World class worldwide: transforming research universities in Asia and Latin America     

Lia Blaj‐Ward 《Compare》2010,40(5):673-674

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Connecting high school physics experiences,outcome expectations,physics identity,and physics career choice: A gender study   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Zahra Hazari  Gerhard Sonnert  Philip M. Sadler  Marie‐Claire Shanahan 《科学教学研究杂志》2010,47(8):978-1003

This study explores how students' physics identities are shaped by their experiences in high school physics classes and by their career outcome expectations. The theoretical framework focuses on physics identity and includes the dimensions of student performance, competence, recognition by others, and interest. Drawing data from the Persistence Research in Science and Engineering (PRiSE) project, which surveyed college English students nationally about their backgrounds, high school science experiences, and science attitudes, the study uses multiple regression to examine the responses of 3,829 students from 34 randomly selected US colleges/universities. Confirming the salience of the identity dimension for young persons' occupational plans, the measure for students' physics identity used in this study was found to strongly predict their intended choice of a physics career. Physics identity, in turn, was found to correlate positively with a desire for an intrinsically fulfilling career and negatively with a desire for personal/family time and opportunities to work with others. Physics identity was also positively predicted by several high school physics characteristics/experiences such as a focus on conceptual understanding, real‐world/contextual connections, students answering questions or making comments, students teaching classmates, and having an encouraging teacher. Even though equally beneficial for both genders, females reported experiencing a conceptual focus and real‐world/contextual connections less frequently. The explicit discussion of under‐representation of women in science was positively related to physics identity for female students but had no impact for male students. Surprisingly, several experiences that were hypothesized to be important for females' physics identity were found to be non‐significant including having female scientist guest speakers, discussion of women scientists' work, and the frequency of group work. This study exemplifies a useful theoretical framework based on identity, which can be employed to further examine persistence in science, and illustrates possible avenues for change in high school physics teaching. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47: 978–1003, 2010  相似文献   

Bridging scientific reasoning and conceptual change through adaptive web‐based learning     

Hsiao‐Ching She  Ya‐Wen Liao 《科学教学研究杂志》2010,47(1):91-119

This study reports an adaptive digital learning project, Scientific Concept Construction and Reconstruction (SCCR), and examines its effects on 108 8th grade students' scientific reasoning and conceptual change through mixed methods. A one‐group pre‐, post‐, and retention quasi‐experimental design was used in the study. All students received tests for Atomic Achievement, Scientific Reasoning, and Atomic Dependent Reasoning before, 1 week after, and 8 weeks after learning. A total of 18 students, six from each class, were each interviewed for 1 hour before, immediately after, and 2 months after learning. A flow map was used to provide a sequential representation of the flow of students' scientific narrative elicited from the interviews, and to further analyze the level of scientific reasoning and conceptual change. Results show students' concepts of atoms, scientific reasoning, and conceptual change made progress, which is consistent with the interviewing results regarding the level of scientific reasoning and quantity of conceptual change. This study demonstrated that students' conceptual change and scientific reasoning could be improved through the SCCR learning project. Moreover, regression results indicated students' scientific reasoning contributed more to their conceptual change than to the concepts students held immediately after learning. It implies that scientific reasoning was pivotal for conceptual change and prompted students to make associations among new mental sets and existing hierarchical structure‐based memory. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47: 91–119, 2010  相似文献   

Four case studies,six years later: Developing system thinking skills in junior high school and sustaining them over time     

Orit Ben‐Zvi‐Assaraf  Nir Orion 《科学教学研究杂志》2010,47(10):1253-1280

This study examines the process by which system thinking perceptions develop within the context of a water cycle curriculum. Four junior high school students undergoing an especially designed inquiry‐based intervention were closely observed before, during, immediately after, and 6 years after completing a year long systems‐based learning program. The employed research tools included observations, semi‐structured interviews, and a number of “concept viewing” tools (drawings, concept maps, and repertory grids). Out of the data, four distinct “stories,” each presenting a different way of constructing hydro system mental models, are described. The paper's main conclusion is that students develop their systems mental models and remember the learned material based on learning patterns that tend to remain unchanged over time. Consequently, in order to facilitate efficient and lasting construction of students' system models, learning experiences should harness these, and especially the meta‐cognitive learning pattern, which holds special significance for constructing systems. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47: 1253–1280, 2010  相似文献   

Reduction of disruptive behaviors using an intervention based on the Good Behavior Game and the Say‐Do‐Report Correspondence     

Rosario Ruiz‐Olivares  M. José Pino  Javier Herruzo 《Psychology in the schools》2010,47(10):1046-1058

Disruptive behavior can waste a great deal of teaching time in the classroom, leading to feelings of frustration in teachers and an increase in academic failure among pupils. Prior research indicates that intervening in these kinds of behaviors improves the classroom atmosphere and facilitates the learning process. With this in mind, the aims of this article are to (a) reduce the incidence of disruptive behaviors such as standing up without the teacher's permission, shouting, fighting, and interrupting the teacher or a fellow classmate, using a combination of the Good Behavior Game (GBG) and Say‐Do‐Report (S‐D‐R) Correspondence training; (b) achieve long‐term maintenance of results following the gradual withdrawal of the intervention; and (c) introduce the GBG in a different educational context than those discussed so far in the empirical literature. The intervention took place with the 15 children of a standard primary classroom (Cycle 1) at a state‐run school in Andalusia (Spain). Using a multiple baseline design across situations, the GBG and Say not‐not Do‐Request not (Sn‐nD‐Rn) Correspondence training were introduced. A significant reduction in the incidence of disruptive behavior was observed, contingent on the respective application of the intervention in each baseline. The combined application of the GBG and the S‐D‐R Correspondence proved to be an effective way of decreasing disruptive behaviors (shouting, interrupting, etc.) in the classroom, and the results were maintained for 1 year following the gradual withdrawal of the treatment. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

Comparison of efficiency measures for academic interventions based on acquisition and maintenance     

Matthew K. Burns  Heather E. Sterling‐Turner 《Psychology in the schools》2010,47(2):126-134

Previous research has demonstrated the importance of examining the instructional efficiency of academic interventions and has defined efficiency as the number of items learned per instructional minute. Maintenance of the skill is also an important instructional goal, however. Therefore, the current study compared efficiency metrics using initial learning and maintenance with 25 fourth‐grade students. Each student was taught the pronunciation and English translation of 12 words from the Esperanto international language with two instructional conditions (six words for each condition). The first condition was traditional drill (TD) rehearsal with all unknown words, and the second was incremental rehearsal (IR) with one unknown and eight known words. Results indicated that, although the IR condition led to significantly more words being retained, TD was significantly more efficient using initial learning. The two conditions were equally efficient, however, when maintenance data were used. Therefore, evaluating the efficiency of instructional interventions should consider maintenance data as well. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

IX. RISK, CAUSATION, MEDIATION, AND MODERATION     

Robert Kumsta  Michael Rutter  Suzanne Stevens  Edmund J. Sonuga‐Barke 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》2010,75(1):187-211

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I. INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF EARLY INSTITUTIONAL DEPRIVATION ON DEVELOPMENT: BACKGROUND AND RESEARCH STRATEGY OF THE ENGLISH AND ROMANIAN ADOPTEES (ERA) STUDY     

Michael Rutter  Edmund J. Sonuga‐Barke  Jennifer Castle 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》2010,75(1):1-20

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Syntactic boundaries and comma placement during silent reading of Chinese text: evidence from eye movements     

Gui‐Qin Ren  Yufang Yang 《Journal of Research in Reading》2010,33(2):168-177

In an eye‐tracking experiment, we investigated whether and how a comma influences the reading of Chinese sentences comprised of different types of syntactic constituent such as word, phrase and clause. Participants read Chinese sentences that did or did not insert a comma at the end of a syntactic constituent. The results showed that the fixation times were shorter for the target word followed by a comma than for that followed by no comma, which suggests that a comma facilitated word identification during the reading of Chinese sentences. Furthermore, the insertion of commas shortened the total fixation times in the post‐target region only for the clause condition. The data are consistent with previous findings concerning the role of segmentation cues in reading, and compatible with the implicit prosody hypothesis.  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEWS     

Nick Mitchell  Gill Boag‐Munroe  Amanda French  Moritz Bilagher 《British Educational Research Journal》2010,36(4):691-697

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