Parental history of positive development and child behavior in next generation offspring: A two-cohort prospective intergenerational study     

Primrose Letcher  Christopher J. Greenwood  Helena McAnally  Jay Belsky  Jacqui A. Macdonald  Elizabeth A. Spry  Kimberly C. Thomson  Meredith O'Connor  Judith Sligo  George Youssef  Jennifer E. McIntosh  Ella Iosua  Delyse Hutchinson  Joyce Cleary  Ann V. Sanson  George C. Patton  Robert J. Hancox  Craig A. Olsson 《Child development》2023,94(1):60-73

This study examined whether positive development (PD) in adolescence and young adulthood predicts offspring behavior in two Australasian intergenerational cohorts. The Australian Temperament Project Generation 3 Study assessed PD at age 19–28 (years 2002–2010) and behavior in 1165 infants (12–18 months; 608 girls) of 694 Australian-born parents (age 29–35; 2012–2019; 399 mothers). The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Parenting Study assessed PD at age 15–18 (years 1987–1991) and behavior in 695 preschoolers (3–5 years; 349 girls) and their New Zealand born parents (age 21–46; 1994–2018; 363 mothers; 89% European ethnicity). In both cohorts, PD before parenthood predicted more positive offspring behavior (β_range = .11–.16) and fewer behavior problems (β_range = −.09 to −.11). Promoting strengths may secure a healthy start to life.  相似文献   

Developing a long‐term condition's information service in collaboration with third sector organisations     

Lesley McShane  Kate Greenwell  Sally Corbett  Richard Walker 《Health information and libraries journal》2014,31(2):106-115

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The 2007 Benjamin Franklin medal in materials engineering, Presented to Merton C. Flemings, Sc.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts     

Stephen M. Copley  Judith A. Todd 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2011,348(3):476-480

The second half of the twentieth century marked the emergence of metal casting, also known as solidification processing, as a field for scientific and engineering inquiry. Merton C. Flemings is recognized internationally for his pioneering work in this field resulting in the development of fundamental understanding and novel processes of commercial importance. Amongst his work is semi-solid metalworking (SSM), an environmentally friendly process, which has led to the development of a new world-wide industry providing lightweight, affordable metallic castings for applications ranging from aerospace, to sporting goods, to consumer electronics.  相似文献   

American and Chinese Children's Evaluations of Personal Domain Events and Resistance to Parental Authority     

Judith G. Smetana  Mun Wong  Courtney Ball  Jenny Yau 《Child development》2014,85(2):626-642

A total of 267 five‐, seven‐, and ten‐year‐olds (M = 7.62), 147 in Hong Kong and 120 in the United States, evaluated hypothetical personal (and moral) events described as either essential or peripheral to actors' identity. Except for young Chinese in the peripheral condition, straightforward personal events were overwhelmingly evaluated as acceptable based on personal justifications. Children primarily endorsed compliance, but attributed negative emotions to actors when mothers forbade personal choices, especially when described as essential to identity. Conventional justifications declined among Chinese children and pragmatic justifications for these judgments increased with age for all children, as did judgments that personal events were up to the child. Rules were seen as more legitimate and events were seen as more up to mothers to decide for moral than personal events.  相似文献   

Development of orthographic knowledge in German‐speaking children: a 2‐year longitudinal study     

Elena Ise  Carolin Judith Arnoldi  Gerd Schulte‐Körne 《Journal of Research in Reading》2014,37(3):233-249

There is growing evidence that children develop orthographic knowledge from the very beginning of literacy acquisition. This study investigated the development of German‐speaking children's orthographic knowledge with a nonword choice task. One nonword in each pair contained a frequent consonant doublet (zommul) and the other nonword contained an infrequent doublet (zobbul). Children (N = 54) performed at chance level in kindergarten but chose nonwords with frequent doublets significantly more often than expected by chance in first and second grade. Correlations between children's orthographic knowledge and their reading and spelling skills were not found. The results indicate that knowledge of frequent double consonants is evident in German‐speaking children from first grade onwards, but it is not related to their reading and spelling performance. This finding is consistent with the view that children in transparent orthographies rely less on frequent letter patterns during reading and spelling compared to children in deep orthographies.  相似文献   

When is “International” Really International?     

Judith S. Lederman  Norman G. Lederman 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2014,25(7):753-757

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Listen Up: What We Can Learn From Women’s Birth and Postpartum Experiences     

Judith A. Lothian 《The Journal of perinatal education》2014,23(1):3-5

In 2013, Childbirth Connection published findings from a U.S. study of women’s pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum experiences, Listening to Mothers III. In this issue of The Journal of Perinatal Education, we publish the major survey findings of both the pregnancy and birth survey and the postpartum survey. This editorial discusses some of the major findings of the childbirth survey. Listening to what mothers have to say about their experiences suggests a mandate to “listen up” to what mothers are telling us and continue to advocate for evidence-based maternity care. Articles in this issue of the journal are presented.  相似文献   

Safe Prevention of the Primary Cesarean Delivery: ACOG and SMFM Change the Game     

Judith A. Lothian 《The Journal of perinatal education》2014,23(3):115-118

Safe Prevention of the Primary Cesarean Delivery, a joint statement of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, changes the rules of maternity care management. The statement reviews the research and uses the findings to make practice recommendations. This article discusses the major recommendations and their importance in decreasing risk and increasing safety for mothers and babies. The articles in the current issue of the journal are also reviewed.  相似文献   

Healthy Birth Practice #4: Avoid Interventions Unless They Are Medically Necessary     

Judith A. Lothian 《The Journal of perinatal education》2014,23(4):198-206

Maternity care in the United States is intervention intensive. The routine use of intravenous fluids, restrictions on eating and drinking, continuous electronic fetal monitoring, epidural analgesia, and augmentation of labor characterize most U.S. births. The use of episiotomy is far from restrictive. These interventions disturb the normal physiology of labor and birth and restrict women’s ability to cope with labor. The result is a cascade of interventions that increase risk, including the risk of cesarean surgery, for women and babies. This article is an updated evidence-based review of the “Lamaze International Care Practices That Promote Normal Birth, Care Practice #4: No Routine Interventions,” published in The Journal of Perinatal Education, 16(3), 2007.  相似文献   

Mental health difficulties among young people on the autistic spectrum in mainstream secondary schools: a comparative study     

Judith Hebron  Neil Humphrey 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2014,14(1):22-32

Young people on the autistic spectrum (AS) may be at an increased risk of developing mental health difficulties, but to date research evidence has been equivocal and/or inadequate. The aim of the current study was to document the mental health profiles of adolescents on the AS, and to identify factors that contribute to difficulties in this area. Mental health profiles of a group of adolescents on the AS (N = 22) were compared with age, gender and special educational needs (SEN)‐provision‐matched control groups of adolescents with dyslexia (N = 21) and with no SEN (N = 23) using the Beck Youth Inventories. Additionally, five participants on the AS participated in semi‐structured interviews about their experience of school. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that adolescents on the AS experienced significantly greater anxiety, depression, anger and lower self‐concept than those with no SEN. They also experienced significantly greater anxiety and anger than those with dyslexia. Qualitative analysis revealed that problems in social relationships, understanding the nature of the AS and disruptions to routine were common contributory factors to the mental health difficulties of participants. However, interview data also revealed key coping strategies implemented by participants to help them overcome their difficulties. The implications of these findings are discussed, and methodological limitations are noted.  相似文献