Academic penetration in faculty collective bargaining contracts in higher education     

Gwen B. Williams  Perry A. Zirkel 《Research in higher education》1988,28(1):76-95

The purpose of this research was to analyze faculty collective bargaining contracts at 124 institutions of higher education that had a 10-year history of collective bargaining from 1975 to 1985 to determine if contracts negotiated in 1975 significantly differed from those negotiated in 1985 with regard to 18 selected academic items. Each academic item in both the 1975 and 1985 contracts was coded according to a scaling code with rankings showing the direction of faculty control. The findings revealed that the 1985 contracts contained both an increased number of academic items and an increased level of faculty control over most of those academic items compared with the 1975 contracts.  相似文献   

Historical Statistics     

Gwen Royle 《Teaching Statistics》1992,14(2):18-19

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Encouraging Cream-Skimming and Dreg-Siphoning? Increasing Competition between English HEIs     

Gwen Coates  Nick Adnett 《British Journal of Educational Studies》2003,51(3):202-218

We examine the impact of recent policy on the nature of competition within English higher education (HE) for students. Revisions made to the method of allocating Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) teaching funds and the introduction of performance monitoring and targeted recruitment premiums have changed the incentives facing higher education institutions (HEI)s when designing recruitment strategies. We consider the extent to which the experience of similar market-based reforms on the English secondary schooling system is being replicated in HE. Promoting increased competition by comparison was advocated as a means of stimulating greater allocative, technical and dynamic efficiency in both schools and universities. Similarly, relaxing institutions' capacity constraints and introducing targeted financial incentives have been touted as effective mech-anisms to assist the attainment of policy objectives. However, the experience of market-based reforms of state secondary schooling indicates that dysfunctional responses occur and that the overall impact on market behaviour is more complex than anticipated. We consider whether similar processes are evolving in HE.  相似文献   

Effects of induced orthographic and semantic knowledge on subsequent learning: a test of the partial knowledge hypothesis     

Suzanne Adlof  Gwen Frishkoff  Jennifer Dandy  Charles Perfetti 《Reading and writing》2016,29(3):475-500

Word learning can build the high-quality word representations that support skilled reading and language comprehension. According to the partial knowledge hypothesis, words that are partially known, also known as “frontier words” (Durso & Shore, 1991), may be good targets for instruction precisely because they are already familiar. However, studies investigating this question have produced mixed findings, and individual differences in baseline knowledge have complicated results both within and across studies. We present two studies that took a different approach, controlling both familiarity and the nature of the familiarizing episode. We controlled familiarity with novel words through pre-exposure (“pre-familiarization”) in isolation, to induce form-based familiarity, or in sentences that provided few clues to meaning, to induce partial semantic knowledge. The number of pre-exposures varied (0, 1, or 4). After the pre-familiarization phase, we presented the words in several highly informative sentences to support meaning acquisition. Participants included both adults and typically developing children, ages 9–12. Participants’ self-rated familiarity with target words, and their knowledge of the words’ meanings and orthography were each measured at baseline, immediately after learning, and 1 week later. Orthographic and semantic word learning showed contrasting effects of pre-familiarization. For orthographic learning, it was the number, rather than the type, of pre-familiarizations that mattered most. By contrast, the number of pre-familiarizations had little impact on word semantic learning; further, pre-familiarization in low-constraint sentences did not consistently boost subsequent learning. These findings suggest that familiarity with a word prior to instruction does not necessarily improve word-learning outcomes, and they highlight the importance of repeated exposures to high quality contexts for robust word learning.  相似文献   

‘What's a fixed‐term exclusion,Miss?’ Students' perspectives on a disciplinary inclusion room in England     

Gwen Gilmore 《British Journal of Special Education》2013,40(3):106-113

Marginalised students in education are often formally excluded and further disadvantaged by school disciplinary approaches. This leads to school behaviour codes not being followed by students. This result is often linked to individualised student disciplinary responses. Further, formal student exclusion from schools remains a controversial international practice driven by eclectic government policy. Yet there is limited research on student perspectives within debates on the value of interventions designed to reduce fixed‐term exclusion and promote children's participation in education. This study, by Gwen Gilmore of the College of Education at Victoria University, Melbourne, presents the perspectives of five Year 8 and 9 students who participated in a disciplinary inclusion room designed to reduce fixed‐term exclusion in a secondary school located in England. The research methodology is framed by a cultural historical activity theory approach, and mixed methods reported include document analysis and student interviews. Students stated that the disciplinary inclusion room enabled them to continue their learning and that this discipline model complemented the processes of education. These students' perspectives challenge recent narratives on disciplinary provision and provide possibilities for schools to consider how discipline can be organised towards practices that are more inclusionary and potentially educative.  相似文献   

Library Consortia are Poised to Support Affordable Learning in Higher Education     

Gwen Evans 《图书馆管理杂志》2013,53(7):739-748

Abstract

As the cost of college attendance rises, affordable learning as a concept now encompasses attempts to address sharp increases in the cost of college textbooks for students. Through their expertise and negotiating power, library consortia have a unique opportunity to address textbook affordability in higher education—and OhioLINK is a leading example. It moved into negotiations with the “Big Five” global academic textbook publishers on behalf of its members in late 2017, and by July 2018 it had secured wholesale price agreements with all five: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., McGraw-Hill Education, Pearson, Macmillan Learning and Cengage. In the interest of assisting the library community at large (and college students everywhere), here’s what we’ve learned thus far.  相似文献   

A motivational account of the undergraduate experience in science: brief measures of students’ self-system appraisals,engagement in coursework,and identity as a scientist     

Ellen Skinner  Emily Saxton  Cailin Currie  Gwen Shusterman 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(17):2433-2459

ABSTRACT

As part of long-standing efforts to promote undergraduates’ success in science, researchers have investigated the instructional strategies and motivational factors that promote student learning and persistence in science coursework and majors. This study aimed to create a set of brief measures that educators and researchers can use as tools to examine the undergraduate motivational experience in science classes. To identify key motivational processes, we drew on self-determination theory (SDT), which holds that students have fundamental needs – to feel competent, related, and autonomous – that fuel their intrinsic motivation. When educational experiences meet these needs, students engage more energetically and learn more, cumulatively contributing to a positive identity as a scientist. Based on information provided by 1013 students from 8 classes in biology, chemistry, and physics, we constructed conceptually focused and psychometrically sound survey measures of three sets of motivational factors: (1) students’ appraisals of their own competence, autonomy, and relatedness; (2) the quality of students’ behavioural and emotional engagement in academic work; and (3) students’ emerging identities as scientists, including their science identity, purpose in science, and science career plans. Using an iterative confirmatory process, we tested short item sets for unidimensionality and internal consistency, and then cross-validated them. Tests of measurement invariance showed that scales were generally comparable across disciplines. Most importantly, scales and final course grades showed correlations consistent with predictions from SDT. These measures may provide a window on the student motivational experience for educators, researchers, and interventionists who aim to improve the quality of undergraduate science teaching and learning.  相似文献   

Listening to our clinical colleagues: how are they finding their evidence to support Trust clinical governance?     

Publicover M  Giles G  Bolton B  Shemilt C  Urquhart C 《Health information and libraries journal》2006,23(Z1):57-61

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A Further Problem     

Gwen Royle 《Teaching Statistics》1993,15(2):53-56

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Mind the gap: privileging epistemic access to knowledge in the transition from Leaving Certificate music to higher education     

Gwen Moore 《Irish Educational Studies》2014,33(3):249-268

In recent years, music at Leaving Certificate level has come under increasing focus in media and higher education discourse as an easy option. In particular, scant attention has been paid to the musical knowledge and skills needed in the transition to higher music education within the Irish context. This paper addresses the perceived gap in knowledge through an examination of documents and student and lecturer experiences in higher music education. Findings reveal that students who have access to private music tuition because of their greater cultural, social and economic capital have a distinct advantage in higher education over those who have relied on the state for music education. Moreover, there would appear to be a shift in emphasis from practical to theoretical knowledge in the transition to higher education. More critically, the paper argues for a reappraisal of curriculum and knowledge at both levels in light of the implicit privileging of epistemic access to ‘powerful’ knowledge in private music education.  相似文献