Sexual, physical, verbal/emotional abuse and unexplained chest pain     

Eslick GD  Koloski NA  Talley NJ 《Child abuse & neglect》2011,35(8):601-605

Objectives

Approximately one third of patients with non cardiac chest pain (NCCP) report a history of abuse, however no data exists on the prevalence of abuse among people with unexplained chest pain in the general population. We aimed to determine if there is a relationship between childhood sexual, physical, emotional abuse and unexplained chest pain, and to identify whether any potential relationship is being driven by an association with psychological distress.

Methods

Subjects were identified from 2 previous random population surveys that included people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and/or functional dyspepsia (FD) and healthy controls. People in the unexplained chest pain group (n = 27) had chest pain in the past 12 months that was not heartburn or heart disease. People in the comparison group (n = 60) did not have chest pain for more than 12 months. Self-reported abuse and psychological variables were assessed using validated measures.

Results

Emotional/verbal abuse (20.8% versus 4.4%, P = 0.032) and physical abuse (16.7% versus 2.2%, P = 0.028) were significantly more common in people with unexplained chest pain versus the comparison group. Only a history of emotional/verbal abuse was a significant independent predictor of meeting criteria for unexplained chest pain (OR = 5.66; 95%CI 1.01–31.80, P = 0.049) even after controlling for IBS and/or FD (OR = 5.45; 95%CI 0.96–30.83, P = .05), but not when depression was controlled for (OR = 4.70; 95%CI 0.90–27.61), P = 0.08.

Conclusions

A history of childhood emotional/verbal abuse is a risk factor for having unexplained chest pain but the association may be moderated by psychological distress, specifically depression.  相似文献   

An international online survey of the practices and perceptions of higher education professors with respect to the assessment of learning in the classroom     

Jean‐Luc Gilles  Pascal Detroz  Jean‐Guy Blais 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2011,36(6):719-733

In a context where public action must demonstrate its effectiveness and efficiency, and where the links between teaching and the quality of learning are regularly highlighted, it seems relevant to identify the trends and logic that govern university professors’ decisions with respect to the modes of learning assessment favoured within the framework of their delivery of teaching services. Moreover, given that university teaching practices are changing rapidly due to the introduction of different views of the learning process, one might conclude that the same holds for assessment practices. Through our research work, we led to the development of a trilingual (English, French and Spanish) online survey devoted to an international investigation into the classroom assessment practices of higher education teachers. This survey proposes an online platform that will allow institutions of higher learning to document some of their current practices and to compare observed trends with what is happening elsewhere, in accordance with differing missions and traditions. These research notes are thus intended to describe the survey itself and to show how the questionnaire and individual items were structured, in addition to providing an overview of treatments within and between institutions that followed the testing.  相似文献   

The professional report in initial teacher training in France     

Guy Lapostolle  Laurence Maurel  Nicole Verney‐Carron 《欧洲师范教育杂志》2007,30(4):383-405

While the IUFM (University Institutes for Teachers' Training) are going to become part of universities, this article questions one of the bases validating the teachers' training: the professional report. This assessment concerns exercising teachers in having a critical mind towards their practical experience, because its purpose is to prepare teachers to adapt to the different types of pupils they are going to teach. This is the reason why the Government can only define this assessment briefly, even if they want to have better control over the teachers' training. To be precise concerning this assessment, the Government has to trust the teachers' trainers' control and the latter are only lightly encouraged. Despite the positive opinion expressed by specialists, this assessment could disappear because the Government favours a training efficient in a short‐term period and ignores the analyses which would take long‐term needs into account.

Alors que les IUFM (Instituts universitaires de formation des maîtres) vont être intégrés à l'université, cet article questionne un des piliers de la validation de la formation des enseignants qui semble être remis en question: l'épreuve du «mémoire professionnel». Cette épreuve a pour but d'exercer les enseignants à porter un regard critique sur leur pratique, car sa finalité est de les préparer à s'adapter à la diversité des publics scolaires qu'ils rencontreront. C'est la raison pour laquelle l'Etat, malgré sa volonté de contrôler davantage la formation des enseignants, ne peut que définir l'épreuve de manière sommaire. Pour la préciser, il doit accorder sa confiance à une régulation effectuée par les formateurs, qu'il n'encourage cependant que modestement. Cette épreuve, malgré le regard positif que les spécialistes portent sur elle, pourrait même disparaître car l'État privilégie les modalités de formation efficaces sur le court terme, en ignorant les analyses qui intégreraient les besoins sur le plus long terme.

Zum Zeitpunkt der Integrierung der Lehrerausbildung des IUFM (Instituts universitaires de formation des maîtres) in die Universität, stellt dieser Artikel stellt das Problem der Anerkennung der Lehrerausbildung und der Lehrerprüfung : die sogenannte “berufliche Diplomarbeit” welche mittlerweile in Frage gestellt wird. Diese Prüfung hat das Ziel den Lehrern zu helfen über ihre Praxis nachzudenken ausüben, und sie auf die Unterschiede des Schülerpublikums vorzubereiten. Aus diesem Grund kann der Staat die Prüfung nur global definieren, auch wenn er die Lehrerausbildung mehr kontrollieren will. Um diese Prüfung klarzustellen, muss der Staat der durchgeführten Regulierung der Dozenten vertrauen, Regulierung die jedoch ganz bescheiden gefördert wird. Trotz dem positifen Ruf dieser Prüfung bei den Späzialisten, wäre es möglich dass sie verlorengeht, denn der Staat bevorzugt eine kurzfristig effektive Ausbildung, und ignoriert die Analyse der langfristige Bedürfnisse.

Mientras los Institutos Universitarios de Formación de los Profesores van a ser integrados en la Universidad, este articulo provoca cuestiones a propósito de un sostén fundamental en la validación de la formación del profesorado : la probatura del ‘alegato profesional’. La finalidad de aquella probatura es que el profesorado se adiestre a volver ojos críticos a su práctica profesional, preparandoles a ajustarse a los varios públicos escolares que van a encontrar. Por ello, con ser acuicioso de controlar todavía mas la formación de los profesores, el Ministerio sólo puede dar una compendiosa definición de aquella probatura. Para determinarla, tiene que esperar en una regulación realizada por el mismo magisterio, mientras que la enfervoriza con poco celo. A pesar del interés que presenta para los especialistas, podría aun desaparecer aquella probatura porque el Estado privilegia modos de formación inmediatamente operativos en vez de tomar en consideración estudios integrando necesidades diuturnas.  相似文献   

First Nations,Métis,and Inuit education: The Alberta initiative for school improvement approach to improve indigenous education in Alberta     

Thelma?M.?GunnEmail author  Guy?Pomahac  Evelyn?Good?Striker  Johnel?Tailfeathers 《Journal of Educational Change》2011,12(3):323-345

The education of minority students is of considerable interest within the literature. Ensuring that all children receive quality programming and that they successfully graduate from school is of concern for parents, educational stakeholders, and society alike. In Canada, the indigenous populations of First Nations, Métis, and Inuit (FNMI) students have fallen significantly short of acceptable graduation rates. In an attempt to address this issue, results from 16 selected projects funded by the Alberta Initiative for School Improvement (AISI) that focused upon FNMI Education will be discussed. A comprehensive review of the projects suggests that by involving Aboriginal parents and Elders in meaningful ways and by focusing upon Aboriginal language, culture, and history not as an “add-on” but an integral part of Canadian history and culture, Aboriginal students are more likely to remain in school.  相似文献   

Strategic motivators and expected benefits from e-commerce in traditional organisations     

Luisa Piris  Guy Fitzgerald  Alan Serrano 《International Journal of Information Management》2004,24(6):489-506

This paper aims to identify the strategic motivators and expected benefits related to the implementation of e-commerce infrastructures in traditional “brick and mortar” organisations. Despite the fact that the clearest benefit from e-commerce might be expected to come from contribution to corporate profits, either from an increase of sales or reduction of costs, but this may not be the case. The literature suggests that there are different ways in which the potential benefits can be assessed. These ways are directly related to the evolution of e-commerce. This research has chosen six representative organisations from different sectors to explore their rationales for their e-commerce strategies. One of the main benefits reported is to increase the focus on the customer and improving internal communications. Additionally, obtaining competitive advantage was found to be a powerful motivator, despite the fact that the recent academic literature suggests that this is very difficult to achieve.  相似文献   

Study of the behaviour of the dielectric constant in Cu,Fe：BaTiO3     

Alioune Ouedraogo  Kalifa Palm  Issaka Ouedraogo  Guy Chanussot 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2008,9(3):429-434

In this work we study the behaviour of the dielectric constant of BaTiO3 single crystals doped with Cu and Fe for different ion percentages, particularly, the influence of these hetemvalent substitutions on the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition whose temperature is found at Tc=120℃ for pure samples. The dielectric constant e in terms of temperature shows that the Curie temperature decreases when the quantity of impurities increases and presents a broadening and flattering of the maximum oft（T） within higher values, with the transition becoming more and more diffuse. It is interesting to have a material with very high permittivity （high-k） because of its capacity to store an important quantity of electric charges. The t anisotropy and the Curie-Weiss law are also verified with a good ratio between the slopes ofε^-l（T） from both sides of the transition, leading to a Curie constant： C= 13 × 10^4 K for BaTiO3：1.6%Fe in the polar phase. BaTiO3 is a displacive ferroelectric going through a first-order phase transition. The substitutions have an effect on the dynamics of the perovskite lattice. They induce charges transfer to Ti and a diminution of elastic forces in BaTiO3. Then we discuss the transition but on the nature of the material. fact that the maximum of permittivity does not depend on the phase  相似文献   

Meeting the expectation of industry: an integrated approach for the teaching of mechanics and electronics to design students     

Guy A. Bingham  Darren J. Southee  Tom Page 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2015,40(4):410-431

This paper examines the traditional engineering-based provision delivered to Product Design and Technology (B.Sc.) undergraduates at the Loughborough Design School and questions its relevancy against the increasing expectations of industry. The paper reviews final-year design projects to understand the level of transference of engineering-based knowledge into design practice and highlights areas of opportunity for improved teaching and learning. The paper discusses the development and implementation of an integrated approach to the teaching of Mechanics and Electronics to formalise and reinforce the key learning process of transference within the design context. The paper concludes with observations from the delivery of this integrated teaching and offers insights from student and academic perspectives for the further improvement of engineering-based teaching and learning.  相似文献   

Is phonology bypassed in normal or dyslexic development?     

Bruce F. Pennington  Dianne L. Lefly  Guy C. Van Orden  Myra O. Bookman  Shelley D. Smith 《Annals of dyslexia》1987,37(1):62-89

A pervasive assumption in most accounts of normal reading and spelling development is that phonological coding is important early in development but is subsequently superseded by faster, orthographic coding which bypasses phonology. We call this assumption, which derives from dual process theory, the developmental bypass hypothesis. The present study tests four specific predictions of the developmental bypass hypothesis by comparing dyslexics and nondyslexics from the same families in a cross-sectional design. The four predictions are: 1) That phonological coding skill develops early in normal readers and soon reaches asymptote, whereas orthographic coding skill has a protracted course of development; 2) that the correlation of adult reading or spelling performance with phonological coding skill is considerably less than the correlation with orthographic coding skill; 3) that dyslexics who are mainly deficient in phonological coding skill should be able to bypass this deficit and eventually close the gap in reading and spelling performance; and 4) that the greatest differences between dyslexics and developmental controls on measures of phonological coding skill should be observed early rather than late in development. None of the four predictions of the developmental bypass hypothesis were upheld. Phonological coding skill continued to develop in nondyslexics until adulthood. It accounted for a substantial (32–53 percent) portion of the variance in reading and spelling performance in adult nondyslexics, whereas orthographic coding skill did not account for a statistically reliable portion of this variance. The dyslexics differed little across age in phonological coding skill, but made linear progress in orthographic coding skill, surpassing spelling-age (SA) controls by adulthood. Nonetheless, they didnot close the gap in reading and spelling performance. Finally, dyslexics were significantly worse than SA (and Reading Age [RA]) controls in phonological coding skill only in adulthood. This research was supported by the following grants to the first author: A NIMH RSDA (MH00419-05) and project grants from NIMH (MH38820-04), NICHD (HD19423-02) and the March of Dimes (12-135). Author Smith’s work was supported by a project grant from NICHD (HD 19423-02).  相似文献   

Digital connections: transforming literacy in the primary school     

Cathy Burnett  Paul Dickinson  Julia Myers  Guy Merchant 《Cambridge Journal of Education》2006,36(1):11-29

Much has been written about the transformative influence of new technology on the school curriculum, but only a small number of studies have focused on the practical implications for primary literacy. The dominant paradigm seems less concerned with transformation, instead favouring a view of ‘technology as enrichment’. This case study examines the possibilities of transformation through an electronically mediated partnership between two primary schools in the North of England. Children's digital texts are analysed alongside interview and observational data in order to document what transformation might look like in practice. The study illustrates how technology can be used to promote new literacy practices in the classroom, through the production of new kinds of texts. It also documents the emergence of peer‐based learning relationships and changing perceptions of the teacher's role.  相似文献   

Back to the future: Or, a view on likely brain teasers with which university management is likely to be faced in aFin de Siècle World     

Guy Neave 《Tertiary Education and Management》1997,3(4):275-283

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