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91.
Stephen R. Hooper Lara-Jeane Costa Matthew McBee Kathleen L. Anderson Donna C. Yerby Sean B. Knuth Amy Childress 《Reading and writing》2011,24(2):221-252
The primary purpose of this study was to examine several key questions related to the neuropsychological contributors to early
written language. First, can we develop an empirical measurement model that encompasses many of the neuropsychological components
that have been deemed as important to the development of written language? Second, once derived, will the neuropsychological
components of this model remain stable over first and second grades or will the model change in its composition? Third, will
the strength of the relationships between neuropsychological components and writing outcomes be constant over time, or will
the strength of the relationships change over time? Finally, will the derived empirical model show significant concurrent
and predictive relationships with written expression? The sample included 205 first grade students recruited from a single
school district who were followed into the second grade via two cohorts: Measures were aligned with major neuropsychological
components as extracted from theoretical models of written expression and available empirical findings examining the neuropsychological
contributors to writing in children. These domains included fine-motor speed, language, short-term memory, long-term memory,
and various attention/executive functions including working memory. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) and longitudinal structural
equation modeling (SEM) methods documented that three core latent traits were present and stable at both grades 1 and 2: Fine-Motor,
Language, and Attention/Executive Functions. The overall model was highly related to written expression and spelling at both
grades 1 and 2, with the first grade latent traits accounting for 52 and 55% of the variance in second grade written expression
and spelling, respectively. At both grades, the Language and Attention/Executive Functions latent traits were more highly
associated with written expression and spelling than the Fine-Motor latent trait. 相似文献
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93.
Tertiary Education and Management - This paper develops a conceptual framework to understand the value of an increasing number of university study programmes that send students to the global south... 相似文献
94.
A new model for aggregating multiple criteria evaluations for relevance assessment is proposed. An Information Retrieval context is considered, where relevance is modeled as a multidimensional property of documents. The usefulness and effectiveness of such a model are demonstrated by means of a case study on personalized Information Retrieval with multi-criteria relevance. The following criteria are considered to estimate document relevance: aboutness, coverage, appropriateness, and reliability. 相似文献
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This article examines the nature of the gap in household telephone penetration among Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics. By analyzing historic and current penetration levels of the radio, television, and telephone, it suggests that most information technology gaps are amalgamations of smaller socioeconomic trends and can be discerned and reduced only with careful historical analysis of both technology choices and living patterns. It proposes localized universal service strategies, since the penetration gaps are affected by a complex array of factors more particular to localities than to the country as a whole and as such must be investigated with rigor and caution if progress toward the elimination of penetration gaps is to occur. 相似文献
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This investigation reports the effects of chewing caffeinated gum on race performance with trained cyclists. Twenty competitive cyclists completed two 30-km time trials that included a maximal effort 0.2-km sprint each 10-km. Caffeine (~3–4 mg · kg?1) or placebo was administered double-blind via chewing gum at the 10-km point following completion of the first sprint. Measures of power output, oxygen uptake, heart rate, lactate and perceived exertion were taken at set intervals during the time trial. Results indicated no substantial differences in any measured variables between caffeine and placebo conditions during the first 20-km of the time trial. Caffeine gum did however lead to substantial enhancements (mean ± 90% confidence limits (CLs)) in mean power during the final 10-km (3.8% ± 2.3%), and sprint power at 30-km (4.0% ± 3.6%). The increases in performance over the final 10-km were associated with small increases in heart rate and blood lactate (effect size of 0.24 and 0.28, respectively). There were large inter-individual variations in the response to caffeine, and apparent gender related differences in sprint performance. Chewing caffeine gum improves mean and sprint performance power in the final 10-km of a 30-km time trial in male and female cyclists most likely through an increase in nervous system activation. 相似文献
100.
Esther Ubago-Guisado Alba Gómez-Cabello Javier Sánchez-Sánchez Jorge García-Unanue Leonor Gallardo 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(16):1710-1718
The aim of this study was to analyse whether there are differences in bone mass in girls playing different sports. Two hundred girls (10.6 ± 1.5 years old, Tanner stages I–III) participated in the study and were divided into groups of 40 (swimmers, soccer players, basketball players, handball players and controls). Bone mineral content and bone mineral density (BMD) (whole body and hip) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The degree of sexual development was determined using Tanner test, and physical activity habits were recorded through a questionnaire designed ad hoc for this research. Girls were divided by pubertal stage and the type of sport. In the prepubertal group, intertrochanteric BMD was significantly higher in both handball and soccer players compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, in the pubertal group, total BMD, mean arms BMD, pelvis BMD, femoral neck BMD, intertrochanteric BMD and Ward’s triangle BMD were significantly higher in soccer and handball players compared with the control group (P < 0.05), and the swimmers showed significantly higher values in the mean arms BMD compared with the control group (P < 0.01). Our data suggest that sport practice during puberty, especially in activities that support the body weight, may be an important factor in achieving a high peak bone mass and improving bone health in girls. 相似文献