The Contributions and Prospects of Goal Orientation Theory   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Avi Kaplan  Martin L. Maehr 《Educational Psychology Review》2007,19(2):141-184

In the last two decades, goal orientation theory has become an important perspective in the field of achievement motivation, and particularly in academic motivation. However, as research in the theory has proliferated, the use of multiple methods to assess goal orientations seems to have contributed to theoretical vagueness, especially with regard to the origin, development, and stability of these orientations. This review article starts with a critique of methods used in goal orientation research. The article then suggests six possible theoretical models of goal orientations that seem to be suggested by the literature, including the perspectives of goal orientations as emerging from: situation-schemas, self-schemas, self-prime, needs, values, and situated meaning-making processes. The article concludes with pointing to convergent findings, implications for practice, and persisting as well as emerging issues for future research.

Avi KaplanEmail:

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Predictive validity of the WPPSI-R: A four year follow-up study     

Charles Kaplan 《Psychology in the schools》1996,33(3):211-220

Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised (WPPSI-R) scores obtained prior to enrollment in kindergarten are used to predict academic achievement scores on the Comprehensive Testing Program III at the end of grades 1, 2, and 3. Correlations between achievement and Verbal IQ are significant at all three grade levels, with measures of vocabulary, general knowledge, and verbal concept formation (Similarities) being the most consistent verbal predictors of academic achievement. Performance IQ is a poor predictor of academic achievement, with only 3 out of 16 correlations with achievement reaching significance. The Full Scale IQ's correlations with achievement appear to be due to the contributions of the verbal scale. Results are discussed in terms of their generalizability for this middle- and upper-middle-class sample engaged in a demanding academically-oriented curriculum.  相似文献   

Stabilized generation of precise triangular waves,square waves and trapezoidal waves in three phases     

B.Z. Kaplan 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1980,309(5):379-387

A new three-dimensional compact oscillator model for generating three phases of triangular waves and square waves (and also trapezoidal waves) is developed by considering carefully a recently suggested model for the precise quadrature generation of similar waves in two phases. The properties of the solution of the new model equations are investigated and they suggest that the oscillator should possess applications for the design of relatively simple electronic three phase triangular and square wave generators. “Software” applications of the model and its employment for power systems simulations are also discussed briefly.  相似文献   

On the utilization of sample weights in latent variable models     

David Kaplan  Aaron J. Ferguson 《Structural equation modeling》2013,20(4):305-321

The purpose of this article is to examine the use of sample weights in the latent variable modeling context. A sample weight is the inverse of the probability that the unit in question was sampled and is used to obtain unbiased estimates of population parameters when units have unequal probabilities of inclusion in a sample. Although sample weights are discussed at length in survey research literature, virtually no discussion of sample weights can be found in the latent variable modeling literature. This article examines sample weights in latent variable models applied to the case where a simple random sample is drawn from a population containing a mixture of strata. A bootstrap simulation study is used to compare raw and normalized sample weights to conditions where weights are ignored. The results show that ignoring weights can lead to serious bias in latent variable model parameters and that this bias is mitigated by the incorporation of sample weights. Standard errors appear to be underestimated when sample weights are applied. Results on goodness‐of‐fit statistics demonstrate the advantages of utilizing sample weights.  相似文献   

Identity formation in educational settings: A critical focus for education in the 21st century     

Avi Kaplan  Hanoch Flum 《Contemporary educational psychology》2012

There is growing recognition that identity formation must become an important focus in education. Particularly in the 21st century, when modes of knowledge construction and accessibility to different types of knowledge are rapidly increasing and diversifying, academic learning cannot be divorced from students’ development of values, goals, social roles, and worldviews. The articles in this special issue present a diverse collection of research on students’ identity formation in educational settings. Yet, despite the diversity in perspectives, educational contexts, samples, and research and analytic methods, all of the articles highlight the role of the educational context in identity formation processes. We begin this introduction with a brief review of the increasing attention to identity formation in education. We follow with synopses of each of the articles in this special issue.  相似文献   

Promoting identity exploration within the school curriculum: A design-based study in a Junior High literature lesson in Israel     

Mirit Sinai  Avi Kaplan  Hanoch Flum 《Contemporary educational psychology》2012

This study describes a researcher–educator collaborative intervention that aimed to promote identity exploration among 9th-grade students in a literature lesson. The intervention focused on an introductory lesson about a poem from the curriculum, and involved designing educational activities anticipated to trigger identity exploration, promote a sense of safety, and scaffold exploratory action among students. Analysis of observation of the lesson, students’ products, and post-lesson focus groups suggested that the lesson was successful in eliciting engagement in identity exploration among many, albeit not all, students. The analysis also suggested that exploration-promoting activities contributed to students’ adaptive motivation and engagement in literature and in writing. The findings highlight the complex, dynamic, non-determined, and inherently contextualized nature of identity exploration. The study emphasizes the need for interventions that employ theoretical principles as well as contextual knowledge in the design of educational activities, and the application of continuous design-evaluation cycles, for the successful promotion of identity exploration in educational settings.  相似文献   

Dialectical Tensions Underpinning Family Farm Succession Planning     

Margaret J. Pitts  Craig Fowler  Matthew S. Kaplan  Jon Nussbaum  John C. Becker 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2013,41(1):59-79

Though succession planning is vital if a farm is to survive, many farm families fail to take necessary succession planning actions. Semi-structured interviews conducted with 20 members of nine small-farm families in Pennsylvania revealed that dialectical tensions surrounding a farm transfer influence succession planning readiness and action. This report identifies five indigenous dialectical tensions that influence succession planning and describes five praxis patterns families use to manage them. Practical applications are outlined for agriculture estate planning professionals and others involved in family inheritance communication services to provide effective assistance to farm families in their succession planning efforts.  相似文献   

Variation in I.Q. at the Preschool Level     

W. Line  E. Kaplan 《Journal of Experimental Education》2013,81(2):95-100

The development of an Organizational Assessment Package (OAP) for use by Air Force management consultants is presented. Development was based on a contingency model of effectiveness with separate inventories measuring the major components of the model. Data were collected using the OAP from 4,786 Air Force military and civilian personnel. Factor analyses resulted in 22 factors which were orthogonal within each inventory. Internal consistency indices were computed using the coefficient alpha formula for the highest loading items which defined each factor. Some redundancy between inventories was identified and recommendations for items and factors for an operational OAP were made.  相似文献   

Overcoming the conceptual barriers to understanding evolution     

Jonathan Kaplan 《Metascience》2015,24(1):55-58

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6. GENERAL MEDIA     

Robert D. Singer  Robert M. Kaplan  Jon Baggaley  Steve Duck  Maureen Harmonay  Scott H. Robb 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(3):131-135

Robert D. Singer and Robert M. Kaplan, eds. &;ldquo;Television and Social Behavior,&;rdquo; The Journal of Social Issues 32:4 (Fall 1976, $4.00 per copy from Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, Publication Office, Box 1248, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106)

Jon Baggaley and Steve Duck's Dynamics of Television (Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books [D.C. Heath] , 1977—$15.00

Symposium on Television Violence(Ottawa: Printing and Publishing Supply and Services Canada, 1976—$5.00 in Canada; $6.00 to other countries, paper [also available in the U.S. from Unipub in New York—for $9.25, paper] )

Toward a National Endowment for Children's Broadcasting (Center for Action Research, 20 Nassau St. [Suite 211] , Princeton, N.J. 08540—apparently free on request)

Maureen Harmonay, ed. ACT's Guide to TV Programming for Children— Promise and Performance: Children with Special Needs (Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger Publishing Co. [Lippincott] , 1977—$1230/6.95)

Scott H. Robb's Television/ Radio Age Communications Coursebook (Communications Research Institute, 25 Central Park West [Suite 1B] , New York, N.Y. 10023—$14.50, looseleaf format).

Claude and Barbara Hall's This Business of Radio Programming (Billboard Publications, 1515 Broadway, New York 10036—$15.95)

Frazier, Gross &; Clay Inc.'s Raio in 1985 (Washington: National Association of Broadcasters, 1977—$10.00 to non-members; $5.00 to members, paper)

Traveling F.M. Radio Guide (And/or Press, P.O. Box 2246, Berkeley, Calif. 94702— $2.95, paper  相似文献