Parental history of positive development and child behavior in next generation offspring: A two-cohort prospective intergenerational study     

Primrose Letcher  Christopher J. Greenwood  Helena McAnally  Jay Belsky  Jacqui A. Macdonald  Elizabeth A. Spry  Kimberly C. Thomson  Meredith O'Connor  Judith Sligo  George Youssef  Jennifer E. McIntosh  Ella Iosua  Delyse Hutchinson  Joyce Cleary  Ann V. Sanson  George C. Patton  Robert J. Hancox  Craig A. Olsson 《Child development》2023,94(1):60-73

This study examined whether positive development (PD) in adolescence and young adulthood predicts offspring behavior in two Australasian intergenerational cohorts. The Australian Temperament Project Generation 3 Study assessed PD at age 19–28 (years 2002–2010) and behavior in 1165 infants (12–18 months; 608 girls) of 694 Australian-born parents (age 29–35; 2012–2019; 399 mothers). The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Parenting Study assessed PD at age 15–18 (years 1987–1991) and behavior in 695 preschoolers (3–5 years; 349 girls) and their New Zealand born parents (age 21–46; 1994–2018; 363 mothers; 89% European ethnicity). In both cohorts, PD before parenthood predicted more positive offspring behavior (β_range = .11–.16) and fewer behavior problems (β_range = −.09 to −.11). Promoting strengths may secure a healthy start to life.  相似文献   

What do I want to feel? Emotion goals in childhood,adolescence, and adulthood     

Belén López-Pérez  Michaela Gummerum  Marcos Jiménez  Maya Tamir 《Child development》2023,94(1):315-328

Beliefs about emotion utility can influence context-sensitive emotion goals (i.e., desired emotional responses). Although key for emotion regulation, emotion goals have been overlooked in children and adolescents. In 2018–2019 results of Studies 1 and 2 showed that children (N = 192, M_age = 8.65, 47% girls, 96% White) were less motivated by and found anger less useful in confrontation than adolescents (N = 192, M_age = 12.96, 50% girls, 93% White) and adults (N = 195, M_age = 29.82, 51% women, 96% White). The link between emotion goals and beliefs about emotion utility was weaker in children. In 2021, Study 3 (N = 60, 8-year-olds, 47% girls, 90% White) ruled out expectations as a possible explanation for the previous findings. Context-sensitive utility of emotions may be acquired during development.  相似文献   

How are the Concepts and Theories of Acid–Base Reactions Presented? Chemistry in Textbooks and as Presented by Teachers     

Carlos Furió‐Más  Jenaro Guisasola  Cristina Furió‐Gómez 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(11):1337-1358

This paper investigates the views of science and scientific activity that can be found in chemistry textbooks and heard from teachers when acid–base reactions are introduced to grade 12 and university chemistry students. First, the main macroscopic and microscopic conceptual models are developed. Second, we attempt to show how the existence of views of science in textbooks and of chemistry teachers contributes to an impoverished image of chemistry. A varied design has been elaborated to analyse some epistemological deficiencies in teaching acid–base reactions. Textbooks have been analysed and teachers have been interviewed. The results obtained show that the teaching process does not emphasize the macroscopic presentation of acids and bases. Macroscopic and microscopic conceptual models involved in the explanation of acid–base processes are mixed in textbooks and by teachers. Furthermore, the non‐problematic introduction of concepts, such as the hydrolysis concept, and the linear, cumulative view of acid–base theories (Arrhenius and Brönsted) were detected.  相似文献   

Introducción     

César Coll  Carmen Gómez-Granell  Carmen Gómez-Granell 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(62-63):53-57

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Characteristics of the methodology used to describe students' conceptions     

N. Marín Martínez  I. Solano  E. Jiménez Gómez 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(7):663-690

In a paper published elsewhere (Jiménez Gómez et al. 1997), we compared research carried out on students' conceptions of force in the decade 1975-85 with later research in the period 1985-95. Only a slight progression was found in the results offered by different authors. In this contribution we analyse the research objectives of selected investigations into students' conceptions of force, their methodological characteristics and their most widely used theoretical foundations, in an attempt to explain the lack of progress made in this research line. Some suggestions are made which may help the science teaching profession to understand students' conceptions better.  相似文献   

Scale of attitudes of schoolchildren towards immigrant pupils     

Benito León del Barco  Elena Felipe Casta?o  Teresa Gómez Carroza  Margarita Gozalo Delgado  Carlos Latas Pérez 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2007,22(4):439-454

In the academic year 2004–2005, approximately 400,000 immigrant pupils were enrolled in Spanish schools and six-form colleges. The racial and ethnic diversity that Spanish society and schools present could be a source of new opportunities and social enrichment, for the national as well as the immigrant population. However, this contact between nationals and immigrants is not free of problems. School is one of the areas where attitudes towards different social groups begin to be formed, while at the same time being the main opportunity that our society has to create an environment of coexistence and attitudinal change. The first step to look at such a complex phenomenon in more detail is to have evaluation tools available that allow us to measure it. In this article we present the results referring to psychometric features, and we carry out a differential analysis of the Scale of attitudes of school-children towards immigrant pupils.  相似文献   

Counselling in Hungary: Present and future trends     

Magda Ritoók 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1998,20(1):17-25

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Editor’s Note     

Helena Miller 《Journal of Jewish Education》2020,86(1):1-3

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Globalization and Education     

Rupérez  Francisco López 《Prospects》2003,33(3):249-261

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Mapping of quantitative trait loci using the skew-normal distribution     

Fernandes E  Pacheco A  Penha-Gonçalves C 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2007,8(11):792-801

In standard interval mapping (IM) of quantitative trait loci (QTL), the QTL effect is described by a normal mixture model. When this assumption of normality is violated, the most commonly adopted strategy is to use the previous model after data transformation. However, an appropriate transformation may not exist or may be difficult to find. Also this approach can raise interpretation issues. An interesting alternative is to consider a skew-normal mixture model in standard IM, and the resulting method is here denoted as skew-normal IM. This flexible model that includes the usual symmetric normal distribution as a special case is important, allowing continuous variation from normality to non-normality. In this paper we briefly introduce the main peculiarities of the skew-normal distribution. The maximum likelihood estimates of parameters of the skew-normal distribution are obtained by the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. The proposed model is illustrated with real data from an intercross experiment that shows a significant departure from the normality assumption. The performance of the skew-normal IM is assessed via stochastic simulation. The results indicate that the skew-normal IM has higher power for QTL detection and better precision of QTL location as compared to standard IM and nonparametric IM.  相似文献