Personal Storytelling as a Medium of Socialization in Chinese and American Families   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

Peggy J. Miller  Angela R. Wiley  Heidi Fung  Chung-Hui Liang 《Child development》1997,68(3):557-568

The goal of this study was to determine how personal storytelling functions as a socializing practice within the family context in middle-class Taiwanese and middle-class European American families. The data consist of more than 200 naturally occurring stories in which the past experiences of the focal child, aged 2,6, were narrated. These stories were analyzed at 3 levels: content, function, and structure. Findings converged across these analytic levels, indicating that personal storytelling served overlapping yet distinct socializing functions in the 2 cultural cases. In keeping with the high value placed on didactic narrative within the Confucian tradition, Chinese families were more likely to use personal storytelling to convey moral and social standards. European American families did not treat stories of young children's past experiences as a didactic resource but instead employed stories as a medium of entertainment and affirmation. These findings suggest not only that personal storytelling operates as a routine socializing practice in widely different cultures but also that it is already functionally differentiated by 2,6.  相似文献   

Anxious solitude and peer exclusion: a diathesis-stress model of internalizing trajectories in childhood   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gazelle H  Ladd GW 《Child development》2003,74(1):257-278

A diathesis-stress model was proposed in which the joint forces of individual vulnerability (anxious solitude) and interpersonal adversity (peer exclusion) predict depressive symptoms in children over time. Children's (N = 388; 50% female) social behavior, peer exclusion, and emotional adjustment were assessed at kindergarten entry and every spring thereafter through 4th grade, primarily by teacher report. Results indicated that anxious solitude and peer exclusion co-occur in children soon after kindergarten entry and that anxious solitary children who are excluded early on, in comparison with their nonexcluded anxious solitary counterparts, display greater stability in their subsequent display of anxious solitude. As hypothesized, the joint influence of anxious solitude and exclusion predicted the most elevated depressive symptom trajectories.  相似文献   

Long-term inhibition of Na+/H+ exchange attenuates cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction in rats     

Xia Qin-gui  Oliver Chung  Heidi Spitznagel  Thomas Unger 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2001,2(4):439-444

Objective: In addition to pH regulation, Na⁺/H⁺ exchange (NHE) has been shown to facilitate cell growth and proliferation. However, the effects of long-term inhibition of Na⁺/H⁺ exchange on cardiac structural and functional remodeling post myocardial infarction (MI) are still controversial. The present study was therefore carried out to further investigate the effects of long-term treatment with cariporide, a specific inhibitor of NHE-1, on cardiac remodeling after MI in rats; Methods: Male Wistar rats that underwent coronary ligation were randomly selected for cariporide treatment starting 6 h after induction of MI or no treatment. Treatment was continued up to 6 weeks post MI, after which, the arterial, venous and left ventricular catheters were chronically implanted. Twenty-four h later, after hemodynamic signals were recorded in conscious rats, they were sacrificed and hearts were taken out for morphological examinations; Results: Cariporide treatment decreased the heart weight and heart weight to body weight ratio (bothP<0.05), decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (P<0.001), improved myocardial contractility (dP/dt _max) (P<0.05) and tended to increase the survival of treated rats compared to that of untreated infarct rats; Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that the long-term inhibition of NHE with cariporide can attenuate cardiac structural remodeling and improve left ventricular dysfunction in infarcted rats, and suggest that Na⁺/H⁺ exchange inhibition could be an effective therapeutic strategy for myocardial infarction-induced heart failure.  相似文献   

清华大学和美国大学在学习过程指标上的比较:一种高等教育质量观   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

海迪·罗斯  罗燕  岑逾豪 《清华大学教育研究》2008,29(2):36-42

本研究对目前各种高等教育质量评估取向加以了分析和批判,指出学习过程性指标对于高等教育质量评估和保障的重要意义.在引进、修订美国当前最有影响的一套大学学习过程性指标NSSE(National Survey of Student Engagement)的基础上,本研究对清华大学和美国大学的本科教学进行了比较.研究结果显示,在整体水平上来说清华大学的本科教学和美国同类院校乃至美国总体大学水平之间不存在根本差异,但和美国最优异的本科教育相比清华还存在一定差距.  相似文献   

How children and adolescents evaluate gender and racial exclusion     

Killen M  Lee-Kim J  McGlothlin H  Stangor C 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》2002,67(4):i-vii, 1-119

Children's and adolescents' social reasoning about exclusion was assessed in three different social contexts. Participants (N = 294) at three ages, 10 years (4th grade), 13.7 years (7th grade), and 16.2 years (10th grade), fairly evenly divided by gender, from four ethnic groups, European-American (n = 109), African-American (n = 96), and a combined sample of Asian-American and Latin-American participants (n = 89) were interviewed regarding their social reasoning about exclusion based on group membership, gender, and race. The contexts for exclusion were friendship, peer, and school. Significant patterns of reasoning about exclusion were found for the context, the target (gender or race) of exclusion, and the degree to which social influence, authority expectations, and cultural norms explained children's judgments. There were also significant differences depending on the gender, age, and ethnicity of the participants. The findings support our theoretical proposal that exclusion is a multifaceted phenomenon and that different forms of reasoning are brought to bear on the issue. This model was drawn from social-cognitive domain theory, social psychological theories of stereotype knowledge and intergroup relationships, and developmental studies on peer relationships. The results contribute to an understanding of the factors involved in the developmental emergence of judgments about exclusion based on group membership as well as to the phenomena of prejudice, discrimination, and the fair treatment of others.  相似文献   

The role of sensory preconditioning in memory retrieval by preverbal infants     

Barr R  Marrott H  Rovee-Collier C 《Learning & behavior》2003,31(2):111-123

Infants’ memories are highly specific to their training stimuli; they rarely transfer learned responding. In two experiments, we asked whether sensory preconditioning facilitates the transfer of deferred imitation. In Experiments 1A and 1B, 6-month-olds were simultaneously preexposed to Puppets A and B and then saw target actions modeled on Puppet A. The infants associated the paired puppets and imitated the actions on Puppet B. In Experiment 2, the preexposure procedure was repeated, but the actions were modeled on Puppet A with a toy train in view. The infants also associated Puppet A and the train: Either object effectively reactivated both forgotten memories; thereafter, the infants again imitated the actions on Puppet B. These findings reveal that infants form specific and enduring associations between stimuli they have merely seen together. These associations facilitate the transfer of deferred imitation, both directly and indirectly, through connections to other associations.  相似文献   

Moving toward and away from the world: social approach and avoidance trajectories in anxious solitary youth     

Gazelle H  Rudolph KD 《Child development》2004,75(3):829-849

This investigation tested the person-by-environment hypothesis that the joint influence of behavioral vulnerability (anxious solitude) and interpersonal adversity (peer exclusion) predicts heightened social avoidance and depression over time. The study assessed 519 fifth and sixth graders 3 times during 1 year. Teachers reported social behavior and peer exclusion; youth reported depression. As hypothesized, anxious solitary youth displayed maintenance or exacerbation of social avoidance and depression in the context of high exclusion, but increased social approach and less depression in the context of low exclusion. Some effects were moderated by sex. The interaction of behavioral vulnerability and peer exclusion was more consistently linked to adjustment changes in anxious solitary youth than in youth with other behavioral profiles.  相似文献   

Enhancing the Annual Performance Appraisal Process: Reducing Biases and Engaging Employees Through Self‐Assessment     

Heidi Kromrei 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》2015,28(2):53-64

The annual performance appraisal is a ubiquitous and often‐dreaded process in the workplace. Evaluation biases generated by both the evaluator and the performer threaten to undermine the efficacy and utility of this evaluation milestone. There is research to support that methods can be used to reduce these biases while simultaneously improving evaluation outcomes and engagement. Employing structured methods, identifying specific aims, and ensuring that there is added value in the eyes of the stakeholders can mitigate evaluation biases. Self‐assessment methods can be utilized and enhanced through use of clear criteria; a systematic approach; instruction, cues, and feedback; and opportunities for revision and improvement. Efforts to reduce evaluation biases while simultaneously engaging performers in structured self‐assessment create an opportunity to transform the annual performance appraisal process from dreaded event to a vista for performance improvement.  相似文献   

Librarians' experiences of the teaching role: A national survey of librarians     

Heidi Julien  Shelagh K. Genuis 《Library & information science research》2011,33(2):103-111

A Canadian national survey of 788 library staff doing instructional work revealed that most participants expected to be doing some teaching in their workplaces, and the largest proportion of participants have been teaching for more than 10 years. Most instruction continues to take the form of short presentations to groups of learners. On the whole, preparatory experiences are informal—on-the-job experience, reading professional literature, and attending workshops. The majority of respondents identify instructional work as integral to their professional identity, but nearly one-third see this work as a duty or expectation, and a small proportion view it as an imposition. The study results have implications for design of programs that prepare library staff for the workplace, and for library managers who need to support effective instructional practice.  相似文献   

Ground reaction forces and kinematics of plant leg position during instep kicking in male and female collegiate soccer players     

Heidi Orloff  Bryce Sumida  Janna Chow  Lalae Habibi  Aaron Fujino  Brian Kramer 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):238-247

The players' ability to achieve the greatest distance in kicking is determined by their efficiency in transferring kinetic energy from the body to the ball. The purpose of this study was to compare the kinetics and kinematics of the plant leg position between male and female collegiate soccer players during instep kicking. Twenty-three soccer players (11 males and 12 females) were filmed in both the sagittal and posterior views while performing a maximal instep kick. Plant leg kinetic data were also collected using an AMTI 1000 force platform. There were no significant differences between the sexes in plant leg position, but females had significantly greater trunk lean, plant leg angle, and medial-lateral ground reaction force than the males. Males showed higher vertical ground reaction forces at ball contact, but there were no significant differences in ball speed at take-off between the sexes. Ball speed at take-off was inversely related to peak anterior–posterior ground reaction force ( ? 0.65). The anatomical differences between the sexes were reflected in greater trunk lean and lower leg angle in the females.  相似文献