Enhancing teacher moral judgment in difficult political times: Swimming upstream     

Jacques S. Benninga  Richard K. SparksSusan M. Tracz 《International Journal of Educational Research》2011,50(3):177-183

Teachers at eight elementary schools in a large metropolitan school district participated in a multi-year program of professional ethical dilemma discussions that took place at monthly school meetings over a two-year or three-year period and focused on real-life situations faced by elementary school teachers. Discussions were structured using the Four Component Model of Moral Judgment. The DIT-2 served as a measure of moral judgment. Results proved to be counterintuitive; teacher moral judgment did not improve over time. We discuss the implications of promoting moral and democratic sensibilities at a time when American classrooms are tightly controlled and teachers held accountable for student performance on high stakes tests.  相似文献   

Structure of expert players' activity during competitive interaction in table tennis     

Sève C  Saury J  Ria L  Durand M 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2003,74(1):71-83

This study analyzed the activity of expert table tennis players during a match, in reference to course of action theory (Theureau, 1992). Matches were videotaped, and the players' verbalizations as they viewed the tapes were collected a posteriori. The data was analyzed by (a) transcribing the players' actions and verbalizations, (b) decomposing their activity into elementary units of meaning, and (c) grouping the elementary units into larger sets. The results showed that the matches began with an inquiry into the specific features of the opponent's play. This was followed by reproducing the actions identified as effective during the inquiry. The results are discussed in relation to the role of training in expert performance.  相似文献   

Towards Program Evaluation in Archives     

Jacques Grimard  Lucie Pagé 《Archival Science》2004,4(1-2):99-126

A review of the archival literature, including records and information management, indicates that archivists’ have shown over the last two decades an interest in program evaluation. The sparceness of the literature on the subject suggests a gap in an articulate body of knowledge, based on solid theoretical and methodological foundations, for evaluation of archival programs and activities. However, if they have not particularly investigated the subject from a theoretical perspective, archivists have developed in their different organizations and working environment practical knowledge of and experience with program evaluation. In large corporations as well as in public bureaucracies, they have been part of or subjected to specific or generic program evaluation initiatives conducted by internal and external evaluators. But archivists might need now to go some steps further and to look from a critical perspective at what is needed in order to get full benefit from program evaluation.  相似文献   

The Truth That Hurts,or the Corps à Corps of Tongues: An interview with Jacques Derrida     

Jacques Derrida  Évelyne Grossman  Translated by Thomas Clément Mercier 《Parallax》2019,25(1):8-24

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Effects of dietary macronutrients and body composition on glucose homeostasis in mice     

Sumei Hu  Jacques Togo  Lu Wang  Yingga Wu  Dengbao Yang  Yanchao Xu  Li Li  Baoguo Li  Min Li  Jianbo Li  Guanlin Wang  Xueying Zhang  Chaoqun Niu  Mohsen Mazidi  Alex Douglas  John R Speakman 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2021,8(1):14-24

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A hybrid numerical method to develop America’s Cup yacht appendages     

Dimitri Nicolopoulos  Eric Berton  Guillaume Gouvernet  André Jacques 《Sports Engineering》2009,11(4):177-185

A method aimed at the development of an America’s Cup racing yacht bulb is developed and validated against experimental data. The method relies heavily on Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and also factors in gravitational and aerodynamics effects through the use of a Velocity Prediction Program. Initial extensive use of towing tank results is made to be able to validate the CFD solution and thus develop a solid ground for predictive work. Then, in order to narrow down the focus on bulb developments, decoupled hypotheses are made on the influence of the hull and free surface wave. The development of a detailed performance analysis chart of a known base bulb allows the use of a relatively small series of CFD simulations together with physical hypotheses to assess any given bulb performance relative to the known base. The discussion of the results on a specific development highlights the promises and limitations of the method; final full scale results are discussed and analysed as well.  相似文献   

Influence of recovery intensity on time spent at maximal oxygen uptake during an intermittent session in young, endurance-trained athletes     

Thevenet D  Leclair E  Tardieu-Berger M  Berthoin S  Regueme S  Prioux J 《Journal of sports sciences》2008,26(12):1313-1321

In this study, we examined the effects of three recovery intensities on time spent at a high percentage of maximal oxygen uptake (t90[Vdot]O(2max)) during a short intermittent session. Eight endurance-trained male adolescents (16 +/- 1 years) performed four field tests until exhaustion: a graded test to determine maximal oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O(2max); 57.4 +/- 6.1 ml x min(-1) . kg(-1)) and maximal aerobic velocity (17.9 +/- 0.4 km x h(-1)), and three intermittent exercises consisting of repeat 30-s runs at 105% of maximal aerobic velocity alternating with 30 s active recovery at 50% (IE(50)), 67% (IE(67)), and 84% (IE(84)) of maximal aerobic velocity. In absolute values, mean t90[Vdot]O(2max) was not significantly different between IE(50) and IE(67), but both values were significantly longer compared with IE(84). When expressed in relative values (as a percentage of time to exhaustion), mean t90[Vdot]O(2max) was significantly higher during IE(67) than during IE(50). Our results show that both 50% and 67% of maximal aerobic velocity of active recovery induced extensive solicitation of the cardiorespiratory system. Our results suggest that the choice of recovery intensity depends on the exercise objective.  相似文献   

A single nucleotide mutation in the dual-oxidase 2 (DUOX2) gene causes some of the panda's unique metabolic phenotypes     

Agata M Rudolf  Qi Wu  Li Li  Jun Wang  Yi Huang  Jacques Togo  Christopher Liechti  Min Li  Chaoqun Niu  Yonggang Nie  Fuwen Wei  John R Speakman 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2022,9(2)

The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is an iconic bear native to China, famous for eating almost exclusively bamboo. This unusual dietary behavior for a carnivore is enabled by several key adaptations including low physical activity, reduced organ sizes and hypothyroidism leading to lowered energy expenditure. These adaptive phenotypes have been hypothesized to arise from a panda-unique single-nucleotide mutation in the dual-oxidase 2 (DUOX2) gene, involved in thyroid hormone synthesis. To test this hypothesis, we created genome-edited mice carrying the same point mutation as the panda and investigated its effect on metabolic phenotype. Homozygous mice were 27% smaller than heterozygous and wild-type ones, had 13% lower body mass-adjusted food intake, 55% decreased physical activity, lower mass of kidneys (11%) and brain (5%), lower serum thyroxine (T4: 36%), decreased absolute (12%) and mass-adjusted (5%) daily energy expenditure, and altered gut microbiota. Supplementation with T4 reversed the effects of the mutation. This work uses a state-of-the-art genome editing approach to demonstrate the link between a single-nucleotide mutation in a key endocrine-related gene and profound adaptive changes in the metabolic phenotype, with great importance in ecology and evolution.  相似文献   

THE FINANCIAL PARTICIPATION OF ENTERPRISES IN THE FUNCTIONING OF FRENCH HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS     

Jean‐Jacques Paul  Franck Bailly 《Higher Education in Europe》1992,17(1):86-106

The article discusses and tries to reconcile two phenomena; that, on one hand, in France, higher education is seriously underfunded, and that, on the other hand, public and private sector enterprises are experiencing shortages in the availability of highly qualified senior staff. At the same time, the need to obtain funding for higher education from sources other than the public authorities is recognized. Ways in which business may contribute to the funding of higher education are discussed, stress being laid on the use of the so‐called apprenticeship tax collected from enterprises and used to support higher education in given areas of training. The functioning and the receipts of this tax are analysed from a neo‐liberal perspective in terms of regional economic development, the types of institutions and programmes which receive subsidies from it, and amount per student. One obvious conclusion is that enterprises are loathe to contribute to the financing of initial education. On the other hand, since they are increasingly willing to finance specific and specialized training, universities, as distinct from other types of higher educations institutions in France, but having the necessary facilities and teaching staff, have been able to seize opportunities offered them to create special further training courses of use to enterprises. Hence, universities receive the largest share of the receipts of the apprenticeship tax.  相似文献   

L'ingénieur formateur     

Jacques Barbichon 《European Journal of Engineering Education》1981,6(1-2):83-86

Il faut que l'ingénieur apprenne à s'expliquer — qu'il apprenne à former et à informer parce que la société le lui demandera de plus en plus. Il est, quelquefois malgré lui, le représentant de l'esprit scientifique, de la science appliquée. Son type d'insertion sociale lui vaut d'être ce représentant proche de ceux qui travaillent, qui consomment, qui, par grandes masses, sont sensibles aux valeurs sociales, politiques, religieuses, à l'idéologie. Proximité plus grande que celle de l'enseignant, du clerc, du politique, du militaire. L'ingénieur est mêlé au quotidien plus que les autres. En outre, il façonne directement le monde des objets qui nous entourent et dont on le déclare responsable: un poste de télévision, une cuisinière électrique, une automobile, un pont, une fusée Ariane, un Telstar, etc… L'ingénieur tisse concrètement notre environnement. Si cela ne fonctionne pas bien, on lui demande des comptes et si cela fonctionne trop bien et éloigne la “Nature”… on lui demande encore des comptes.  相似文献