Solving arithmetic word problems: an analysis of classification as a function of difficulty in children with and without arithmetic LD     

García AI  Jiménez JE  Hess S 《Journal of learning disabilities》2006,39(3):270-281

This study was designed to determine a word problem difficulty classification in children with arithmetic learning disabilities (ALD; n = 104) in comparison with typically achieving students (n = 44). We tested variables such as (a) semantic structure (Change, Combine, Compare, and Equalize), (b) operation (subtraction and addition), and (c) position of the unknown quantity in the problem. Facet theory with multidimensional scaling techniques (MINISSA) was used to analyze the underlying dimensions in the responses of each group of participants. Our results indicate that although the word problem difficulty classifications for the 2 groups of children were different, the position of the unknown quantity had a greater influence on the level of difficulty of story problems than other variables. The noncanonical problems--specifically, those with the unknown term in the first place--although difficult for both groups of children, were the most difficult problems for children with ALD.  相似文献   

Sign language Web pages   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Fels DI  Richards J  Hardman J  Lee DG 《American annals of the deaf》2006,151(4):423-433

The WORLD WIDE WEB has changed the way people interact. It has also become an important equalizer of information access for many social sectors. However, for many people, including some sign language users, Web accessing can be difficult. For some, it not only presents another barrier to overcome but has left them without cultural equality. The present article describes a system that allows sign language-only Web pages to be created and linked through a video-based technique called sign-linking. In two studies, 14 Deaf participants examined two iterations of signlinked Web pages to gauge the usability and learnability of a signing Web page interface. The first study indicated that signing Web pages were usable by sign language users but that some interface features required improvement. The second study showed increased usability for those features; users consequently couldnavigate sign language information with ease and pleasure.  相似文献   

Breaking the ice: HPT challenges in the acquisition of a New Heavy icebreaker     

Commander Don Triner  Lieutenant Commander Jim Morrison 《Performance Improvement》2005,44(6):14-19

  相似文献   

The Meaning of the Web     

Jim Falk 《The Information Society》1998,14(4):285-293

Speculation about the meaning of the Net (the Internet and potentially associated networks) and its most rapidly developing dimension, the Web (the World Wide Web), are both symptoms and components of a broader reshaping of world politics, economy, and culture. These changes challenge many of the categories within which we have grown used to thinking about the shape and meaning of society and its future. For individuals and local communities, the promises, hopes, and fears associated with the growth of the Web have particular poignancy as they face the challenge of establishing and asserting their identity in a ever more complicated and interdependent world and, through that, finding a strategy for achieving the sort of future they would like to live. The Net and the Web are technologies that promise us access to the world, but they and their associated social and economic trends challenge many of the premises upon which our identity is forged. The Net facilitates the development of new forms of transnational community organization, opening up the promise of more effective ways of acting as citizens across the broader social terrains in which it must be expressed. This article reconsiders the traditional theoretical tools that we have available to understand these issues. It addresses some of the central difficulties and possibilities available to us in rethinking identity, exploring the new promising cultural potential of the Web and Net in a more integrated and simultaneously fragmenting world.  相似文献   

A Tale of Two Presidents: The Rise and Fall of Division I Athletics at Birmingham-Southern College     

Jim Watkins 《国际体育史杂志》2017,34(11):1088-1111

Abstract

In 1999, Birmingham-Southern College (BSC) announced that they were leaving the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics to join the highest rank of the National Collegiate Athletic Association-Division I. While competing in Division I, the size of BSC’s athletic budget was in the bottom 10 per cent. By 2006, the Board of Trustees at Birmingham-Southern voted to reclassify to Division III. Why did Birmingham-Southern decide to enter Division I? How did the academic mission of Birmingham-Southern play a role in the rise to Division I or the fall to Division III? What role, if any, did the presidents of Birmingham-Southern play in its joining and leaving Division I? One reason Birmingham-Southern decided to compete at the Division I level was because their leaders believed in the ‘Flutie Factor’, which is the concept that athletic success will benefit the entire institution. BSC’s transition into Division I during 1999 suggests that the commercialization of big-time college athletics encourages presidents to overemphasize athletics, and that they face little opposition when doing so. Moreover, the opposition to BSC’s reclassification into Division III during 2006 suggests that presidents face more resistance when attempting to lead their college into a less prestigious level of competition, even if the move better fits the college’s academic mission.  相似文献   

Sprint performance and mechanical outputs computed with an iPhone app: Comparison with existing reference methods     

Natalia Romero-Franco  Pedro Jiménez-Reyes  Adrián Castaño-Zambudio  Fernando Capelo-Ramírez  Juan José Rodríguez-Juan  Jorge González-Hernández 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(4):386-392

The purpose of this study was to assess validity and reliability of sprint performance outcomes measured with an iPhone application (named: MySprint) and existing field methods (i.e. timing photocells and radar gun). To do this, 12 highly trained male sprinters performed 6 maximal 40-m sprints during a single session which were simultaneously timed using 7 pairs of timing photocells, a radar gun and a newly developed iPhone app based on high-speed video recording. Several split times as well as mechanical outputs computed from the model proposed by Samozino et al. [(2015). A simple method for measuring power, force, velocity properties, and mechanical effectiveness in sprint running. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12490] were then measured by each system, and values were compared for validity and reliability purposes. First, there was an almost perfect correlation between the values of time for each split of the 40-m sprint measured with MySprint and the timing photocells (r?=?0.989–0.999, standard error of estimate?=?0.007–0.015?s, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)?=?1.0). Second, almost perfect associations were observed for the maximal theoretical horizontal force (F₀), the maximal theoretical velocity (V₀), the maximal power (P_max) and the mechanical effectiveness (DRF – decrease in the ratio of force over acceleration) measured with the app and the radar gun (r?=?0.974–0.999, ICC?=?0.987–1.00). Finally, when analysing the performance outputs of the six different sprints of each athlete, almost identical levels of reliability were observed as revealed by the coefficient of variation (MySprint: CV?=?0.027–0.14%; reference systems: CV?=?0.028–0.11%). Results on the present study showed that sprint performance can be evaluated in a valid and reliable way using a novel iPhone app.  相似文献   

Validity of the “Samsung Health” application to measure steps: A study with two different samsung smartphones     

Vicente J. Beltrán-Carrillo  Alejandro Jiménez-Loaisa  Miriam Alarcón-López  Jose L. L. Elvira 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(7):788-794

The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of a highly popular pedometer application (Samsung Health). Sixteen adults (28.8 ± 8.9 years of age) wore two Samsung smartphone models, Samsung Galaxy Core Prime (SGCP) and Samsung Galaxy S4 (SGS4), at three body locations (waist, arm, and hand) while walking and running over a 50-m test. All trials were recorded using a video as a gold standard measure of step counts. Results indicated that the validity of Samsung Health varied depending on the smartphone model, its body location, and the type of gait (walking and running). Samsung Health showed acceptable validity when the SGCP was located on the hand (Bias = ?8.3%; RMSE = 5.6), and especially on the arm (Bias = ?7.2%; RMSE = 4.9) while running, and when the SGS4 was located on the arm (Bias = ?7.5%; RMSE = 5.4), and especially on the waist (Bias = 5.4%; RMSE = 3.7) while walking. Samsung Health only showed good validity when the SGS4 was located on the arm (Bias = 2.9%; RMSE = 3.6), and especially on the hand (Bias = 0.5%; RMSE = 2.5) while running. This application showed unacceptable validity in the remaining options.  相似文献   

Jump height loss as an indicator of fatigue during sprint training     

Pedro Jiménez-Reyes  Fernando Pareja-Blanco  Víctor Cuadrado-Peñafiel  Juan Párraga  Juan José González-Badillo 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(9):1029-1037

This study analysed the acute mechanical and metabolic responses to a sprint training session focused on maintaining maximal speed until a given speed loss was reached. Nine male high-level sprinters performed 60 m running sprints up to a 3% in speed loss with 6 min rests between sets. Mechanical responses (countermovement jump (CMJ) height and speed loss) and metabolic responses (blood lactate and ammonia concentrations) were measured pre-exercise and after each set was performed. Jump height loss showed almost perfect relationships with both lactate (r = 0.91) and ammonia (r = 0.91) concentrations. In addition, nearly perfect relationships were observed for each athlete between CMJ height loss and lactate (r = 0.93–0.99) and ammonia (r = 0.94–0.99). Very large correlations were found between speed loss and lactate (r = 0.83), and ammonia (r = 0.86) concentrations. Furthermore, close relationships were observed for each athlete between speed loss and lactate (r = 0.86–0.99), and ammonia (r = 0.88–0.98). These results suggest that the CMJ test may allow more accurate setting of training loads in sprint training sessions, by using an individualised sprint dose based on mechanical and physiological responses rather than a standard fixed number of sprints for all athletes.  相似文献   

Water for the City,Fountains for the People: Monumental Fountains in the Roman East     

Javier Martínez Jiménez 《Al-Masaq: Islam & the Medieval Mediterranean》2016,28(1):107-109

  相似文献   

Snap-N-Send: A valid and reliable method for assessing the energy intake of elite adolescent athletes     

Nessan Costello  Kevin Deighton  Joshua Dyson  Jim Mckenna  Ben Jones 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(8):1044-1055

To ensure that elite adolescent athletes meet their unique training, growth and maturation demands, it is imperative to have access to valid measures of energy intake. Contemporary methods demand close attention-to-detail, meaning that athletes often do not fully adhere to real-time protocols. This study represents the first investigation of a real-time dietary assessment designed using a comprehensive behaviour change framework (COM-B). In a crossover design, 12 elite adolescent male rugby players recorded their energy intake via an estimated food diary (est-FD) and photography-based mobile assessment (‘Snap-n-Send’), combined with a 24-h dietary recall interview. Two 4-day assessment periods were divided into three separate recording environments: 96?h free-living and researcher-observed; 72?h free-living and 10?h researcher-observed. Assessment periods were one month apart. All foods and beverages were provided and weighed by the research team to quantify actual intakes. ‘Snap-n-Send’ reported a small mean bias for under-reporting across 96?h (?0.75?MJ?day^?1; 95% confidence interval [CI] for bias?=??5.7% to ?2.2%, p?<?.001), 72?h (?0.76?MJ?day^?1; 95% CI for bias?=??5.6% to ?2.1%, p?=?.004) and 10?h (?0.72?MJ?day^?1; 95% CI for bias?=??8.1% to ?0.1%; p?=?.067) environments. The est-FD reported a moderate mean bias for under-reporting across 96?h (?2.89?MJ?day^?1; 95% CI for bias?=??17.9% to ?10.2%; p?<?.001), 72?h (?2.88?MJ?day^?1; 95% CI for bias?=??17.9% to ?10.1%; p?<?.001) and 10?h (?2.52?MJ?day^?1;?26.1% to ?5.3%; p?=?.023) environments. Results evidence the ability of ‘Snap-n-Send’ to accurately assess the diet of elite adolescent athletes, signalling the exciting promise of this comprehensive and theoretical behavioural approach within valid dietary assessment.  相似文献