‘We’re not going to suffer like this in the mud’: educational aspirations,social mobility and independent child migration among populations living in poverty     

Jo Boyden 《Compare》2013,43(5):580-600

This article examines the association between formal education, social mobility and independent child migration in Ethiopia, India (Andhra Pradesh), Peru and Vietnam and draws on data from Young Lives, a longitudinal study of childhood poverty and schooling. It argues that among resource-poor populations, child migration sustains kin relations across generations and households and also facilitates children’s progression through the life-course, thus it is fundamental to social reproduction. It reasons that formal education has greatly amplified this trend. Schooling has acquired symbolic value as the prime means of escaping household poverty and realising ambitions for social mobility. As such, elevated educational aspirations combine with systems shortcomings to stimulate school selection, school transfer and school-related child migration. The article concludes by examining the implications for children, for social reproduction and for policy.  相似文献   

Conceptualising gender and violence in research: Insights from studies in schools and communities in Kenya,Ghana and Mozambique     

Jenny Parkes  Jo Heslop  Samwel Oando  Susan Sabaa  Francisco Januario  Asmara Figue 《International Journal of Educational Development》2013

Gender and violence are complex and contested concepts, understood in varying ways in research, policy and interventions in education. Often there has been an emphasis on acts of violence, with much less attention to the social conditions and gender relations behind these acts. This paper discusses the development of a conceptual framework that emphasises not just acts and individuals, but also transformation of gendered power relations and inequities, alongside a focus on addressing the identity conflicts and struggles of everyday life. The framework underpins research, advocacy and community interventions in a multi-partnered project on violence against girls led by ActionAid.  相似文献   

Improving teaching and learning of basic maths and reading in Africa: Does teacher preparation count?     

Kwame Akyeampong  Kattie Lussier  John Pryor  Jo Westbrook 《International Journal of Educational Development》2013

Teacher education has an important role in ensuring quality of learning especially for the poorest children. The article draws on a study of teacher preparation for the early primary grades in six African countries – Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Senegal, Tanzania and Uganda – in reading and mathematics. Initial teacher education had the strongest impact on newly qualified teachers but also induced misplaced confidence leading to standardised teacher-led approaches that failed to engage learners. Learning to read was divorced from meaning while mathematical activities were not linked to learning concepts. We suggest that teacher education is reconstructed as a study of classroom practice that places children's learning at its centre.  相似文献   

Girls claiming education rights: Reflections on distribution,empowerment and gender justice in Northern Tanzania and Northern Nigeria     

Elaine Unterhalter  Jo Heslop  Andrew Mamedu 《International Journal of Educational Development》2013

The article considers the analytical connection between two approaches to discussing girls’ schooling and gender justice. One trend considers injustice primarily as a question of inequalities in distribution and raises few questions about the nature of the gender norms associated with inequitable distribution. A second approach looks at issues of empowerment, the ways in which structural gendered inequalities in the political economy and socio-cultural formations constrain the capacity of girls inside and outside school to claim the rights promised by education, but tends to underplay issues of distribution. The article considers what the relationship between these two approaches to gender justice might be though a detailed discussion of baseline data collected in 2008 for the NGO led TEGINT (Transforming education for girls in Nigeria and Tanzania) project. Girls’ identification of the obstacles to claiming education rights and possible solutions are used as proxies for empowerment, while different features of distribution are examined with regard to gender parity in access and progression, governance and management, and teacher qualifications. Quantitative data based on responses to a survey allows for correlation between aspects of distribution and empowerment to be considered across different contexts. The strongest association between empowerment and distribution is found with regard to the levels of teachers’ qualifications, although there is not sufficient data to explain the reasons for this. The conclusion highlights the importance of contextual factors in understanding the relationships between distribution and empowerment evident from the data and the importance of designing future studies to look more closely at the dynamic two way relationship of distributional and empowerment aspects of gender justice in education.  相似文献   

The Impact of Doctoral Study on Marital Satisfaction     

Rebecca Groves Brannock  Mary Jo Litten  Janet Smith 《Journal of College Counseling》2000,3(2):123-130

The purpose of the study was to determine whether marital relationships of doctoral students were affected while they were enrolled in graduate programs. The stratified sample consisted of 54 participants who completed the Demographics and Structured Questionnaire, Locke‐Wallace Marital Adjustment Test, and Index of Marital Satisfaction. There were no significant differences among the marital satisfaction levels of graduate students at different stages in their program. Significant differences were found in relationship to several of the research questions, however. Specifically, a significant difference was found in the marital satisfaction of couples involved in marital therapy. Spouses who also were students scored significantly higher in marital satisfaction than spouses who were not students. Areas of discord that affected marital satisfaction during graduate school were philosophy of life, demonstration of affection, and sexual relations.  相似文献   

Library purchasing consortia: the UK periodicals supply market     

David Ball  Jo Pye 《Learned Publishing》2000,13(1):25-35

This article is based on surveys undertaken for a British Library Research and Innovation Centre/Library and Information Commission‐funded research project. It describes the models of operation of purchasing consortia in two library sectors (health and higher education) and their expenditure patterns. Present and future savings deriving from consortial activity and the effects of consortia on periodicals suppliers are discussed. The article closes by predicting future activity.  相似文献   

Students’ Experience of a Distance Learning Professional Development Course in Literacy Education     

Jo Weinberger 《Literacy》2000,34(2):90-95

With the advent of the National Curriculum and other centralised initiatives creating pressure for narrowly skills‐focused forms of professional development, the need to make explicit the merits of an alternative model, that enables teachers to be reflective and analytic as an intrinsic part of their professional development becomes all the more urgent. The study reported here outlines the experiences of 14 students who made up the first cohort to complete a Masters Degree in literacy by distance learning. It examines why they chose the particular course and the impact of it on their professional development, their careers and their working practices. It investigates the problems involved in studying through distance learning particularly regarding access to relevant materials. The study points to the need for on‐going research into how HE courses and INSET can adapt effectively to changing needs in changing times  相似文献   

Towards a new cosmopolitan social contract: social trends and political challenges     

Sousa  João Carlos 《Metascience》2020,29(3):493-496

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Cardiorespiratory fitness and telomere length: a systematic review     

Adilson Marques  Élvio Rubio Gouveira  Miguel Peralta  João Martins  Joed Venturini  Duarte Henriques-Neto 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(14):1690-1697

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to systematically review the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and telomere length (TL). Studies were identified from searches in Cochrane Central, PubMed, Scopus, Sportdiscus, and Web of Science databases through July 2019. Eligibility criteria included: cross-sectional, prospective, and experimental study design; outcomes included TL; results expressed the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and TL; studies published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. A total of 20 articles met the inclusion criteria. Sixteen studies (80%) reported a significant relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness, or training load, and TL. Better cardiorespiratory fitness or a large cardiorespiratory training load are associated with an increase in TL. Although, TL was related to regular moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness in older healthy humans, it was not related to cardiorespiratory fitness among young subjects. There seems to be a positive and significant relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and TL, mainly among middle age and older people, which emphasizes the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness for healthy ageing. Therefore, endurance exercise and better cardiorespiratory fitness may regulate the TL in middle age and older adults, slowing the cellular ageing process.  相似文献   

Literacy skills of welfare recipients     

Prof. George E. Marsh II  Carolyn Pollan  Anna C. McFadden  Barrie Jo Price 《The Urban Review》1990,22(4):299-304

Illiteracy is considered to be a significant barrier to employment. Programs are being established to require literacy education and work programs of welfare recipients. The purpose of this study was to determine the literacy skills of a random sample of welfare recipients. One-hundred and six welfare subjects were administered theWoodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery and a comprehensive interview form. Using common criteria to separate the sample into the literate and functionally illiterate, the groups were found to differ significantly on intellectual capabilities. It was concluded that illiteracy is associated with subaverage intellectual functioning among persons on welfare. A number of recommendations were made pertaining to policy.  相似文献