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101.
Kathy Sylva Brenda Taggart Iram Siraj‐Blatchford Vasiliki Totsika Katharina Ereky‐Stevens Rose Gilden 《International Journal of Early Years Education》2007,15(1):49-65
The purpose of this paper is to show how curricular quality is related to the day‐to‐day activities experienced by children and the pedagogical activities of staff, both coded through systematic target‐child observations. Data were drawn from the Effective Provision of Pre‐School Education (EPPE) and the Researching Effective Pedagogy in the Early Years (REPEY) studies. Curricular quality was measured by coding the ECERS‐E, an English curricular extension to the well‐known ECERS‐R. In centres scoring high on the ECERS‐E, staff engaged in pedagogical practices that included more ‘sustained shared thinking’ and more ‘direct teaching’ such as questioning or modelling. In high‐scoring centres, children were also observed participating in more activities associated with early reading, emergent writing and active listening. Children in centres assessed as ‘adequate’ spent more time in activities associated with the ‘Physical Development’ and ‘Creative’ curriculum. Thus the ECERS‐E gives higher scores to pedagogical practices and activities where staff take a more active role in children’s learning, including scaffolding young children’s play, especially in the communication and literacy domains of the curriculum. 相似文献
102.
Implementation Intentions for Improving Self-Regulation in Multimedia Learning: Why Don’t They Work?
AbstractLearners face several self-regulatory challenges during multimedia learning: choosing adequate cognitive strategies (cognitive self-regulation), relying on their own learning abilities (motivational self-regulation), and investing sufficient effort (behavioral self-regulation). Implementation intentions (plans that help transform intentions into action) can support self-regulation. We expected that cognitive, motivational, or behavioral implementation intentions improved learning, compared to a control group. In a first experiment, we found weak evidence that cognitive and behavioral implementation intentions improved learning, whereas motivational implementation intentions reduced learning. However, replication failed in two follow-up experiments. Our findings contradict previous research and suggest that implementation intentions are not suitable to support multimedia learning. Future research should focus on possible boundary conditions that could account for the unexpected and unstable findings. 相似文献
103.
Anne Schüler Katharina Scheiter Erlijn van Genuchten 《Educational Psychology Review》2011,23(3):389-411
A lot of research has focused on the beneficial effects of using multimedia, that is, text and pictures, for learning. Theories
of multimedia learning are based on Baddeley’s working memory model (Baddeley 1999). Despite this theoretical foundation, there is only little research that aims at empirically testing whether and more importantly
how working memory contributes to learning from text and pictures; however, a more thorough understanding of how working memory
limitations affect learning may help instructional designers to optimize multimedia instruction. Therefore, the goal of this
review is to stimulate such empirical research by (1) providing an overview of the methodologies that can be applied to gain
insights in working memory involvement during multimedia learning, (2) reviewing studies that have used these methodologies
in multimedia research already, and (3) discussing methodological and theoretical challenges of such an approach as well as
the usefulness of working memory to explain learning with multimedia. 相似文献
104.
Peter Gerjets Katharina Scheiter Julia Schuh 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2008,56(1):73-92
Global comparisons of learning from hypertext/hypermedia and traditional presentation formats like text have yet failed to
show major advantages concerning the effectiveness of hypermedia learning. Thus, it is proposed in the current paper to evaluate
hypermedia environments more specifically with regard to their potential to implement and support well-defined learning approaches.
According to this view, an effective hypermedia design needs to be based on thorough cognitive task analyses with regard to
structures, processes, and resources that are required to benefit from a specific learning approach. This claim is illustrated
by two experiments in which we explored the instructional potential of hypermedia environments for improving schema acquisition
from worked-out examples. A cognitive task analysis was used to identify specific types of information comparisons that are
crucial for successful schema induction and that might be effectively supported by suitably designed hypermedia environments.
The experiments investigated two methods for enhancing comparison processes in hypermedia-assisted learning from worked-out
examples, namely, elaboration prompts and an interactive comparison tool. Both methods improved performance for near-transfer
problems. Ways of extending this task-analytical approach to facilitating far transfer are also discussed.
相似文献
| Peter GerjetsEmail: |
105.
Carina Lüke Angela Grimminger Katharina J. Rohlfing Ulf Liszkowski Ute Ritterfeld 《Child development》2017,88(2):484-492
Early identification of primary language delay is crucial to implement effective prevention programs. Available screening instruments are based on parents' reports and have only insufficient predictive validity. This study employed observational measures of preverbal infants' gestural communication to test its predictive validity for identifying later language delays. Pointing behavior of fifty‐nine 12‐month‐old infants was analyzed and related to their language skills 1 year later. Results confirm predictive validity of preverbal communication for language skills with the hand shape of pointing being superior compared to the underlying motives for pointing (imperative vs. declarative). Twelve‐month‐olds who pointed only with their open hand but never with their index finger were at risk for primary language delay at 2 years of age. 相似文献
106.
Ralph Depke Gregor Engels Katharina Mehner Stefan Sauer und Annika Wagner 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》1999,14(2):83-94
Zusammenfassung. Multimedia-Anwendungen sind interaktive Softwaresysteme und verlangen als solche, mit softwaretechnischen Methoden erstellt
zu werden. Sie werden heutzutage in der Regel mit Hilfe von Autorensystemen entwickelt, die eine Ad-hoc-Entwicklung auf Implementierungsniveau
unterstützen. Hierdurch und wegen des Fehlens etablierter Vorgehensmodelle für die Multimedia-Softwareentwicklung reduziert
sich der Multimedia-Entwicklungsproze? auf die Implementierungsphase. Dies führt zu den in der Softwaretechnik bekannten Problemen
wie mangelnder Konzeption und fehlender Dokumentation. Wir stellen in diesem Beitrag ein Vorgehensmodell für die Entwicklung
von Multimedia-Anwendungen vor, in dessen Mittelpunkt eine Analyse- und Entwurfsphase im Hinblick auf eine Implementierung
der Multimedia-Anwendung mit einem Autorensystem stehen. Ausgehend von einem frameworkbasierten Analysemodell der Anwendung
und einem Modell der Realisierungsm?glichkeiten mit einem konkreten Autorensystem wird systematisch ein Implementierungsmodell
auf Instanzebene abgeleitet, das als Eingabe für das Autorensystem verwendet wird. Das postulierte Vorgehensmodell wird exemplarisch
für das Autorensystem Director am Beispiel der Dom?ne multimedialer Lehr-/Lernanwendungen erl?utert.
Eingegangen am 2. November 1998 / Angenommen am 18. M?rz 1999 相似文献
107.
108.
Visual displays are very frequently used in learning materials. Although visual displays have great potential to foster learning, they also pose substantial demands on learners so that the actual learning outcomes are often disappointing. In this article, we pursue three main goals. First, we identify the main difficulties that learners have when learning from visual displays. Knowledge about these difficulties is an important basis for selecting appropriate support procedures. Second, we present an overview of empirically tested support procedures and the evidence about their effectiveness. We distinguish between material-oriented interventions and learner-oriented interventions. Material-oriented interventions are, for example, reducing the visual displays’ complexity, cueing/signaling, or physically integrating text and pictures. Learner-oriented interventions refer to the training of learning prerequisites, pre-training, and prompting. Third, we outline fruitful lines of further research with a specific focus on (a) the tentative explanations we provide on the basis of the best available evidence, (b) promising but not yet fully approved support procedures, and (c) important issues that have largely not been researched up to now. 相似文献
109.
Katharina Scheiter Carina Schubert Peter Gerjets Kim Stalbovs 《Journal of Experimental Education》2015,83(2):266-289
Despite the general effectiveness of multimedia instruction, students do not always benefit from it. This study examined whether students’ learning from multimedia can be improved by teaching them relevant learning strategies. On the basis of current theories and research on multimedia learning, the authors developed a strategy training for 9th-grade students. To evaluate it, 31 students received the aforementioned training and 33 students received placebo control training. After that, students completed a multimedia learning session on meiosis. Results showed that although the experimental training improved students’ strategy knowledge, it had no effect on learning outcomes. Accordingly, students acquired strategy knowledge but did not apply it later. Implications for the design of multimedia strategy interventions and future research are discussed. 相似文献
110.
This study investigated young children's commitment to a joint goal by assessing whether peers in collaborative activities continue to collaborate until all received their rewards. Forty-eight 2.5- and 3.5-year-old children worked on an apparatus dyadically. One child got access to her reward early. For the partner to benefit as well, this child had to continue to collaborate even though there was no further reward available to her. The study found that 3.5-year-olds, but not 2.5-year-olds, eagerly assisted their unlucky partner. They did this less readily in a noncollaborative control condition. A second study confirmed that 2.5-year-old children understood the task structure. These results suggest that children begin to appreciate the normative dimensions of collaborative activities during the 3rd year of life. 相似文献