What comes after compulsory education? A follow‐up study on parental expectations of their child’s future education     

Hannu Räty 《Educational studies》2006,32(1):1-16

This paper examines the contribution of parents’ education and children’s gender on parental expectations of their children’s future education and the role of parental perceptions of their child’s competencies in the formation of their expectations. A group of university and vocationally educated parents (N = 418) were asked to estimate the probability of their child entering gymnasium (high school) or vocational education and assess the child’s competencies, first in preschool, and then at the end of the third school year. It was found that the education and gender‐bound differences in the parental expectations were established before the child entered school, and by the end of the third school year the relationships between expectations and competence assessments strengthened and were more uniform among the parents. The findings suggested that the parental assessments of their child’s abilities can be regarded as a potentially important social‐psychological process through which social differences are transformed into the individualized interpretations of the child’s educational prospects.  相似文献   

Seating order as a symbolic arrangement     

Kati Kasanen  Hannu Räty  Leila Snellman 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2001,16(2):209-222

The study set out to explore the bases on which the school assesses pupils’ educability and which show up as pupil categorizations manifested in seating order. The research was carried out with ethnographic methods and focused on the classroom situations of one first-grade class during one autumn term. The points of interest were those changes and episodes in which the seating order organized the action. Four stages was the spontaneous order created by the pupils themselves on their first day of school; the seating order of the other three stages was set up by the teacher on the basis of mixing boys and girls, of reading skills, of settledness, of capability for pair-work, and of “interpersonal chemistry”. It was found that the teacher made an active use of seating order as a pedagogical instrument. The pupils seemed to adopt the classification criteria and used them in their talk, but the application of these criteria, especially gender and interpersonal relations, was a constant source of dispute between the pupils and the teacher. It was concluded that seating order manifests, implements, and conveys to the pupils important symbolic elements of the representation of educability endorsed by the school.  相似文献   

The Role of Social Competence in the Psychological Well-being of Adolescents in Secondary Education     

Leena Holopainen  Kristiina Lappalainen  Niina Junttila  Hannu Savolainen 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(2):199-212

This study examines the relationship between social competence and psychological well-being of adolescents. The role of academic learning disabilities with social competence and psychological well-being was also studied. The sample (n?=?412; 207 girls and 205 boys), one complete age group (mean age 15.5 years), was followed from last year of comprehensive school to their first, second and third year of secondary education in a Finnish city. Psychological well-being is related to increased cooperation skills and decreased levels of impulsivity and disruptiveness. Furthermore, cooperation skills predict the third year psychological well-being, when the strong influence of psychological well-being in the first year was controlled for. Academic learning disabilities (reading and mathematical difficulties) were related neither with psychological well-being nor social competence.  相似文献   

Intention in school choice among Finnish parents     

Hannu Räty 《Educational studies》2013,39(2):219-222

The study explored Finnish parents’ intention in making school choices and the relationship of those intentions to demographic and attitudinal factors. It was found that the great majority of parents had not seriously considered choosing a school other than the neighbouring one. Parents living in urban areas, or those supporting a selective educational policy, or having higher education showed greater interest, while those living in rural areas, or those opposing selectiveness, or having lower education showed less interest.  相似文献   

The effects of skin and core tissue cooling on oxygenation of the vastus lateralis muscle during walking and running     

Dominique D. Gagnon  Juha E. Peltonen  Hannu Rintamäki  Sheila S. Gagnon  Karl-Heinz Herzig  Heikki Kyröläinen 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(20):1995-2004

Skin and core tissue cooling modulates skeletal muscle oxygenation at rest. Whether tissue cooling also influences the skeletal muscle deoxygenation response during exercise is unclear. We evaluated the effects of skin and core tissue cooling on skeletal muscle blood volume and deoxygenation during sustained walking and running. Eleven male participants walked or ran six times on a treadmill for 60 min in ambient temperatures of 22°C (Neutral), 0°C for skin cooling (Cold 1), and at 0°C following a core and skin cooling protocol (Cold 2). Difference between oxy/deoxygenated haemoglobin ([diffHb]: deoxygenation index) and total haemoglobin content ([tHb]: total blood volume) in the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle was measured continuously. During walking, lower [tHb] was observed at 1 min in Cold 1 and Cold 2 vs. Neutral (P?0.05). Lower [diffHb] was seen at 1 and 10 min in Cold 2 vs. Neutral by 13.5 ± 1.2 µM and 15.3 ± 1.4 µM and Cold 1 by 10.4 ± 3.1 µM and 11.1 ± 4.1 µM, respectively (P?0.05). During running, [tHb] was lower in Cold 2 vs. Neutral at 10 min only (P = 0.004). [diffHb] was lower at 1 min in Cold 2 by 11.3 ± 3.1 µM compared to Neutral and by 13.5 ± 2.8 µM compared to Cold 1 (P?0.001). Core tissue cooling, prior to exercise, induced greater deoxygenation of the VL muscle during the early stages of exercise, irrespective of changes in blood volume. Skin cooling alone, however, did not influence deoxygenation of the VL during exercise.  相似文献   

Salvation or a Broken Promise? Two Adult Graduates’ Social Positioning in Education and Working Life     

Päivi Siivonen  Katri Komulainen  Hannu Räty  Maija Korhonen  Kati Kasanen  Riitta Rautiainen 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2016,60(1):110-125

Finland has been celebrated as a country where everyone has the possibility to educate themselves and to get ahead in life through education. However, social differences of educability continue to persist and social differences of employability are further construed in the neo-liberal market economy. In this article we will examine 2 adult graduates’ educational and working life histories based on an 8-year qualitative follow-up study. Lisa with a working-class background and Henri from a middle-class family have both graduated from general upper-secondary school for adults and also accomplished higher education degrees in adulthood. Lisa and Henri's cases show how class and gender, as well as age, intertwine in the construction of educability and employability in different narrative environments. Based on our analysis, academic education may turn out as a broken promise instead of a great salvation with good occupational prospects for individuals like Lisa with a working-class background.  相似文献   

Making meaning of inclusive education: classroom practices in Finnish and South African classrooms     

Petra Engelbrecht  Hannu Savolainen  Mirna Nel  Teija Koskela  Mari-Anne Okkolin 《Compare》2017,47(5):684-702

This paper reports on the findings of an international comparative research project where the roles of teachers in the implementation of inclusive education in mainstream-classroom settings in South Africa and Finland were investigated. Inclusive education within this project is broadly defined as welcoming all students to general-education schools and classrooms and not segregating students on the basis of ability or other individual or sociocultural characteristics. In this paper a qualitative analysis of Finnish and South African teachers’ day-to-day teaching and learning support practices in their classroom is discussed. Individual and focus-group interviews encouraged teachers to articulate their views in this regard. Initial findings indicate that despite the dissimilar cultural and historical contexts of these two countries, both complex contextual issues and classroom practices based on a medical-deficit understanding of diverse educational needs play a role in Finnish and South African classrooms.  相似文献   

What Makes One Able? The formation of pupils' conceptions of academic ability Qu'est-ce que fait capable? La formation,chez les élèves,de concepts quant à la capacité scolaire Qué es lo que hace capable? La formación,en los alumnos,de conceptos sobre la capacidad escolar     

Hannu Räty  Kati Kasanen  Leila Snellman 《International Journal of Early Years Education》2002,10(2):121-135

By comparing the reasons given for the peer assessments of children at different grade levels, the study set out to examine how children acquire the criteria of the conception of ability represented by the school. A sample of pre-school children, pupils (ages 6-10) of the first, second, third, and fourth grade (N = 112), were presented two tasks. In the free classification task, the children were asked to group their classmates on the basis of similarity; in the team selection task, they were requested to name those classmates whom they would like to have on their team for different academic contests and as playmates. In both tasks, the children were asked to give reasons for their responses. The findings from the team selection task indicated that, by the fourth grade, children have acquired the elements of the school's conception of ability in a fairly clear form. They begin to use comparative criteria and the correctness and speed of performance in the assessment of theoretical skills in particular. In the free classification task, references to academic skills made a clear appearance only as late as the fourth grade, suggesting that the influence of the school extends to the domain of non-academic peer assessment as well. En comparant les justifications fournies par des élèves de différents degrés d'études qui ont essayé d'évaluer leurs camarades de classe, cette étude a voulu mettre au clair de quelle facon les enfants s'attribuent-ils des critères de la conception de la capacité représentée par l'école. Deux tâches ont été donnés aux élèves préscolaires ainsi qu'aux élèves de première, seconde, troisième et quatrième année scolaire (N = 112). Dans un premier exercice de libre classification, on a demandé aux enfants de grouper leurs camarades selon la ressemblance de ceux-ci; dans un deuxième exercice de sélection d'équipes, les enfants ont dû choisir ceux de leurs camarades qu'ils voudraient avoir dans leur équipe pour participer à des concours scolaires les plus divers et ceux qu'ils voudraient avoir comme compagnons de jeux. Dans ces deux tâches les enfants ont dû également justifier leurs choix. Les résultats de l'exercice de sélection d'équipes ont prouvé que, avant de commencer la quatrième année scolaire, les enfants se sont attribués clairement des éléments des conceptions quant à la capacité qui sont celles de l'école même. Les enfants commencent à employer des critères comparatifs, ainsi que la correction et la rapidité de l'acte, pour évaluer surtout des capacités théoriques. Dans l'exercice de libre classification, les allusions aux capacités scolaires ne se sont présentées de facon nette qu'au cours de la quatrième année scolaire. Ce résultat semble indiquer que l'influence de l'école s'étend aussi dans le domaine de l'évaluation non-scolaire de camarades. Comparando las justificaciones dadas por alumnos de diferentes niveles escolares que han tratado de evaluar sus compañeros de clase, este estudio ha querido aclarar de qué manera los niños adoptan criterios del concepto de capacidad representado por la escuela. Se dieron dos tareas a alumnos preescolares y a alumnos del primer, segundo, tercer y cuarto año escolar (N = 112). En un primer ejercicio de libre clasificación, los alumnos tuvieron que agrupar sus compañeros según la semejanza de éstos; en un segundo ejercicio de selección de equipos, los alumnos tuvieron que elegir aquellos de sus compañeros que querían tener en su equipo para participar en diversos concursos escolares y aquellos que querían tener como compañeros de juego. En ambos ejercicios los alumnos también tuvieron que justificar sus preferencias. Los resultados en cuanto al ejercicio de selección de equipos mostraron que, antes de comenzar el cuarto año escolar, los niños han adoptado claramente elementos de los conceptos de la escuela sobre la capacidad. Los alumnos empiezan a servirse de criterios comparativos, de la corrección y la rapidez del acto para evaluar sobre todo capacidades teóricas. En el ejercicio de libre clasificación, las alusiones a las capacidades escolares aparecieron con claridad sólo durante el cuarto año escolar. Este resultado parece indicar que la influencia de la escuela se extiende también al campo de la evaluación no-escolar de compañeros.  相似文献   

Virtues of Mentors and Mentees in the Finnish Model of Teachers’ Peer-group Mentoring     

Matti Pennanen  Hannu L. T. Heikkinen  Päivi Tynjälä 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2020,64(3):355-371

ABSTRACT

This study investigated participants’ conceptions of the ideal mentor and mentee in the Finnish model of peer-group mentoring (PGM). Existing mentoring research emphasises dyadic practices, yet there is a lack of investigation of participants’ roles in group mentoring. The main concepts of this inquiry were dispositions (habitus) and virtues drawing on the theory of practice architectures and Aristotelian virtue philosophy. Methodologically, the study can be identified as philosophical-empirical inquiry that utilises a narrative and hermeneutical approach to analyse qualitative data from 30 respondents. As its central finding, the study identified a set of core characteristics that describe the virtues and vices of a mentor and mentee based on the participants’ views. Overall, these characteristics reflected ideas of relatings (peerness, equality), proactive and reactive participation, and presence in the group. Characteristics focused on the social aspect of dispositions in peer-group mentoring.  相似文献   

Parents’ perceptions of their children’s schools: findings from a five‐year longitudinal study     

Hannu Räty  Kati Kasanen 《Educational studies》2007,33(3):339-351

This longitudinal study set out to examine, in the light of the parents’ education and gender and the child’s gender, the changes that occurred in the course of five years in parents’ satisfaction with the functioning of their child’s school. Academically and vocationally educated mothers and fathers (N = 391) were asked to indicate their satisfaction with different aspects of their child’s school at the end of the first, third and fifth school year. It was found that the level of parental satisfaction was fairly high at the start, and despite a decreasing trend, it remained high; parental satisfaction was widely shared, and the number of dissatisfied parents remained small and stable. The academic parents displayed more satisfaction with their child’s school success and the fairness of the treatment than the vocational parents did. The results are discussed in terms of educational policy.  相似文献