Temperament,tympanum, and temperature: four provisional studies of the biobehavioral correlates of tympanic membrane temperature asymmetries     

Boyce WT  Essex MJ  Alkon A  Smider NA  Pickrell T  Kagan J 《Child development》2002,73(3):718-733

Previous research in both humans and nonhuman primates suggests that subtle asymmetries in tympanic membrane (TM) temperatures may be related to aspects of cognition and socioaffective behavior. Such associations could plausibly reflect lateralities in cerebral blood flow that support side-to-side differences in regional cortical activation. Asymmetries in activation of the left and right frontal cortex, for example, are correlates of temperamental differences in child behavior and markers of risk status for affective and anxiety disorders. Tympanic membrane temperatures might thus reflect the neural asymmetries that subserve individual differences in temperament and behavior. This report merged findings from four geographically and demographically distinctive studies, which utilized identical thermometry methods to examine associations between TM temperature asymmetries and biobehavioral attributes of 4- to 8-year-old children (N = 468). The four studies produced shared patterns of associations that linked TM temperature lateralities to individual differences in behavior and socioaffective difficulties. Warmer left TMs were associated with "surgent," affectively positive behaviors, whereas warmer right TMs were related to problematic, affectively negative behaviors. Taken together, these findings suggest that asymmetries in TM temperatures could be associated with behavior problems that signal risk for developmental psychopathology.  相似文献   

The effects of load on system and lower-body joint kinetics during jump squats     

Gavin L. Moir  Jared M. Gollie  Shala E. Davis  John J. Guers  Chad A. Witmer 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(4):492-506

To investigate the effects of different loads on system and lower-body kinetics during jump squats, 12 resistance-trained men performed jumps under different loading conditions: 0%, 12%, 27%, 42%, 56%, 71%, and 85% of 1-repetition maximum (1-RM). System power output was calculated as the product of the vertical component of the ground reaction force and the vertical velocity of the bar during its ascent. Joint power output was calculated during bar ascent for the hip, knee, and ankle joints, and was also summed across the joints. System power output and joint power at knee and ankle joints were maximized at 0% 1-RM (p < 0.001) and followed the linear trends (p < 0.001) caused by power output decreasing as the load increased. Power output at the hip was maximized at 42% 1-RM (p = 0.016) and followed a quadratic trend (p = 0.030). Summed joint power could be predicted from system power (p < 0.05), while system power could predict power at the knee and ankle joints under some of the loading conditions. Power at the hip could not be predicted from system power. System power during loaded jumps reflects the power at the knee and ankle, while power at the hip does not correspond to system power.  相似文献   

Measuring the impact of employee loss     

Boyce Byerly 《Performance Improvement》2012,51(5):40-47

Turnover and retention are of major concern to organizations, and require measurement that is meaningful, accurate, and thoughtful. This article describes the main concepts, key factors, and techniques necessary to accurately measure employee loss. Regrettable and nonregrettable turnover are considered, analysis techniques are presented using case studies, strategies for controlling turnover are described, and an explanation of how improved measurement of turnover and retention can help implement organizational strategy is presented.  相似文献   

Comparative Evaluations of Early Intervention Alternatives: A Response to Commentaries by Guralnick and Telzrow     

Karl R. White  Glenna C. Boyce  Glendon Casto  Mark S. Innocenti  Matthew J. Taylor  Linda Goetze  Diane Behl 《Early education and development》1994,5(1):56-68

This article responds to two commentaries by Guralnick (1993) and Telzrow (1993) published in the October 1993 issue of Early Education and Development. The commentaries addressed the six longitudinal, comparative studies from the Early Intervention Research Institute's (EIRI's) investigations of the effects and costs of early intervention for children with disabilities. In this response to their thoughtful critique, we clarify details of our research design and procedures that may have been unclear. We also discuss the specificity and consistency with contemporary developmental/ecological issues raised by Guralnick We contend that the interventions investigated address important questions about age at start, intensity, and parent involvement with which today's service providers contend. We give our opinion on how the results of these studies should be interpreted, and emphasize their implications for other second-generation early intervention research.  相似文献   

Sharing Books and Learning Language: What do Latina Mothers and Their Young Children Do?     

Lisa K. Boyce  Gina A. Cook  Lori A. Roggman  Mark S. Innocenti  Vonda K. Jump  James F. Akers 《Early education and development》2004,15(4):371-386

This study examined low-income, Spanish-speaking, immigrant Latina mothers' book sharing behaviors in relation to their children's vocabulary. Participants were 47 3-year-old children and their mothers. We addressed two research questions: (a) What interactive behaviors are evident when low-income immigrant Latina mothers and their 3-year-old children look at books together? (b) For these children and their mothers, which book-sharing behaviors are related to children's expressive language? Overall, our results indicated that mothers were involved in several kinds of interactions with the books. They enhanced their children's attention to the printed text, promoted interaction or conversation with their children about what was in the books, and somewhat less often, used more complex literacy strategies. Mothers who did these things most had children with the largest vocabularies even when mothers' vocabulary was taken into account. Implications for designing interventions for similar families are discussed.  相似文献   

Pressing Issues in College Counseling: A Survey of American College Counseling Association Members     

Timothy B. Smith  Brenda Dean  Suzanne Floyd  Christopher Silva  Momoko Yamashita  Jared Durtschi  Richard A. Heaps 《Journal of College Counseling》2007,10(1):64-78

The authors conducted a survey of members of the American College Counseling Association to ascertain the experiences and opinions of college counselors on several pressing issues within the college counseling profession. Survey results from 133 respondents indicated that counseling centers may benefit from increasing the number of group counseling interventions by increasing the multicultural competence of services provided, by implementing crisis/disaster mental health initiatives, and by more effectively consulting with other professionals on campus.  相似文献   

Recruiting,Funding, and Hiring of Doctoral Students in Physical Education Teacher Education     

Barbara Ann Boyce  Matt Curtner-Smith  Oleg Sinelnikov 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2016,68(4):394-405

ABSTRACT

This article examines trends and issues surrounding recruiting, funding, and hiring of doctoral physical education teacher education (D-PETE) students and graduates. Sources for this examination were background data collected by Boyce and her colleagues, the existing literature on these topics, and qualitative data gathered from 30 sport pedagogists during one round-table session at the National Association for Kinesiology in Higher Education (NAKHE) conference in January 2015. All three sources indicated the importance of recruiting and funding of students and hiring of graduates to the future of D-PETE programs. A number of paths were identified which sport pedagogists could follow in order to keep D-PETE programs safe and help them flourish. Unfortunately, agreement as to which of these paths the field should take was often in short supply. In the conclusions section, suggestions for future research of recruiting, funding, and hiring are made with the goal of providing data which could lead to sport pedagogists making more informed decisions regarding the future direction of D-PETE.  相似文献   

Characteristics of a cognitive tool that helps students learn diagnostic problem solving     

Jared A. Danielson  Eric M. Mills  Pamela J. Vermeer  Vanessa A. Preast  Karen M. Young  Mary M. Christopher  Jeanne W. George  R. Darren Wood  Holly S. Bender 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2007,55(5):499-520

Three related studies replicated and extended previous work (J.A. Danielson et al. (2003), Educational Technology Research and Development, 51(3), 63–81) involving the Diagnostic Pathfinder (dP) (previously Problem List Generator [PLG]), a cognitive tool for learning diagnostic problem solving. In studies 1 and 2, groups of 126 and 113 veterinary students, respectively, used the dP to complete case-based homework; groups of 120 and 199, respectively, used an alternative method. Students in the dP groups scored significantly higher (p = .000 and .003, respectively) on final exams than those in control groups. In the third study, 552 veterinary students responding to a questionnaire indicated that the dP’s gating and data synthesis activities aided learning. The dP’s feedback and requirement of completeness appear to aid learning most.  相似文献   

Working for Independence by Working Together: a case study of an information technology consultancy with a secondary mathematics department     

Libby Jared 《Technology, Pedagogy and Education》2013,22(3):307-318

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the research reported in this paper was to investigate strategies to aid teachers in delivering the mathematical component of the English National Curriculum with the help of electronic databases and spreadsheets. It is widely realised within mathematics that information technology remains a relatively neglected part of the curriculum in some schools. The provision of short courses in using spreadsheets and databases as part of a traditional inservice package is often considered to be unsuccessful as a means of enabling teachers to deliver the material back in the classroom. It could be argued that for progress to be made, an expert must spend time working in situ in the school with the teacher(s). Clearly an expert cannot provide such support for every department that requires assistance, so there is a need to develop generally applicable strategies as a springboard for their own means. This paper reports on a case study designed to start the process of developing such strategies.  相似文献   

Secret Shopping as User Experience Assessment Tool     

Crystal M. Boyce 《Public Services Quarterly》2013,9(4):237-253

Secret shopping is a form of unobtrusive evaluation that can be accomplished with minimal effort, but still produce rich results. With as few as 11 shoppers, the author was able to identify trends in user satisfaction with services provided across two entry-level desks at Illinois Wesleyan University's The Ames Library. The focus of this secret shopping program was on user experiences rather than whether correct answers were given by student employees working at the desks. Overall, users were satisfied or very satisfied with their experiences, though user feedback identified one desk as providing consistently better service.  相似文献