Acquisition of behavioral control by the auditory features of an imprinting object     

Leonard A. Eiserer  Howard S. Hoffman 《Learning & behavior》1974,2(4):275-277

Presentations of a visible moving object immediately suppressed ongoing distress vocalization in newly hatched ducklings, but presentations of only the auditory features of the object initially had no effect. However, as the ducklings received more and more exposure to the visible moving object, the object’s auditory features gradually acquired the ability to suppress distress calls themselves. These auditory features failed to develop suppressive properties in ducklings which received prolonged exposure to those features but never saw the object in motion. The gradual acquisition of behavioral control by the auditory features of a moving object is taken to represent the essence of the imprinting process.  相似文献   

Exploring immigrant students' adjustment to learning in their new cultural setting     

Margaret Jamieson  Leonard L. Stewin 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1987,10(1):19-33

The adjustment of non-English speaking immigrant students to learning was explored by comparing the learning characteristics of immigrant students with those of a matched group of Canadian students. Eleven immigrant students and eleven Canadian students from three grade 4 classrooms in three schools in a large Western Canadian urban school system were assessed on academic achievement, attitude to school, English proficiency, academic self-concept, and quality of teacher-student interaction. Data on attitudes of teachers toward immigrant students and on attitudes of parents of immigrant students towards the mother culture and learning in a second culture were also collected. Results indicated that immigrant students did not differ significantly from Canadian students on any of these variables. Findings were supported by other Canadian studies on immigrant students and the research on second language learning. The adjustment of immigrant students to learning appeared to be dependent upon three factors: length on time in the second culture, the proportion of immigrant students within a classroom, and the cultural harmony in both home and school settings.  相似文献   

Vocabulary does not complicate the simple view of reading     

David Braze  Leonard Katz  James S. Magnuson  W. Einar Mencl  Whitney Tabor  Julie A. Van Dyke  Tao Gong  Clinton L. Johns  Donald P. Shankweiler 《Reading and writing》2016,29(3):435-451

Gough and Tunmer’s (1986) simple view of reading (SVR) proposed that reading comprehension (RC) is a function of language comprehension (LC) and word recognition/decoding. Braze et al. (2007) presented data suggesting an extension of the SVR in which knowledge of vocabulary (V) affected RC over and above the effects of LC. Tunmer and Chapman (2012) found a similar independent contribution of V to RC when the data were analyzed by hierarchical regression. However, additional analysis by factor analysis and structural equation modeling indicated that the effect of V on RC was, in fact, completely captured by LC itself and there was no need to posit a separate direct effect of V on RC. In the present study, we present new data from young adults with sub-optimal reading skill (N = 286). Latent variable and regression analyses support Gough and Tunmer’s original proposal and the conclusions of Tunmer and Chapman that V can be considered a component of LC and not an independent contributor to RC.  相似文献   

The cost of higher education : Howard R. Bowen. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1980. Pp. 287. $15.95 (cloth)     

W. Patrick Leonard 《Economics of Education Review》1982,2(4):395-398

  相似文献   

Influences affecting the development of students' critical thinking skills   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  

Patrick T. Terenzini  Leonard Springer  Ernest T. Pascarella  Amaury Nora 《Research in higher education》1995,36(1):23-39

This study estimates the relative and unique effects on changes in critical thinking of three dimensions of students' college experience: curricular exposure, formal classroom and instructional experiences, and out-of-class experiences. Students' classroom/instructional and out-of-class experiences both make positive, statistically significant, and unique contributions to gains in critical thinking above and beyond students' precollege characteristics and level of critical thinking. Theoreticians have long speculated that students' academic and nonacademic experiences jointly influence change, and this study supports that belief. The design and instruments in this study may be of interest to persons involved in assessment or the study of college impact.Paper presented at the meeting of the Association for Institutional Research, New Orleans, LA, May 1993.The National Center on Postsecondary Teaching, Learning, and Assessment is funded by the U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI), under Grant No. R117G10037. The opinions herein do not necessarily reflect the position or policies of OERI, and no official endorsement should be inferred.  相似文献   

A comparison of student performance following instruction by interactive videodisc versus conventional laboratory     

William H. Leonard 《科学教学研究杂志》1992,29(1):93-102

This experimental study compared an interactive computer/videodisc learning approach to the conventional laboratory approach for learning biology concepts and science process skills. Students at a large midwestern university were randomly assigned to instruction on respiration and biogeography by interactive videodisc or a traditional laboratory investigation teaching the same concepts. The videodisc delivery system consisted of a TRS-80 Model III microcomputer interfaced to a Pioneer laser disc player and a color TV monitor. Results show no statistically significant differences between the two approaches for student grades on laboratory quizzes, laboratory reports, and the laboratory final exam. However, the interactive videodisc group required approximately one-half the classroom time used by the conventional laboratory group. The two approaches appear equivalent when evaluated by traditional learning outcomes, but the interactive videodisc strategy was significantly more time efficient than a traditional laboratory approach.  相似文献   

The effects of tactile stimulation on imprinting in ducklings after the sensitive period     

Leonard A. Eiserer 《Learning & behavior》1978,6(1):27-29

Four-day-old ducklings received visual-plus-tactile exposure to one novel object and visual-only exposure to a different novel object. In a subsequent test, strong suppression of ongoing distress vocalization was exerted only by the object to which visual-plus-tactile exposure had been given. With these results, the experimental conditions under which physical contact is known to facilitate the initiation of imprinting are extended to include subjects that are past the sensitive period.  相似文献   

Effects of microcomputer-administered diagnostic testing on immediate and continuing science achievement and attitudes     

Michael Leonard Waugh 《科学教学研究杂志》1985,22(9):793-805

This investigation had three purposes: (1) to document any immediate and continuing benefits associated with the use of microcomputer-administered testing; (2) to determine what type of student might benefit most from microcomputer-administered diagnostic testing; and (3) to document the feasibility of microcomputer-administered diagnostic testing. The subjects of the study were enrolled in a biology course based on the BSCS Blue text. A random half of the students received behaviorally-stated performance objectives, while the remaining half received behaviorally-stated performance objectives in conjunction with microcomputer-administered diagnostic testing. The results of this study indicate that microcomputer-administered diagnostic testing can positively influence the immediate, but not the continuing, achievement of students in science. In addition, neither student aptitude nor achievement motivation level were found to interact with treatment or influence achievement. Affective data indicate that students react favorably to the use of objectives, computers, and diagnostic testing. Cost summary data reveal that when the expense of administering diagnostic testing by microcomputer is prorated over a five-year period, the cost of a diagnostic test is reduced to approximately three cents.  相似文献   

产业集群、企业行为与企业竞争力的实证研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

谢洪明  金占明  陈盛松 《科学学与科学技术管理》2005,26(5):90-95,153

提出一个影响产业集群中企业竞争力的系统框架，并对珠三角产业集群进行实证研究。结果表明，技术和资本资源、高质量人力资源等更有利于促进产业集群的形成，产业集群也有助于企业经营所需资源的取得、企业间的互动、知识的流通；在产业集群中，企业间的互动和知识的流通对提升企业的竞争力有显著影响。  相似文献   

快速氢原子与原子氦碰撞截面计算     

单鸿鸣 《台州学院学报》1999,(6)

应用量子力学第一玻恩近似和氢原子与氦原子的解析波函数,计算了它们弹性碰撞和各种非弹性碰撞截面。  相似文献