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Michael Grahame Moore 《The American journal of distance education》2013,27(2):75-76
Distance Education in Canada Edited by Ian Mugridge and David Kaufman. (Beckenham, Kent: Croom Helm, 1986. 317 pp.) Teaching Telecourses: Opportunities and Options, A FACULTY HANDBOOK by Toby K. Levine. 相似文献
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The influence of test-trial delay of CS onset in obtaining response summation of an excitatory CS and an independently conditioned context was investigated. Water-deprived rats were given tone-shock and click-shock pairings in the training context and unsignaled footshocks in the test context. Durations of lick suppression in response to the tone (Test 1) and the click (Test 2) were then assessed in the test context. Licking was more suppressed when CS onset occurred early in the test session (e.g., 0 sec) than when it occurred later in the test session (e.g., 300 sec). The results from control groups that had received shock in an irrelevant context rather than the test context indicated that this effect was due to fear of the test context rather than diffuse, nonassociative fear. With onset of the clicks early in the test session on the second test day, response summation of the test context with the clicks was observed. This suggests that appreciable spontaneous recovery had occurred from any test-context extinction that took place on the first test day. We conclude that early onset of the CS on the test trial favors response summation of CSs and test context. 相似文献
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Philip L. Dawes Don Y. Lee Grahame R. Dowling 《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》1999,10(2):377
In this paper, we examine how individuals vary in their ability to control informal information during the purchasing process for an expensive complex technological product in the information technology area. As part of this research process, we use sociometric data from 41 firms to test a structural model of the effects that network heterogeneity and three organizational structure variables have on this type of information control. As hypothesized, increased network heterogeneity reduces an individual's ability to control informal information. Moreover, the structural variables of decentralization, formalization, and spatial differentiation are shown to affect informal information control in the predicted manner. Importantly, we also show that formalization and spatial differentiation affect network heterogeneity. Decentralization, however, was not found to be related to network heterogeneity. 相似文献
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Water-deprived rats served in seven conditioned lick suppression experiments designed to assess the effects on responding to a target CS of a series of unsignaled USs given in the training context following completion of CS training. Such treatment has been hypothesized to increase (inflate) the associative strength of the background cues from training (putatively, the CS’s comparator stimuli), thereby reducing responding to excitatory CSs and increasing the inhibitory potential of inhibitory CSs. Although posttraining extinction (deflation) of the CS’s comparator stimuli usually decreases inhibitory potential and increases excitatory potential of the target CS, posttraining inflation of the comparator stimuli had no effect on either excitatory responding to the target CS or summation test performance indicative of conditioned inhibition. This outcome was consistently obtained across a number of training, inflation, and test conditions selected to maximize sensitivity to any possible effects of comparator inflation. Implications of these null results for the comparator hypothesis of conditionedresponse generationare discussed. 相似文献