Cross-cultural influence on communication effectiveness and user interface design     

Anping Xie  P.-L. Patrick Rau  Yuchien Tseng  Hui Su  Chen Zhao 《Int J Intercult Relat》2009,33(1):11-20

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of cultural diversity on communication effectiveness with different communication styles and to apply the results in the field of user interface design for computer-based communication systems. The scope of this study was limited to the relationship between context and verbal/nonverbal communication, and also the relationship between power distance and communication interaction. The results indicated that high context people (HCP) had better communication effectiveness in comprehending nonverbal clues than low context people (LCP), while LCP had better communication effectiveness in verbal communication than their counterparts. It was also found that high power distance people (HPDP) could not communicate as effectively as low power distance people (LPDP) during communication with interaction, but there was no significant difference between HPDP and LPDP in dealing with communication without interaction.  相似文献   

Job burnout and the school psychologist     

Helen D. Reiner  Timothy S. Hartshorne 《Psychology in the schools》1982,19(4):508-512

School psychologists participating in a workshop on burnout completed Freudenberger's Burnout Questionnaire (1980), identified major job-related stressors, and responded to a list of suggested supervisory, individual, and organizational strategies for prevention. Slightly less than half of the participants appeared on the questionnaire to have burnout problems. Age, years of experience, and sex were not significantly related to the burnout score. Major identified stressors included excessive caseloads, lack of time, and lack of support or appreciation. Reactions to the strategies were positive and hopeful. Implications for training were drawn.  相似文献   

A method of providing accurate velocity feedback of performance on an instrumented kayak ergometer     

Mickaël Begon  Olivier Mourasse  Patrick Lacouture 《Sports Engineering》2009,11(2):57-65

On a kayak ergometer, an accurate simulation of the athlete-paddle-kayak system kinematics is essential for analysing the relationship between technique and performance. The purpose of this study was to establish a strong relationship between performances on flatwater and performances on an ergometer by means of propulsive force measurement and drag models. Two trials were performed by 12 kayakers in which they were first timed over 250 m of flatwater kayaking (the reference test) and were then asked to perform a trial of the same duration on the ergometer with the same perceived physical exertion. Three techniques for measuring propulsive force and three drag models generated nine combinations, which were all evaluated for their ability to estimate kayak velocity. For each combination, the distance covered by the athlete on the ergometer was simulated. A kayakers’ ergometer ranking was based on the average velocity in the ergometer trial. Both distance and ranking were compared to the on-water results. The simulation with the best combination of force measurement and drag model gave an accurate estimate of distance (253 ± 10.5 vs. 250 m) and ranking compared to the reference test.  相似文献   

Nutrition for the young athlete     

Meyer F  O'Connor H  Shirreffs SM;International Association of Athletics Federations 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(Z1):S73-S82

Athletics is a popular sport among young people. To maintain health and optimize growth and athletic performance, young athletes need to consume an appropriate diet. Unfortunately, the dietary intake of many young athletes follows population trends rather than public health or sports nutrition recommendations. To optimize performance in some disciplines, young athletes may strive to achieve a lower body weight or body fat content and this may increase their risk for delayed growth and maturation, amenorrhoea, reduced bone density, and eating disorders. Although many of the sports nutrition principles identified for adults are similar to those for young athletes, there are some important differences. These include a higher metabolic cost of locomotion and preferential fat oxidation in young athletes during exercise. Young athletes, particularity children, are at a thermoregulatory disadvantage due to a higher surface area to weight ratio, a slower acclimatization, and lower sweating rate. An appropriate dietary intake rather than use of supplements (except when clinically indicated) is recommended to ensure young athletes participate fully and safely in athletics.  相似文献   

Physique and performance for track and field events     

O'Connor H  Olds T  Maughan RJ;International Association of Athletics Federations 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(Z1):S49-S60

Evidence of the importance of physique in the athletics disciplines is supported by the persistence of certain characteristics over long periods, despite marked secular changes in the source population. These characteristics may also result in physiological benefits such as effective thermoregulation or a greater power-to-weight ratio. Coaches and athletes are often convinced of weight or fat loss benefits based on personal or anecdotal experience, intuition, and "trained eye" observation of successful competitors. This may entice athletes into adopting unbalanced, erratic or highly restrictive eating patterns that increase the risk for nutrient deficiencies, and disordered eating. Despite heavy training loads and often extreme diets, some athletes fall short of their physique goals as ultimately phenotype is under genetic control. Professionals assisting athletes with physique management need to be highly skilled in anthropometry and require a thorough understanding of sports-specific nutrition requirements. Careful assessment of the risks and benefits of various approaches to weight and fat loss is required before they are recommended to athletes.  相似文献   

Children's heart rate reactivity responses to three school tasks     

Christopher F. Sharpley  Geraldine M. Parsons  Helen Tillinh 《Psychology in the schools》1989,26(4):411-414

The effects of three routine classroom tasks upon heart rate reactivity were investigated with a sample of 30 typical fifth-grade children. Instructions for a mental arithmetic task, the mental arithmetic task itself, and silent reading were administered under standardized conditions, with a reward being offered for performance on the mental arithmetic task to enhance competition. Heart rate was individually monitored each second during these tasks, and data were collected on mental arithmetic performance and reading ability. Results indicated that some children showed large increases in their heart rates during the three tasks, and that these children should be considered as at-risk in terms of their cardiac health.  相似文献   

Preparation time influences ankle and knee joint control during dynamic change of direction movements     

Patrick Fuerst  Albert Gollhofer  Dominic Gehring 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(8):762-768

The influence of preparation time on ankle joint biomechanics during highly dynamic movements is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of limited preparation time on ankle joint loading during highly dynamic run-and-cut movements. Thirteen male basketball players performed 45°-sidestep-cutting and 180°-turning manoeuvres in reaction to light signals which appeared during the approach run. Both movements were executed under (1) an easy condition, in which the light signal appeared very early, (2) a medium condition and (3) a hard condition with very little time to prepare the movements. Maximum ankle inversion angles, moments and velocities during ground contact, as well as EMG signals of three lower extremity muscles, were analysed. In 180°-turning movements, reduced preparation time led to significantly increased maximum ankle inversion velocities. Muscular activation levels, however, did not change. Increased inversion velocities, without accompanying changes in muscular activation, may have the potential to destabilise the ankle joint when less preparation time is available. This may result in a higher injury risk during turning movements and should therefore be considered in ankle injury research and the aetiology of ankle sprains.  相似文献   

The international political economy of the hack: A closer look at markets for cybersecurity software     

Patrick Burkart  Tom McCourt 《Popular Communication》2017,15(1):37-54

This article examines the development of hacking and cybersecurity software packages as commodities, based on an international political economy of vendors and clients operating in the interstices of international law. Offensive hacking and defensive cybersecurity tools offer new means for surveillance of critics, journalists, and human rights workers, especially in corrupt or authoritarian political systems. The article provides a case study of the Hacking Team, an international “cybersecurity” firm offering spyware and surveillance systems to government security agencies, which was itself hacked and “doxed” in 2015. The leak of documents contributes new knowledge of an international political economy for software products, which exploits the digital rights of targets and which could further undermine general Internet security.  相似文献   

Editor’s Note     

Patrick Burkart  Miyase Christensen  Mehdi Semati  Nabeel Zuberi 《Popular Communication》2014,12(2):73-74

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Developmental dyslexia,cerebellar/vestibular brain function and possible links to exercise-based interventions: a review     

Debbie Pope  Helen Whiteley 《欧洲特需教育杂志》2013,28(1):109-123

The Phonological Processing Deficit (PPD) hypothesis remains the most influential theory to explain why some children fail to acquire appropriate reading skills. However, current research suggests that there may be other deficits operating, and that the phonological processing deficit may be just one manifestation of a deeper underlying anatomical syndrome that originates in the cerebellar or vestibular areas of the brain. Claims that exercise regimes or programmes of vestibular stimulation may provide a ‘cure’ for developmental dyslexia (specific reading difficulties) prompt scepticism among the scientific community and raise concerns about the exploitation of vulnerable parents. The paper provides a review of research into the causes of specific reading difficulties at the behavioural, cognitive and biological level of explanation, and considers whether or not there is any theoretical basis for the use of exercise-based intervention programmes. Following consideration of recent findings from a range of scientific disciplines, it is concluded that such ‘unconventional’ methods of intervention may draw some theoretical support from the scientific literature, although researchers are cautioned to be wary of comorbidity issues. It is also concluded that more rigorous and independent evaluations of the success (or otherwise) of exercise-based interventions are needed.  相似文献