Clarity, charity and criticism, wit, wisdom and worldliness: Avoiding intellectual impositions     

David Turnbull  Henry Krips  Val Dusek  Steve Fuller  Alan Sokal  Jean Bricmont  Alan Frost  Alan Chalmers  Anna Salleh  Alfred I. Tauber  Yvonne Luxford  Nicolaas Rupke  Steven French  Peter G. Brown  Hugh LaFollette  Peter Machamer  Nicolas Rasmussen  Andy J. Miller  Marya Schechtman  Ross S. West  John Forge  David Oldroyd  Nancy Demand  Darrin W. Belousek  Warren Schmaus  Sungook Hong  Alan Chalmers  Rachel A. Ankeny  Peter Anstey  Jeremy Butterfield  Harshi Gunawardena 《Metascience》2000,9(3):347-498

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Engaging Educational Research     

Jean Barr 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2000,21(3):311-321

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Universal Service in a Ubiquitous Digital Network     

L. Jean Camp  Rose P. Tsang 《Ethics and Information Technology》2000,2(4):211-221

Before there was the digital divide there was the analog divide– and universal service was the attempt to close that analogdivide. Universal service is becoming ever more complex in terms ofregulatory design as it becomes the digital divide. In order to evaluatethe promise of the next generation Internet with respect to the digitaldivide this work looks backwards as well as forwards in time. Byevaluating why previous universal service mechanisms failed andsucceeded this work identifies specific characteristics ofcommunications systems – in particular in billing and managinguncertainty – and argues that these characteristics underliesuccess or failure in terms of technological ubiquity. Developing a setof characteristics of services rather than a set of services is afundamental break with the tradition of universal service. In fact, theimplications of our proposal is that basic characteristics in theoffering of the service rather than the absolute price are critical toclose the digital divide: certainty of total charge, ability to avoiddeposits or disconnection via best effort service, and payer-basedcontrol of all charges. While all of these principles sound obvious infact none of these hold in the telephony network. Universal service hasevolved from common carriage (serve all with no discrimination) to aright to basic services (100% penetration). Universal service isnow discussed as the digital divide, as the access to information asopposed to services becomes increasingly critical. However, we arediscussing in this paper access to the bits and the network rather thanaccess to the information (or intellectual property) once connected. Theprovision of universal service is seen as a technical problem only in thatthe technology costs money – universal service debates have longbeen the domain of economists. Yet the design of protocols has been thedomain of engineers, the building of systems the corporate domain, andthe discussion of equity the interest of ethicists. The design ofprotocols can define the parameters of the corporate decision-makers,the variables of the economist, and the questions for the ethicist. Thedesign decisions made at the fundamental levels can make communicationsequity more or less likely. In this work I focus on the design ofprotocols for the next generation Internet, protocols which willfundamentally change the best-effort nature of Internet services.Building on the economic and ethnographic work of others I argue thatthe effects of protocols adoption on universal service can be predictedto some degree. By examination of past and current technologies Iexamine a set of technical mechanisms to determine how such mechanismsmight harm or enhance universal service. I define each mechanism (e.g.denial of entry) and offer observations about each particularmechanism's implicit pricing assumptions. I close with a discussion ofinterest to ethicists and regulators on evaluating communicationsprotocols with respect to universal access. Protocols for developingmultiple qualities of service for packet-switched networks have focusedon economic efficiency (e.g. Mackie-Mason, 1995; Choi, Stahl &Winston, 1997; Shapiro & Varian, 1998), billing to encouragewidespread adoption of network innovations (e.g. Xie & Sirbu, 1985)and billing in a manner consistent with the underlying network (e.g.Clark, 1996). Here we examine a set of protocols which include varyingquality of service mechanisms with respect to the compatibility of theprotocols with universal access.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Jean Floud  Allen Salzman  Lillian Hoddeson 《Minerva》1988,26(2):273-296

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Turning the library upside down: Reorganization using total quality management principles     

Donna K. Fitch  Unit Coordinator  Jean Thomason  Associate Director  Elizabeth Crabtree Wells  Special Collection Coordinator 《The Journal of Academic Librarianship》1993,19(5)

Professional staff at Samford University's Davis Library began to plan for vast organizational changes in the summer of 1990. This article describes their application of TQM principles to preparing for and implementing a restructuring of the Library and discusses the results of this reorganization.  相似文献   

Note sur les perspectives de l'enseignement     

Jean Fourastié 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1958,4(1):139-151

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Mass Elites on the Threshold of the 1970's     

Mary Jean Bowman 《比较教育学》1970,6(3):141-160

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Announcements     

Jean Noronha 《Reading and writing》1991,3(1):93-94

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Cognitive reality of multidimensional information processing in knowledge assessment by experts     

Jean -Paul Caverni  Jean -Luc Péris 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1992,7(2):109-122

Two experiments were designed in order to examine the knowledge assessment task accomplished by French teachers assessing essays written by French native secondary school students. The focus of the study bears on the potentially multidimensional nature of the processing of evaluation cues. In the experimental conditions conventionally designed to test multidimensional evaluation models or techniques, information about each object to be evaluated (and hence, the dimensions along which objects are compared with each other) are explicitly provided to the subject from some external source. The experiments presented here were aimed at studying information processing by experts performing an evaluation task in which the experts themselves are required to: (i) define the relevant dimensions to be used in the evaluation and (ii) elaborate the necessary information about each of those dimensions for each object (in this case, native language essays). The question is to find out whether or not the information processing carried out by such subjects is multidimensional. If evaluators do in fact perform multidimensional processing of information, this implies not only that evaluation cues belong to differentiated classes (Experiment 1), but also that cues belonging to the same class are processed with respect to each other before being processed with respect to cues of another class (Experiment 2). The results obtained here support that conclusion. Both experiments used the self-paced display paradigm. Subjects were presented with segments of text on a computer screen, and the display time for each segment was recorded. Random coloration of errors belonging to three evaluator-defined classes was found to increase display time on the corresponding segments.  相似文献   

METRO--the creation of a taxonomy for medical education     

Haig A  Ellaway R  Dozier M  Liu D  McKendree J 《Health information and libraries journal》2004,21(4):211-219

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