Learning for autonomy     

Jose Rivero 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1989,35(4):445-461

There is a need for a new concept of post-literacy which goes beyond the learning of codes. The target population is defined on the basis of their need to be given the capacity to take decisions on essential economic, civic, political and day-to-day aspects of their lives.The main arena of post-literacy lies in the countries of the Third World, where the economic crisis has serious effects on the quality of life and impairs the motivation to learn. Particular reference is made to the concept of participation and to the ability to determine four types of basic educational need: fundamental needs, productivity needs, social service needs and community organization needs.Four Latin American programmes linked to these four types of need are presented and discussed in terms of their particular features: popular participation in decision making; the search for methods and techniques which give the population a certain degree of autonomy; and respect for the cultures and world visions of the communities in the conduct of post-literacy, educational innovation and other activities. The programmes are: post-literacy in Nicaragua (fundamental education needs); research on post-literacy and employment in 13 countries (productivity needs); the CIPCA project for peasants in Piura, on the northern coast of Peru (social service needs); and the Talking Maps project developed with the Paez community in Cauca, Colombia (community organization needs).

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Zusammenfassung Ein neues Nachalphabetisierungskonzept, das über das Erlernen von Codes hinausgeht, wird benötigt. Die Zielgruppe wird aufgrund ihrer Bedürfnisse genau bestimmt, die sie dann in die Lage versetzen soll, Entscheidungen über wichtige ökonomische, staatsbürgerliche, politische und alltägliche Aspekte ihres Lebens zu treffen.Das Hauptgebiet der Nachalphabetisierung liegt in den Ländern der Dritten Welt, wo die Wirtschaftskrise ernsthafte Auswirkungen auf die Lebensqualität hat und die Lernmotivation beeinträchtigt. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wird auf das Konzept der Partizipation gelenkt und auf die Fähigkeit, vier Arten von Grundbedürfnissen der Bildung festzusetzen: fundamentale Bedürfnisse, Produktivitätsbedürfnisse, Bedürfnisse im Sozialbereich und in der Gemeindeorganisation.Vier lateinamerikanische Programme, die mit diesen vier Arten von Grundbedürfnissen verbunden sind, werden in Bezug auf ihre besonderen Merkmale vorgestellt und erörtert: Beteiligung der Bevölkerung an Entscheidungsprozessen; die Suche nach Methoden und Techniken, die der Bevölkerung einen gewissen Grad an Autonomie verleihen; Achtung vor den Kulturen und Weltvisionen der Gemeinden bei der Ausführung der Nachalphabetisierung, der Innovationen auf dem Bildungssektor und anderer Aktivitäten. Diese Programme sind: Nachalphabetisierung in Nicaragua (fundamentale Bildungsbedürfnisse); Forschung über Nachalphabetisierung und Beschäftigung in 13 Ländern (Produktivitätsbedürfnisse); das CIPCA-Projekt für die Landbevölkerung in Piura an der Nordküste Perus (Bedürfnisse im Sozialbereich); und das sprechende Landkarten-Projekt, das mit der Paezgemeinde in Cauca, Kolumbien entwickelt wurde (Bedürfnisse in der Gemeindeorganisation).

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Résumé Un nouveau concept de post-alphabétisation, qui transcende l'apprentissage de codes, s'avère nécessaire. On définit les populations-cibles sur la base de leur besoin de recevoir la capacité de prendre des décisions sur les principaux aspects économiques, civiques, politiques et courants de leurs vies.Le champ d'activité de la postalphabétisation se trouve essentiellement dans les pays du Tiers Monde, où la crise économique produit des effets sérieux sur la qualité de la vie et entrave la motivation à l'apprentissage. On mentionne en particulier le concept de participation et l'aptitude à déterminer quatre types de besoins éducatifs de base: les besoins fondamentaux, les besoins en matière de productivité, de services sociaux et d'organisation de la communauté.Quatre programmes d'Amérique latine liés à ces quatre types de besoin sont présentés et examinés en fonction de leurs caractéristiques particulières: la participation des populations à la prise de décision; la recherche de méthodes et de techniques qui donnent à la population un certain degré d'autonomie; et le respect des cultures et des visions du monde des communautés lors de la conduite des programmes de post-alphabétisation, d'innovations éducatives et autres. Ces programmes sont: la post-alphabétisation au Nicaragua (besoins éducatifs fondamentaux); la recherche sur la post-alphabétisation et l'emploi dans 13 pays (besoins en matière de productivité); le projet CIPCA à l'adresse des paysans de Piura, situé sur la côte nord du Pérou (besoins en matière de services sociaux); et le projet Cartes parlantes développé avec la communauté Paez dans le Cauca, en Colombie (besoins d'organisation de la communauté).

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Studying mathematics problem-solving classrooms. A comparison between the discourse of in-service teachers and student teachers     

Javier Rosales  Josetxu Orrantia  Santiago Vicente  Jose M. Chamoso 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2008,23(3):275-294

In the article we compare the approaches of 3 in-service teachers and 3 student teachers when they tried to solve a verbal arithmetic problem in the classroom. Each interaction was studied using a System of Analysis that takes into account the cognitive processes involved in the solution of a mathematic problem and describes the interaction at different levels showing what is done and to what degree teachers and/or pupils are responsible for what is done. The results of the study suggest that both groups of teachers are different in how they direct the student’s attention toward the essential aspects implied in the resolution of word problem. On the one hand, the in-service teachers guaranteed students’ understanding of the problem before dealing with the solution, while students teachers only did so when pupils committed errors. On the other hand, the in-service teachers allowed a high level of student participation, while student teachers took a more prominent role so children’s participation was lower.  相似文献   

A Systematic Approach to Designing,Implementing, and Evaluating Learner-Generated Digital Media (LGDM) Assignments and Its Effect on Self-regulation in Tertiary Science Education     

Reyna  Jorge  Hanham  Jose  Vlachopoulos  Panos  Meier  Peter 《Research in Science Education》2021,51(6):1501-1527

Research in Science Education - This study explored the self-regulation strategies and learning experiences of undergraduate science students completing Learner-Generated Digital Media (LGDM)...  相似文献   

Images of Science Linked to Labwork: A Survey of Secondary School and University Students     

Séré  Marie-Geneviève  Fernandez-Gonzalez  Manuel  Gallegos  Jose A.  Gonzalez-Garcia  Francisco  De Manuel  Esteban  Perales  F. Javier  Leach  John 《Research in Science Education》2001,31(4):499-523

This paper presents findings about the images of science drawn upon in laboratory work, by upper secondary and university students, in academic streams with a science focus. Data were collected through four written questions, administered to a total of 368 students. The questions all required students to comment on laboratory investigations carried out by research scientists or by science students. We show that students' reasoning has an epistemological and an ontological dimension, and that it often differs significantly from accepted perspectives on the nature of science. The issue for teaching appears to be showing students what counts (and what does not count) as appropriate reasoning in actual situations. In other words, explicit teaching about the various relationships that can exist between theory and data would transform labwork towards a more critical process that involves making and justifying decisions.  相似文献   

Vocational education in the Philippines     

Jose R. Vergara  Mona D. Valisno 《Studies in Educational Evaluation》1984,10(1):99-102

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Neighborhood protective strategy for children with special reference to the Philippines     

Maria Lyra T. del Castillo M.S.W. 《Child abuse & neglect》1985,9(4):565-569

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Developing Learning Strategies Based on Research Projects     

Olga Ampuero-Canellas  Jimena Gonzalez-Del-Rio  Jose Ignacio Rojas-Sola 《美中教育评论》2011,(2):162-169

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A comparison of the developmental experiences of elite and sub-elite swimmers: similar developmental histories can lead to differences in performance level     

Michael B. Johnson  Gershon Tenenbaum  William A. Edmonds  Yvonne Castillo 《Sport, Education and Society》2013,18(4):453-475

In this paper, we draw attention to the profound lack of racial diversity as well as the prevalence of whiteness within Canadian faculties of Kinesiology and Physical Education. In support of our argument that there exists an immediate need for equity programming within physical education in higher education, we present the results from two interconnected studies designed to make transparent: (1) the demographic character of faculties of Kinesiology and Physical Education across Canada; as well as (2) the delivery of content related to race, diversity and whiteness within the curriculum. In the first study, we collected website representations of faculty and staff (i.e. photos) as well as lists of curricular offerings for each of the member institutions of the Canadian Council of University Physical Education and Kinesiology Administrators. Website documents were downloaded, analyzed and organized according to criteria related to race and diversity. The follow-up study consisted of interviews with 40 faculty members across Canada where we asked questions pertaining to their perceptions of the faculty setting (i.e. the demographic make-up of their faculty including faculty, staff and students as well as the culture within the faculty) and the curriculum. As a method of triangulation, interview data was used to confirm and inform our analysis of the initial website data; when combined, the analyses provide a comprehensive picture of the cultures of whiteness that exist within physical education in higher education. In order for physical education to be truly inclusive, we call for the development of greater alliances across disciplines and geographic borders such that the hegemony of whiteness within the (physical education) academy can be disrupted.  相似文献   

Development of a virtual tool for learning basic organisation and planning in rural engineering projects     

María Dolores Redel-Macías  Carlos Castillo  Cristina Aguilar Porro  María Polo  Encarnación V. Taguas 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2014,39(5):507-517

This paper presents a virtual lab for the contents of an Engineering project, for designing an agro-industrial building, which is also useful for a range of different transversal courses in Engineering sciences. The aims of this tool are to analyse the most important contents of a project-document (calculation, regulations, drawings and budgets), as well as their relationship with the activities which make up the work and the schedule. The design criteria we considered were: its online applications and their compatibility with Moodle; the inclusion of different learning approaches, such as exploratory learning and inquiry-based learning; its interactivity, and the use of multimedia elements for visualisation and direct analysis on material common to Engineering subjects. The students’ perceptions of the improvements brought by the virtual lab were analysed statistically through a series of questions over two academic years. The results of the questionnaires suggested that most of those who had used the e-learning tool valued positively its overall suitability for reaching the objectives in their subject as well as the way it improved the working methodology. The practical knowledge acquired by the students was also highly valued. In addition, the lack of constraints commonly related to field trips (expenses, time and complexity) illustrates the utility of self-access learning tools in key transversal disciplines such as Engineering projects.  相似文献   

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Sharmistha Karmakar  Deepthi Jose  Ayan Datta 《Resonance》2014,19(2):160-174

Most of the molecules react to form products by climbing a barrier. The energy involved in this climbing of the barrier is known as the activation energy of the reaction. Questions like how fast a reaction occurs can be answered by considering the height of the barrier. However, in some reactions, the reactants transform to products by directly tunnelling across the barrier instead of climbing over it. Such a purely quantum mechanical effect, which becomes more prominent for reactions at low temperatures can lead to interesting and even completely unexpected products. This effect and its consequences in representative examples are discussed.  相似文献