Effects of participation in a martial arts–based antibullying program in elementary schools     

Stuart W. Twemlow  Bridget K. Biggs  Timothy D. Nelson  Eric M. Vernberg  Peter Fonagy  Stephen W. Twemlow 《Psychology in the schools》2008,45(10):947-959

This study evaluated the Gentle Warrior Program, a traditional martial arts–based intervention to reduce aggression in children, as it was implemented in three elementary schools. The sample consisted of 254 children in grades 3, 4, and 5 who participated in the Gentle Warrior Program as part of a larger school violence intervention. Results indicated that boys who participated in more Gentle Warrior sessions reported a lower frequency of aggression and greater frequency of helpful bystanding (i.e., helpful behavior toward victims of bullying) over time, relative to boys with less frequent participation. The effect of participation on aggression was partially mediated by empathy. The effect of participation on helpful bystanding was fully mediated by changes in student empathy. No significant results were found for girls. Results of the study provide preliminary support for the use of martial arts–based interventions to address bullying in schools for boys, by teaching empathy, self‐control, and peaceful strategies to resolve conflicts. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

A behaviour‐genetic analysis of orthographic learning,spelling and decoding     

Brian Byrne  William L. Coventry  Richard K. Olson  Jacqueline Hulslander  Sally Wadsworth  John C. DeFries  Robin Corley  Erik G. Willcutt  Stefan Samuelsson 《Journal of Research in Reading》2008,31(1):8-21

As part of a longitudinal twin study of literacy and language, we conducted a behaviour‐genetic analysis of orthographic learning, spelling and decoding in Grade 2 children (225 identical and 214 fraternal twin pairs) in the United States and Australia. Each variable showed significant genetic and unique environment influences. Multivariate analyses revealed very high genetic correlations among the variables, indicating that the same genes are involved in their aetiology. These genes are partly independent of those contributing to intelligence. A further analysis indicated that the covariation between decoding and orthographic learning is mediated by shared genes rather than by a direct causal path. The authors argue that a learning parameter, most directly assessed by orthographic learning in this study, underlies all three literacy variables. The results are also discussed in relation to Share's self‐teaching hypothesis, which may require modification.  相似文献   

Relational victimization: The association between recalled adolescent social experiences and emotional adjustment in early adulthood     

Allison G. Dempsey  Eric A. Storch 《Psychology in the schools》2008,45(4):310-322

Although the relationship between relational victimization and psychosocial adjustment in adolescence has been established, it is unknown whether it extends into early adulthood. The current retrospective study investigated the relationship between recall of adolescent relational victimization and symptoms of depression, social anxiety, and loneliness in 205 undergraduate students. The effects of gender and perceived social support on these relationships were assessed, as were the psychometric qualities of the Relational Victimization Questionnaire (RVQ). Recalled adolescent relational victimization was related to increased symptoms of depression and social anxiety; neither gender nor perceived social support affected the strength of these relationships. Results indicated that the RVQ has adequate internal consistency and a single factor structure. Implications for psychologists working with adolescents are highlighted. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

Creating a web of support: an important leadership strategy for advancing campus diversity     

Adrianna Kezar  Peter Eckel  Melissa Contreras-McGavin  Stephen John Quaye 《Higher Education》2008,55(1):69-92

Research demonstrates that leadership, particularly among presidents, is important for moving a diversity agenda forward and make appreciable progress on it. The research questions pursued here are: What is the role of the college president in advancing a diversity agenda? What strategies do presidents identify as important to facilitating a diversity agenda? There were three main findings: (1) strategies are deployed in a non-linear way best represented through a web metaphor, (2) six sets of actors that serve as key nodes on the web and specific strategies were crucial to enhancing and deepening the web-developing an internal network, hiring, mentoring, partnering with faculty on the curriculum, supporting student affairs staff, working directly with and learning from students, and establishing external networks; and, (3) strategies within the human resource frame are noted by presidents as particularly important to moving a diversity agenda forward.  相似文献   

Enhancing curriculum and delivery: linking assessment to learning objectives     

Kathryn L. Combs  Sharon K. Gibson  Jane Saly  John T. Wendt 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2008,33(1):87-102

Typical university‐wide course evaluations do not provide instructors with sufficient information on the effectiveness of their courses. This article describes a course assessment and enhancement model where student feedback can be used to improve courses and/or programs. The model employs an assessment tool that measures student perceptions of importance and their current competence in course‐specific learning objectives both pre‐ and post‐course. Information gained from this assessment enables course improvement over time and also allows for modification in delivery and/or content of the current course. This model is intended to augment traditional course evaluation mechanisms based on specific and actionable feedback on learning objectives.  相似文献   

The teaching–research nexus and the importance of context: a comparative study of England and Sweden     

John Taylor 《Compare》2008,38(1):53-69

The teaching–research nexus has been studied by many researchers, mainly looking at pedagogic links and direct benefits arising from the interaction of both activities. The paper takes a comparative approach, looking at the relationship between teaching and research in four universities from two different countries. This paper argues that contextual factors are vital in shaping the nature of the relationship and also identifies differences between disciplines in how these contextual factors may be understood. In particular, the contrasting structural and political contexts provided by two different national settings are seen to have a crucial role in shaping institutional activity.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Fred D’Agostino  Neil Taylor  John G. Hedberg  Jennie Lynch  John M. Malouff 《高等教育研究与发展》2008,27(3):297-304

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The Perceptions of Success Inventory for Beginning Teachers: Measuring its psychometric properties   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kristen A. Corbell  Alan J. Reiman  John L. Nietfeld 《Teaching and Teacher Education》2008,24(6):1551-1563

This study investigated the construction and evaluation of an instrument called the Perceptions of Success Inventory for Beginning Teachers (PSI-BT) intended to measure factors documented in research that contribute to beginning teachers’ perceptions of success. The PSI-BT was found to assess the following factors using exploratory factor analysis: (1) Administrative Support, (2) Classroom Climate, (3) Mentor Support, (4) Colleague and Instructional Resource Support, (5) Commitment, and (6) Assignment and Workload. Internal reliability, content validity, and concurrent validity were also measured in the validation process. Our findings suggest that the PSI-BT provides a reliable and valid instrument that can provide schools with valuable feedback to ensure the success of their beginning teachers.  相似文献   

In these uncertain times: Educators build cultural awareness through planned international experiences   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

John Kambutu  Lydiah W. Nganga 《Teaching and Teacher Education》2008

This narrative inquiry explored the effectiveness of planned international experiences in promoting cultural awareness, understanding and appreciation among American educators. Participating educators (n=12) were immersed in foreign cultures for 2–3 weeks during three different summers. To document the effectiveness of cultural immersion, participants completed pre- and post-visit surveys. Pre-visit data showed lack of cultural awareness. After the visit, however, participants had gained broader awareness, understanding and appreciation of host cultures such that familiar cultural practices were rarely used as the only point of reference. Follow-up interviews showed possible sustained acculturation.  相似文献   

No Service to Learning: “Service-Learning” Reappraised     

John B. Egger 《Academic Questions》2008,21(2):183-194

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