The misuse and abuse of statistics in biomedical research     

Matthew S. Thiese  Zachary C. Arnold  Skyler D. Walker 《Biochemia medica : ?asopis Hrvatskoga dru?tva medicinskih biokemi?ara / HDMB》2015,25(1):5-11

Statistics are the primary tools for assessing relationships and evaluating study questions. Unfortunately, these tools are often misused, either inadvertently because of ignorance or lack of planning, or conspicuously to achieve a specified result. Data abuses include the incorrect application of statistical tests, lack of transparency and disclosure about decisions that are made, incomplete or incorrect multivariate model building, or exclusion of outliers. Individually, each of these actions may completely invalidate a study, and often studies are victim to more than one offense. Increasingly there are tools and guidance for researchers to look to, including the development of an analysis plan and a series of study specific checklists, in order to prevent or mitigate these offenses.Key words: a priori, analytical plan, statistical methods, disclosure, transparency, biostatistics  相似文献   

Does Helping Keep Teens Protected? Longitudinal Bidirectional Relations Between Prosocial Behavior and Problem Behavior          下载免费PDF全文

Laura M. Padilla‐Walker  Gustavo Carlo  Matthew G. Nielson 《Child development》2015,86(6):1759-1772

The current study examined bidirectional, longitudinal links between prosocial and problem behavior. Participants (N = 500) were recruited from a Northwestern city in the United States and assessed for 3 consecutive years from 2009 to 2011 (M_age of youth at Time 1 = 13.32, SD = 1.05; 52% girls; 67% European American, 33% single‐parent families). Results suggested that effects of earlier prosocial behavior toward family and strangers were predictive of fewer problem behaviors 2 years later, while results for prosocial behavior toward friends were more mixed. Results also suggested depression predicted lower prosocial behavior toward family members and anxiety predicted higher prosocial behavior toward friends. Findings show a complex pattern of relations that demonstrate the need to consider targets of helping.  相似文献   

Pathways From Toddler Information Processing to Adolescent Lexical Proficiency          下载免费PDF全文

Susan A. Rose  Judith F. Feldman  Jeffery J. Jankowski 《Child development》2015,86(6):1935-1947

This study examined the relation of 3‐year core information‐processing abilities to lexical growth and development. The core abilities covered four domains—memory, representational competence (cross‐modal transfer), processing speed, and attention. Lexical proficiency was assessed at 3 and 13 years with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) and verbal fluency. The sample (N = 128) consisted of 43 preterms (< 1750 g) and 85 full‐terms. Structural equation modeling indicated concurrent relations of toddler information processing and language proficiency and, independent of stability in language, direct predictive links between (a) 3‐year cross‐modal ability and 13‐year PPVT and (b) 3‐year processing speed and both 13‐year measures, PPVT and verbal fluency. Thus, toddler information processing was related to growth in lexical proficiency from 3 to 13 years.  相似文献   

Karl Hostetler,Seducing Souls: Education and the Experience of Human Well‐Being          下载免费PDF全文

Judith Suissa 《Educational theory》2015,65(1):73-78

  相似文献   

The quality of written peer feedback on undergraduates’ draft answers to an assignment,and the use made of the feedback     

Mirabelle Walker 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2015,40(2):232-247

The research described here investigated the quality and characteristics of peer feedback given on a draft piece of writing in the context of an undergraduate summative assignment. It also investigated whether the recipients made use of the feedback, with the aim of discovering whether some types of feedback were used in preference to others. The peer feedback was characterised in various ways, and then a comparison with the feedback subsequently given on the polished piece of writing by the tutor was used to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the peer feedback. Although the peers’ feedback had some different characteristics from that of the tutors, it was nevertheless of good quality. The examination of the use the recipients made of the feedback showed that much feedback was ignored. The use recipients made of the feedback depended very little on the characteristics of the feedback received, but did vary strongly across the recipients. The ability level of the recipients was not found to be a factor in this variation. The results of this research suggest that future work needs to focus more on students using feedback than on students giving feedback.  相似文献   

A toolkit for collaborative collection management: the CURL-CoFoR project     

Gregory Walker  Janet Wilkinson 《New Review of Academic Librarianship》2013,19(1):59-69

  相似文献   

A tribute to Egon Guba     

Judith M. Meloy 《International journal of qualitative studies in education》2013,26(6):559-560

  相似文献   

The Existential Gift     

Judith A. Stillion 《The Educational forum》2013,77(3)

  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Bonnie Leonard  Judith Cohen Weiss  Margaret Spencer 《The Urban Review》1976,9(4):263-276

  相似文献   

MARK WALKER     

Mark Walker 《Minerva》2006,44(3):241-250

  相似文献