Epigenetic Vestiges of Early Developmental Adversity: Childhood Stress Exposure and DNA Methylation in Adolescence     

Marilyn J. Essex  W. Thomas Boyce  Clyde Hertzman  Lucia L. Lam  Jeffrey M. Armstrong  Sarah M. A. Neumann  Michael S. Kobor 《Child development》2013,84(1):58-75

Fifteen‐year‐old adolescents (N = 109) in a longitudinal study of child development were recruited to examine differences in DNA methylation in relation to parent reports of adversity during the adolescents’ infancy and preschool periods. Microarray technology applied to 28,000 cytosine–guanine dinucleotide sites within DNA derived from buccal epithelial cells showed differential methylation among adolescents whose parents reported high levels of stress during their children’s early lives. Maternal stressors in infancy and paternal stressors in the preschool years were most strongly predictive of differential methylation, and the patterning of such epigenetic marks varied by children’s gender. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of prospective associations between adversities in early childhood and the epigenetic conformation of adolescents’ genomic DNA.  相似文献   

Approach–avoidance motivation and metacognitive self-regulation: The role of need for achievement and fear of failure     

Jared M. Bartels  Susan Magun-Jackson 《Learning and individual differences》2009,19(4):459-463

Previous research has indicated that approach–avoidance motivation at the achievement goal level influences the quality of self-regulated learning. Additionally, research indicates that approach–avoidance motivation at the dispositional level is associated with cognitive self-regulated learning strategy use. The present investigation sought to extend this research by examining the relationship between approach–avoidance motivation at the dispositional level and metacognitive self-regulation, as well as the mediational potential of approach–avoidance achievement goals among a sample of undergraduate students (N = 145). Results indicated that need for achievement was significantly related to metacognitive self-regulation and mastery-approach goals partially mediated this relationship. Fear of failure was negatively associated with metacognitive self-regulation; however, performance-avoidance goals did not mediate this relationship. The significance of such individual differences in metacognitive self-regulation is discussed.  相似文献   

Motives,barriers, and ways of communicating in mother-daughter sexuality communication: a qualitative study of college women in Tanzania     

Kathleen Boyce Rodgers  Prisca Tarimo  Jenifer K. McGuire  Marcelo Diversi 《Sex education》2018,18(6):626-639

In Tanzania, young women aged 15–24 are at high risk for HIV and nearly half (45%) of women experience pregnancy or childbirth before age 19. The HIV epidemic has motivated many parents to overcome cultural taboos and talk with their children about sexuality, but few studies in Tanzania have examined how young adults perceive these discussions. In-depth interviews with 31 Tanzanian college women (ages 18–25) reveal how they make sense of sexuality messages from mothers that are sometimes vague, admonishing and fear-based. Participants identified how mothers focused on the health, educational and social consequences of premarital sex and emphasised the avoidance of men as a strategy to maintain virginity. Mothers avoided providing specific information about safer-sex practices, or strategies to negotiate romantic relationships, sexual pressures or sexual desires. Findings offer insight into how relational and cultural contexts influence mothers’ sexual socialisation and can inform education and intervention approaches that consider the changing cultural landscape. Future qualitative research with mothers is recommended to develop programmes that are more responsive to mothers’ and daughters’ needs.  相似文献   

Laterality differences in elite ice hockey: an investigation of shooting and catching orientations     

Puterman J  Schorer J  Baker J 《Journal of sports sciences》2010,28(14):1581-1593

Little is known about the implications of motor asymmetries for skilled performers in dynamic, time-constrained, team-based activities such as ice hockey. Three studies were conducted to examine laterality differences in ice hockey. Study 1 investigated laterality distributions across three leagues of increasing calibre. Among skating players, skill level was related to changes in laterality patterns based on position, while a significant increase in the proportion of left-catching goaltenders was found across the levels of competition. Study 2 examined laterality differences through a 90-year retrospective analysis of player performance measures within an evolving system. Regression analysis indicated right shot preferences were associated with scoring more goals, while left shot preferences were related to assisting more goals. Among goaltenders, right-catching preferences were associated with an increased save percentage compared with left-catching goaltenders. In Study 3, player-goaltender shootout interactions revealed left shooters to be less successful against right-catching goaltenders. Results suggest ice hockey supports models of skilled perception, and provide new information in the area of laterality and strategic frequency-dependent effects in ice hockey.  相似文献   

A journey into the heroic environment. By Rob Lebow Prima Publishing, 1995,131 pp. $10.95 ISBN 1-55958-688-5     

Jared Juusola 《Performance Improvement》1995,34(9):24-24

  相似文献   

文字排列游戏     

Jared 《英语辅导》2003,(5):5-6

  相似文献   

Demonstrating strategy application and goals from a learner's perspective: Examining preservice teachers' talk during literature discussions     

Judy M. Wedman  Nancy L. Smith  Elizabeth J. Jared 《Innovative Higher Education》1994,19(2):139-156

  相似文献   

Automatic and manual indexing performance in a small file of medical literature.     

B Boyce  M Lockard 《Bulletin of the Medical Library Association》1975,63(4):378-385

A test of the performance of an automatic indexing procedure based on the processing of the full text of medical journal articles shows results comparable to those achieved using Excerpta Medica and MEDLARS manual indexing. A file of nineteen documents was partitioned by sixteen questions, for each of which two search strategies in each indexing language were formulated. The results were compared to ideal answers chosen by a fourth-year medical student who read the entire file and posed the questions.  相似文献   

Education reform in the twenty-first century: declining emphases in international organisation reports, 1998–2018     

Patricia Bromley  Lisa Overbey  Jared Furuta  Rie Kijima 《Globalisation, Societies & Education》2021,19(1):23-40

ABSTRACT

The liberal and neoliberal world order is increasingly under attack. Global levels of democracy have been declining for over a decade, accompanied by rollbacks in some kinds of rights. We examine the implications of increasing criticisms of the (neo)-liberal era over time for educational reform discourse around the world by drawing on a unique primary dataset of 473 reports produced by international organisations between 1998 and 2018. Extending insights from neo-institutional theories of organisations, we argue that globalised models of education reform is on a decline as a result of growing attacks on the (neo)-liberal cultural system that has affected education policies around the world. Empirically, we find no evidence that reform emphases continue to grow since the 1990s, and support for arguments that predict stagnant or falling levels of reform discourse.  相似文献   

Give us your genes     

Boyce N 《New scientist (1971)》2000,167(2251):22

  相似文献