FACTORS IMPLICATED IN HIGH MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT     

Helen J. Forgasz  Janelle C. Hill 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2013,11(2):481-499

The most recent Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) (2009) mathematical literacy results provide evidence that in Western English-speaking countries, including Australia, the gender gap in achievement appears to be widening in favour of males. In the study reported in this article, the aim was to explore the effects of gender, school type (a measure of socioeconomic background), school learning setting and geographic location on mathematics performance amongst the highest achievers (top 2 %) in the grade 12 Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) mathematics subjects based on results reported in a metropolitan newspaper. The analyses revealed that over the period 2007–2009, males, students from higher socioeconomic backgrounds and those attending metropolitan schools predominated amongst the highest achievers in all three VCE mathematics subjects. Students in single-sex settings, particularly males, were also over-represented. For each factor, the dominance was more pronounced as the level of difficulty of the mathematics subject increased.  相似文献   

A microfluidic chip for controlled release of drugs from microcapsules     

Wen-Chuan Cheng  Yuan He  An-Yi Chang  Long Que 《Biomicrofluidics》2013,7(6)

A new microfluidic device with liquid-droplet merging and droplet storage functions for the controlled release of drugs from microcapsules is reported. A switching channel is designed and integrated within the microfluidic device, facilitating the generation and capturing of uniform droplets by the storage chambers. The drug model is the MnCO₃ microparticle, which is encapsulated by a microcapsule and fabricated using a simple layer-by-layer nanoassembly process. The merging function is used for dynamically adding the control solution into the droplets, which contain drugs within the microcapsules (DWμCs) and water. The storage chambers are used for collecting DWμCs-laden droplets so that the controlled-drug release in specific droplets can be monitored for an extended period of time, which has been experimentally implemented successfully. This technology could offer a promising technical platform for the long-term observation and studies of drug effects on specific cells in a controlled manner, which is especially useful for single cell analysis.  相似文献   

The effects of protease supplementation on skeletal muscle function and DOMS following downhill running     

Paul C Miller  Stephen P Bailey  Megan E Barnes  S Janelle Derr  Eric E Hall 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):365-372

Protease supplementation has been shown to attenuate soft tissue injury resulting from intense exercise. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of protease supplementation on muscle soreness and contractile performance after downhill running. Ten matched pairs of male participants ran at a ?10% grade for 30?min at 80% of their predicted maximal heart rate. The participants consumed two protease tablets (325?mg pancreatic enzymes, 75?mg trypsin, 50?mg papain, 50?mg bromelain, 10?mg amylase, 10?mg lipase, 10?mg lysozyme, 2?mg chymotrypisn) or a placebo four times a day beginning 1 day before exercise and lasting a total of 4 days. The participants were evaluated for perceived muscle soreness of the front and back of the dominant leg, pressure pain threshold by dolorimetry of the anterior medial, anterior lateral, posterior medial and posterior lateral quadrants of the thigh, and knee extension/flexion torque and power. The experimental group demonstrated superior recovery of contractile function and diminished effects of delayed-onset muscle soreness after downhill running when compared with the placebo group. Our results indicate that protease supplementation may attenuate muscle soreness after downhill running. Protease supplementation may also facilitate muscle healing and allow for faster restoration of contractile function after intense exercise.  相似文献   

Event-related potential evidence for the processing efficiency theory     

N. P. Murray  C. M. Janelle 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(2):161-171

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the central tenets of the processing efficiency theory using psychophysiological measures of attention and effort. Twenty-eight participants were divided equally into either a high or low trait anxiety group. They were then required to perform a simulated driving task while responding to one of four target light-emitting diodes. Cortical activity and dual task performance were recorded under two conditions – baseline and competition – with cognitive anxiety being elevated in the competitive session by an instructional set. Although driving speed was similar across sessions, a reduction in P3 amplitude to cue onset in the light detection task occurred for both groups during the competitive session, suggesting a reduction in processing efficiency as participants became more state anxious. Our findings provide more comprehensive and mechanistic evidence for processing efficiency theory, and confirm that increases in cognitive anxiety can result in a reduction of processing efficiency with little change in performance effectiveness.  相似文献   

Implicit overcompensation: The influence of negative self-instructions on performance of a self-paced motor task     

Derek de la Peña  Nicholas P. Murray  Christopher M. Janelle 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1323-1331

Abstract

This study sought to compare the time course changes in oxidative state and glycemic behavior when glucose or glucose plus fructose are consumed before endurance and strength exercise. After two weeks on a controlled diet, 20 physically trained males ingested an oral dose of glucose or glucose plus fructose, 15 min before starting a moderate-intensity 30-min session of endurance or strength exercise. The combination resulted in four randomized interventions: glucose or glucose plus fructose + endurance exercise and glucose or glucose plus fructose + strength exercise, which were implemented consecutively in random order at 1-week intervals. Plasma concentration of lipoperoxides, oxidized LDL, reduced glutathione, catalase and glycemia were determined at baseline, during exercise and acute recovery. Following the ingestion of glucose plus fructose, lipoperoxides, catalase and reduced glutathione depletion were significantly higher than following consumption of glucose, for both endurance and strength exercise (P < 0.05). Oxidized LDL-c was higher after glucose plus fructose than after glucose alone in endurance exercise (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the glycemic peak between glucose plus fructose and glucose ingestion in endurance exercise trials. In strength exercise, the post-absorptive glycemic peak was less when the participants ingested glucose plus fructose than glucose (P < 0.05), and a second peak was found in the recovery phase of this group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of fructose to a pre-exercise glucose supplement triggers oxidative stress.  相似文献   

木建筑图形设计课程教学改革探索     

杨小军  阙泽利  孙友富 《科教文汇》2013,(20):46-47

针对木建筑图形设计课程教学存在的问题,将木结构建筑工程专业人才培养目标与课程的特点相结合,通过实践教学,对木建筑图形设计课程的教学内容和教学方法进行了分析和探讨。提出了木建筑图形设计课程的教学内容和教学方法的改革措施,合理设置案例构建教学内容,把单纯的建筑图形设计训练与专业设计和设计应用有机结合;改变单一的教学模式,采用灵活的教学方法,将传统教学方法与现代教学方法相结合,提高教学质量和教学效率,培养学生的专业综合素质和建筑图形的设计创新能力,以适应当前现代木结构建筑业对实用型和创新型专业人才的需求。  相似文献   

基于省域数据的中国经济社会发展重心空间变化规律研究     

曾鹏  黄图毅  廉超  阙菲菲 《中国科技论坛》2013,(3):56-62

基于省域数据的中国经济社会发展重心空间变化规律是指在社会进步中各省域社会生产力发展对我国社会生产力发展作用程度的空间变化规律,其研究具有理论和实践双重价值。综合运用地理软件和重心演变路径模型,从中国各省域的GDP、三次产业、社会消费品零售总额和年末总人口等指标重心入手,对中国经济社会发展各重要指标重心演变路径进行测算及比较研究,探寻基于省域数据的中国经济社会发展重心空间变化规律,并有针对性地从各重要指标改进和缩小东西差距及南北差距两个层面提出了中国经济社会可持续发展的政策建议。  相似文献   

省级重点实验室分类评价方法研究     

许骏  魏阙  张敬天 《实验技术与管理》2022,(1)

对省级重点实验室建设的科学评价和指导,是实验室建设与发展的迫切要求。针对吉林省重点实验室评价方法存在的一些不足,设计了省级重点实验室分类评价体系和实施路径,以期提升重点实验室评价工作的针对性和指引性。通过完善重点实验室评价体系,结合区域特色,认真谋划、加大投入、连续支持、积极推动,为创新驱动省级重点实验室高质量发展作出相应贡献。  相似文献   

高明《琵琶记》二重内涵新探     

阙真 《河池学院学报》2011,31(4):18-23

大多评论者指出《琵琶记》的内容是复杂的,有突出的价值、精华,也有明显的不足,甚至糟粕。其实,这是高明《琵琶记》二重内涵的外在体现。该剧内涵二重性至少表现在三个方面:社会角色意识与个人自我感受的矛盾并存;悲喜因子的交融并存;人物定位的褒贬并存。内涵的多重性,正是《琵琶记》与众不同的艺术价值体现。  相似文献   

Change in Depressive Symptoms Among Treatment‐Seeking College Students Who Are Sexual Minorities          下载免费PDF全文

Jessica C. Effrig  Janelle K. Maloch  Andrew McAleavey  Benjamin D. Locke  Kathleen J. Bieschke 《Journal of College Counseling》2014,17(3):271-285

Changes in students’ depressive symptoms during the course of treatment at college counseling centers were examined by sexual orientation. In Study 1, results showed that depressive symptoms decreased similarly across sexual orientation groups during the course of treatment. In Study 2, family support did not moderate the relationship between pre‐ and posttreatment depressive symptoms but had a direct effect on posttreatment depressive symptoms for students questioning their sexual identity. Clinical implications are discussed.  相似文献