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651.
652.
Many corporate Human Resource Development (HRD) department staff are type-cast as trainers. They have tried to become human performance technologists and have found it difficult to accomplish. This article describes how developing and implementing a set of strategic plans guided one HRD department through its evolution from delivering conventional training to delivering multiple performance improvement interventions. It will show how projects were selected, developed, and managed over a three-year period to meet the customer's critical business issues and the HRD department's strategic plan. 相似文献
653.
Embodied cognition as grounding for situatedness and context in mathematics education 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rafael E. Núñez Laurie D. Edwards João Filipe Matos 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1999,39(1-3):45-65
In this paper we analyze, from the perspective of 'Embodied Cognition', why learning and cognition are situated and context-dependent.
We argue that the nature of situated learning and cognition cannot be fully understood by focusing only on social, cultural
and contextual factors. These factors are themselves further situated and made comprehensible by the shared biology and fundamental
bodily experiences of human beings. Thus cognition itself is embodied, and the bodily-grounded nature of cognition provides
a foundation for social situatedness, entails a reconceptualization of cognition and mathematics itself, and has important
consequences for mathematics education. After framing some theoretical notions of embodied cognition in the perspective of
modern cognitive science, we analyze a case study – continuity of functions. We use conceptual metaphor theory to show how
embodied cognition, while providing grounding for situatedness, also gives fruitful results in analyzing the cognitive difficulties
underlying the understanding of continuity.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
654.
Hume C Okely A Bagley S Telford A Booth M Crawford D Salmon J 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2008,79(2):158-165
This study sought to determine whether weight status influences the association among children's fundamental movement skills (FMS) and physical activity (PA). Two hundred forty-eight children ages 9-12 years participated. Proficiency in three object-control skills and two locomotor skills was examined. Accelerometers objectively assessed physical activity. Body mass index was calculated to determine weight status. Correlations between physical activity and FMS proficiency were evident among boys and girls. No significant interaction was apparent when examining FMS proficiency scores, PA variables, and weight status. Future studies should examine a broader range of skills and types of activities to better characterize this relationship and to inform the promotion of movement skill proficiency and PA. 相似文献
655.
Bjørn Harald Olstad João Rocha Vaz Christoph Zinner Jan M.H. Cabri Per-Ludvik Kjendlie 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(11):1107-1117
The aims of this study were to describe muscular activation patterns and kinematic variables during the complete stroke cycle (SC) and the different phases of breaststroke swimming at submaximal and maximal efforts. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was collected from eight muscles in nine elite swimmers; five females (age 20.3 ± 5.4 years; Fédération Internationale de Natation [FINA] points 815 ± 160) and four males (27.7 ± 7.1 years; FINA points 879 ± 151). Underwater cameras were used for 3D kinematic analysis with automatic motion tracking. The participants swam 25 m of breaststroke at 60%, 80% and 100% effort and each SC was divided into three phases: knee extension, knee extended and knee flexion. With increasing effort, the swimmers decreased their SC distance and increased their velocity and stroke rate. A decrease during the different phases was found for duration during knee extended and knee flexion, distance during knee extended and knee angle at the beginning of knee extension with increasing effort. Velocity increased for all phases. The mean activation pattern remained similar across the different effort levels, but the muscles showed longer activation periods relative to the SC and increased integrated sEMG (except trapezius) with increasing effort. The muscle activation patterns, muscular participation and kinematics assessed in this study with elite breaststroke swimmers contribute to a better understanding of the stroke and what occurs at different effort levels. This could be used as a reference for optimising breaststroke training to improve performance. 相似文献
656.
The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the acute and chronic effects of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) ingestion on Wingate performance. Following a search through PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, 9 studies were found meeting inclusion criteria (6 acute and 3 chronic). Random-effects meta-analysis of standardized mean difference (SMD) for peak and mean power was performed. Study quality was assessed using the QualSyst. Results of the meta-analysis showed that acute ingestion of NaHCO3 did not improve Wingate test peak (weighted average effect size Hedges’s g = 0.02, 95%CI: – 0.19 to 0.23, P = 0.87) or mean power (weighted average effect size Hedges’s g = 0.15, 95%CI: ?0.06 to 0.36, P = 0.92). However, chronic ingestion of NaHCO3 improved Wingate test peak (weighted average effect size Hedges’s g = 1.21, 95%CI: 0.83 to 1.42, P = 0.001) and mean power (weighted average effect size Hedges’s g = 1.26, 95%CI: 0.96 to 1.56, P = 0.001). Quality assessment of selected articles was classified as strong. This meta-analysis provides evidence that chronic, but not acute, ingestion of NaHCO3 increases both Wingate test peak and mean power. 相似文献
657.
Kelly de Jesus Helon Vicente Hultmann Ayala Leandro dos Santos Coelho João Paulo Vilas-Boas Ricardo Jorge Pinto Fernandes 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(13):1512-1520
We aimed to compare multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural networks, radial basis function neural networks (RBF) and linear models (LM) accuracy to predict the centre of mass (CM) horizontal speed at low-moderate, heavy and severe swimming intensities using physiological and biomechanical dataset. Ten trained male swimmers completed a 7 × 200 m front crawl protocol (0.05 m.s?1 increments and 30 s intervals) to assess expiratory gases and blood lactate concentrations. Two surface and four underwater cameras recorded independent images subsequently processed focusing a three-dimensional reconstruction of two upper limb cycles at 25 and 175 m laps. Eight physiological and 13 biomechanical variables were inputted to predict CM horizontal speed. MLP, RBF and LM were implemented with the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (feed forward with a six-neuron hidden layer), orthogonal least squares algorithm and decomposition of matrices. MLP revealed higher prediction error than LM at low-moderate intensity (2.43 ± 1.44 and 1.67 ± 0.60%), MLP and RBF depicted lower mean absolute percentage errors than LM at heavy intensity (2.45 ± 1.61, 1.82 ± 0.92 and 3.72 ± 1.67%) and RBF neural networks registered lower errors than MLP and LM at severe intensity (2.78 ± 0.96, 3.89 ± 1.78 and 4.47 ± 2.36%). Artificial neural networks are suitable for speed model-fit at heavy and severe swimming intensities when considering physiological and biomechanical background. 相似文献
658.
Kate Parker Anna Timperio Jo Salmon Karen Villanueva Helen Brown Irene Esteban-Cornejo Veronica Cabanas-Sánchez José Castro-Pi?ero David Sánchez-Oliva Oscar L. Veiga 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,(4):447-453
Background: Children and adolescents can be distinguished by different typologies (clusters) of physical activity and sedentary behavior. How physical activity ... 相似文献
659.
Marcin Lewiński Dale Hample João Sàágua Dima Mohammed 《Journal of International and Intercultural Communication》2018,11(3):233-253
We report data on Portuguese understandings of interpersonal arguing, based on a survey conducted in Portugal (N?=?252). Employing concepts and methods developed for studying interpersonal arguing, we report on the levels of argumentativeness, verbal aggressiveness, personalization of conflict, and argument frames. After comparing Portuguese men and women, we compare Portuguese respondents with two groups of US respondents. In contrast to US respondents, Portuguese report to argue more prosocially, cooperatively and civilly, and are more sophisticated in their reflections about arguing. We discuss these results in the context of the Portuguese notion of argumentation (argumentação) and Portuguese culture more broadly. 相似文献
660.
As surgical procedures continue to be more complex, the need for more effective training in anatomy has increased. The study of anatomy plays a significant role in the understanding of the human body as well as in basic and advanced clinical training. Among the different cadaver models, fresh frozen cadavers (FFCs) are known for their realistic tissue quality. The purpose of this article was to review and summarize the preparation procedures for and reported cases involving FFCs. PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies. The preparation procedures were divided into five steps: washing, irrigation, freezing, defrosting, and arterial infusion. Not all steps were reported to be mandatory, but omitting one or more could result in a loss of quality. FFCs were reported to be used for various purposes: undergraduate education, general surgery training, vascular surgery training, minimal access surgery (laparoscopic surgery) training, and microsurgery training. In all categories, expert opinions and statistical analyses indicated successful outcomes. The reasons for high satisfaction with FFCs included realistic texture, capability of reenacting actual operations, and accuracy of anatomical locations. The results also revealed the importance and advantages of the dissection courses in surgical training. Since the direct comparison between cadaver models is insufficient, future studies regarding this topic are deemed necessary. In addition, it would be advantageous to develop methods to improve FFC quality, or ideas to optimize this model for certain purposes. 相似文献