all disciplines who are interested in the creation and dissemination of knowledge about the use of information technology in teacher education. The Teacher Education Internet Server (TEIS) has been established by SITE to support professional interchange and academic discourse and will serve as a complement to traditional ways of sharing academic information such as professional journals and conferences. With the evolution and spread of Internet information servers, it is envisioned that TEIS may make worthwhile contributions to use of technology in teacher education. As telecommunications technologies evolve, from FTP to Gopher to the World Wide Web, a major challenge for TEIS remains: to develop guidelines for collaboration at a distance that allow educators from around the world to work together to identify, acquire, and organize information and related materials. The notion of volunteer ‘curators’ for different academic areas is being explored as one possible method for support of such collaboration. It is hoped that the Teacher Education Internet Server will become a useful resource for those integrating technology into teacher education, allowing educators throughout the world to share their work and ideas with their colleagues.  相似文献   

More human than human? Artificial intelligence in the archive     

Gregory Rolan  Glen Humphries  Lisa Jeffrey  Evanthia Samaras  Tatiana Antsoupova  Katharine Stuart 《档案与原稿》2013,41(2):179-203

ABSTRACT

Not a day appears to go by without breaking news of some Artificial Intelligence (AI) advance that seemingly has the potential to transform our lives. As recordkeeping professionals, we can very well ask, ‘What about us?’ Where is the AI or automation to help us with our classification, appraisal and disposal work? If we are to meet the challenges of managing records in the digital age, such technology – together with appropriate skills and knowledge – will be necessary. How can AI automate our digital recordkeeping and archive work? In this article, the authors provide a snapshot of the practice of AI in Australian recordkeeping. What is the reality versus the hype of such technology, and what is actually being done now? In answering these questions, they first provide a brief introduction into AI techniques and their characteristics in relation to recordkeeping work. They then introduce four case studies from Australian archival and government institutions that have embarked on AI initiatives. In each case, they provide an overview of the project in terms of requirements, activities to date, outcomes and futures. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons learnt, issues and implications of AI in the archive.  相似文献   

Hydration,sweat and thermoregulatory responses to professional football training in the heat     

Rob Duffield  Allan McCall  Aaron James Coutts 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(10):957-965

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between intensity of training and changes in hydration status, core temperature, sweat rate and composition and fluid balance in professional football players training in the heat. Thirteen professional football players completed three training sessions; “higher-intensity” (140 min; HI₁₄₀), “lower-intensity” (120 min; LI₁₂₀) and “game-simulation” (100 min; GS₁₀₀). Movement demands were measured by Global Positioning System, sweat rate and concentration were determined from dermal patches and body mass change. Despite similar environmental conditions (26.9 ± 0.1°C and 65.0 ± 7.0% relative humidity [Rh]), higher relative speeds (m · min^?1) and increased perceptions of effort and thermal strain were observed in HI₁₄₀ and GS₁₀₀ compared with LI₁₂₀ (P < 0.05). Significantly (P < 0.05) greater sweat rate (L · h^?1) and electrolyte losses (g) were observed in HI₁₄₀ and GS₁₀₀ compared with LI₁₂₀. Rate of rise in core temperature was correlated with mean speed (r = 0.85), session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) (r = 0.61), loss of potassium (K⁺) (r = 0.51) sweat rate (r = 0.49), and total sweat loss (r = 0.53), with mean speed the strongest predictor. Sodium (Na⁺) (r = 0.39) and K⁺ (r = 0.50) losses were associated with total distance covered. In hot conditions, individualised rehydration practices should be adopted following football training to account for differences in sweat rate and electrolyte losses in response to intensity and overall activity within a session.  相似文献   

Relative age effects in Australian Football League National Draftees     

Aaron J. Coutts  Thomas Kempton  Roel Vaeyens 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):623-628

Abstract

This study examined the birth distribution for adolescent (i.e. <20 years) and mature age players (i.e. ≥20 years) selected in the Australian Football League (AFL) National Draft between 2001 and 2012. Birth-date information was accessed for all first time AFL national draftees and players were then classified as either adolescent (N = 736) or mature age (N = 70) draftees. Chi-squared analysis showed a clear bias in the birth distribution of adolescent draftees towards players born in the first part of the classification period for both quartile (P < 0.001) and half-year (P < 0.001) compared to the Australian national population. There was a reverse relative age effect (RAE) for mature age draftees, with a significant bias towards players born in the latter part of the selection period for both quartile (P = 0.047) and half-year (P = 0.028) compared to the Australian national population. The selection bias towards relatively older players in adolescent AFL draftees may be related to advanced physical and psychological maturity, and exposure to higher-level coaching compared to their younger counterparts. The reverse RAE in mature age draftees is a novel finding and supports the need for strategies to encourage continued participation pathways for talented Australian football players born later in the selection year.  相似文献   

Cardiorespiratory and Perceptual Responses to Arm Crank and Wheelchair Exercise Using Various Handrims in Male Paraplegics     

G. William Gayle PhD  Roberta L. Pohlman  Roger M. Glaser  Glen M. Davis 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):224-232

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of 10-in [025–m] versus 16-in [0.41-m] wheelchair handrims on cardiorespiratory and psychophysiological exercise responses during wheelchair propulsion at selected velocities. Fifteen male paraplegics (27.0 ± 5.5 yrs) performed three discontinuous exercise tests (ACE = arm crank ergometer; WERG = wheelchair roller ergometer) and two 1600-m performance-based track trials (TRACK) under simulated race conditions. There were no significant differences in HR, VO₂, V_E, HLa, or category-ratio ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) using different handrims during wheelchair propulsion at 4 km-h¹. In contrast, at 8 km-h^?1 subjects demonstrated a 13% lower steady state VO₂ (p < .05) using the 10-in handrims, coincident with a 23% lower V_E Steady state HR during WERG at 8 km-h^?1 using the 10-in (124.4 ± 39 b.min^?1) or 16-in (130.6 ± 4.6 b.min^?1) handrims were not significantly different. There were also no significant differences between ACE or WERG conditions during maximal effort for VO₂ or V_E. However, HRpeak during ACE was 7% higher than HRpeak during WERG16 (183 ± 15 b.min^?1 vs. 171 ± 12 b.min^?1, p < .05), and whole blood HLa during ACE was also significantly higher (by 2.3-2.5 mmol; p < .05) compared to WERG. There were no significant differences for HR, performance time, or RPE between trials using different handrim diameters during the 1600-m event. In contrast, HLa was significantly lower using smaller handrims (9.9 mmol) compared with larger handrims (11.3 mmol), paralleling a similar difference in the laboratory. Although these data demonstrated few significant differences of physiologic responses between trials using different handrims, there was a tendency for a lower metabolic stress using the smaller handrims.  相似文献