Strength vs. temporal-order information in delayed-matching-to-sample performance by monkeys     

Thomas J. Reynolds  Douglas L. Medin 《Learning & behavior》1979,7(3):294-300

The usual procedure in delayed-matching-to-sample (DMTS) experiments is that the most recently presented sample stimulus is correct on choice tests. The present paper reports two experments in which the first of two samples was always correct. Theories based on trace strength, such as the Roberts and Grant trace strength competition model, predict that such a procedure will yield below chance performance, because on the average the more recently presented stimulus will have the greater trace strength. In contrast, D’Amato and others have proposed that DMTS performance is mediated by a temporal discrimination process and, since either stimulus may act as S+ in a discrimination problem, monkeys should be capable of learning to choose either the secondor the first of two sample stimuli. Performance did not exceed chance in either experiment. The generality of these results is tentatively explored.  相似文献   

Action research: a methodology for transformative learning for a professor and his students in an engineering classroom     

Jillian Seniuk Cicek  Sandra Ingram  Marcia Friesen  Douglas Ruth 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2019,44(1-2):49-70

ABSTRACT

An engineering professor of a first-year thermodynamics course and a PhD student with a focus in engineering education in a large research university in Canada participated in an ethnographic action research study with the intention of increasing active learning in the classroom to enhance student engagement and learning. Unexpected findings included transformative changes to the professor’s epistemology of teaching and learning. Through the action research cycle of planning, implementing, observing, and critically reflecting, modifications were made to the instructional strategies and the learning environment that created a micro engineering community of practice where both students and teaching assistants engaged in deep learning and legitimate peripheral participation on the trajectory to ‘becoming engineers’. Qualitative interview data from the professor, three students, and three teaching assistants are analysed through approaches to learning research and situated learning theory. Engaging in action research had profound repercussions in this case. The authors make the argument for action research as a catalyst for transformative learning required for teachers to engage students in the twenty-first century classroom.  相似文献   

The level of abstraction of textual materials: a new and an old measure compared     

Douglas P. Newton 《Journal of Research in Reading》1992,15(2):117-119

The level of abstraction of textual material is one factor affecting the difficulty it presents to the reader and so effective ways of assessing it are potentially useful for the teacher and researcher. A ‘new’ measure was compared with an old one and some similarity found in their assessment of science texts. The earlier measure may be the easier one for the non-specialist to use. The results also suggested a rule of thumb which practising teachers might find useful.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Renate Nestvogel  Harold J. Noah  Sixten Marklund  Richard Noonan  John Nisbet  Desmond J. Keegan  Jeremy Greenland  Robert G. Thomas  Douglas Thom  Mina J. Moore-Rinvolucri  Wolfgang Tietze  A. Harry Passow  Michael A. White  D. S. Anderson  Philip G. Altbach  R. Gardner  Bogdan Suchodolski  Malcolm Rosier  Ronald H. Wilson  David H. Partington 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1983,29(4):493-521

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Do NESB University Students with Poor English Skills Make Rapid Linguistic Gains in Mainstream Studies?     

Douglas Farnill  Susan Hayes 《高等教育研究与发展》1996,15(2):261-268

This paper reports the testing and retesting two years later of 147 first‐year medical students for English language proficiency (ELP). A group of 66 with low initial proficiency, all of non‐English‐speaking background (NESB), improved from an average language age of 14.3 years to 15.2 years over the period. A comparison group of 81, randomly drawn from those who were of adequate ELP, 48% of whom were NESB, were close to the test ceiling on both occasions with an age equivalence of 33 years. Generalisation to other courses and samples may be limited but this study did not indicate great linguistic gains associated with mainstream studies for those whose English was poor at the beginning of their course.  相似文献   

Handling missing data: analysis of a challenging data set using multiple imputation     

Maria Pampaka  Graeme Hutcheson  Julian Williams 《International Journal of Research & Method in Education》2016,39(1):19-37

Missing data is endemic in much educational research. However, practices such as step-wise regression common in the educational research literature have been shown to be dangerous when significant data are missing, and multiple imputation (MI) is generally recommended by statisticians. In this paper, we provide a review of these advances and their implications for educational research. We illustrate the issues with an educational, longitudinal survey in which missing data was significant, but for which we were able to collect much of these missing data through subsequent data collection. We thus compare methods, that is, step-wise regression (basically ignoring the missing data) and MI models, with the model from the actual enhanced sample. The value of MI is discussed and the risks involved in ignoring missing data are considered. Implications for research practice are discussed.  相似文献   

Stress Reactivity and Self-Recognition   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Michael Lewis  Douglas S. Ramsay 《Child development》1997,68(4):621-629

This study examined longitudinally whether early differences in reactivity to stress are related to self-recognition at 18 months of age. Adrenocortical and behavioral to Stress responses to routine inoculation at 2, and 4 months and at 6 and 18 months were obtained. Previous finding indicated a development shift in adrenocortical functioning by 6 months of age that included the emergence of stable individual differences in cortisol response from this point in development. Self-recognition was related to greater cortisol response and less rapid quieting at 6 to 18 months, whereas 2- to 4-month cortisol and quieting response did not differentiate self-recognizers and non-self-recognizators. These findings indicate a role for temperament differences in facilitating the emergence of self-recognition.  相似文献   

Unraveling the mystery of parents' work     

Nancy L. Jacobs  Tomasita M. Chandler  Douglas R. Hausknecht 《Early Childhood Education Journal》1996,24(1):61-64

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Lawson's Shoehorn, or Should the Philosophy of Science Be Rated ‘X’?     

Douglas Allchin 《Science & Education》2003,12(3):315-329

Lawson's (2002) interpretations of Galileo's discovery of the moons of Jupiter and other cases exhibit several historical errors, addressed here both specifically and generally. They illustrate how philosophical preconceptions can distort history and thus lessons about the nature of science.  相似文献   

Novice Supervisees' Self‐Evaluations and Their Perceptions of Supervisor Style     

Robbie J. Steward  Alfiee Breland  Douglas M. Neil 《Counselor Education & Supervision》2001,41(2):131-141

Multiple regression analyses of data obtained for 36 counseling supervision dyads indicated that attractiveness, an aspect of supervisory style, was negatively associated with supervisees' self‐evaluations and positively associated with the difference between trainees' and supervisors' evaluations of counseling competence at the end of the 1st practicum experience. Supervisors' interpersonal sensitivity and task orientation were not found to contribute significantly to either of the criterion variables.  相似文献