The narratives of abused children who have survived attempted filicide     

Carmit Katz 《Child abuse & neglect》2013

Child abuse is a social problem that receives much attention from policy makers, practitioners, and researchers. This alarming phenomenon generates many consequences for children, their families, and society as a whole; one tragic consequence of child abuse is filicide. Because of the unfortunate circumstances surrounding such events, children are hushed by their perpetrators, whether abusers or killers, and we are thus denied the opportunity to hear their voices and to promote understanding of the phenomenon. The aim of the current study is to explore in depth the patterns and themes that can be found in the narratives of children who survived a murder attempt by one of their parents. Content analysis was performed on seven investigative interviews with children using thematic analysis. Five key categories were determined based on the children's narratives: (a) many bad things have happened to me, (b) this was not the first time I was abused by my parent, (c) I am concerned about my parent, (d) I am alive thanks to my siblings, and (e) it is hard to remember what exactly happened. This study contributes to the understanding of child physical abuse and filicide. The discussion integrated conclusions for policy makers and practitioners who seek methods of addressing child abuse as well as determining whether and how filicide can be prevented.  相似文献   

Canine cognition     

Jeffrey S. Katz  Ludwig Huber 《Learning & behavior》2018,46(4):333-334

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Affordances of Item Formats and Their Effects on Test‐Taker Cognition under Uncertainty     

Jung Aa Moon  Madeleine Keehner  Irvin R. Katz 《Educational Measurement》2019,38(1):54-62

The current study investigated how item formats and their inherent affordances influence test‐takers’ cognition under uncertainty. Adult participants solved content‐equivalent math items in multiple‐selection multiple‐choice and four alternative grid formats. The results indicated that participants’ affirmative response tendency (i.e., judge the given information as True) was affected by the presence of a grid, type of grid options, and their visual layouts. The item formats further affected the test scores obtained from the alternatives keyed True and the alternatives keyed False, and their psychometric properties. The current results suggest that the affordances rendered by item design can lead to markedly different test‐taker behaviors and can potentially influence test outcomes. They emphasize that a better understanding of the cognitive implications of item formats could potentially facilitate item design decisions for large‐scale educational assessments.  相似文献   

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND EMOTION SOCIALIZATION     

Lynn Fainsilber Katz  Tami Rigterink 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》2012,77(2):52-60

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The Chinese innovation system during economic transition: A scale-independent view     

Xia Gao  Xiaochuan Guo  Katz J. Sylvan  Jiancheng Guan 《Journal of Informetrics》2010,4(4):618-628

This paper uses scale-independent indicators to explore the Chinese national and regional innovation systems during economic transition. Our perception of an innovation system is frequently informed by conventional indicators based on linear assumptions while actually innovation systems may behave differently. Scale-independent indicators characterize non-linear properties of an innovation system. They can give decision makers deeper insight into the dynamics of innovation systems, and they may lead to more practical public policies [Katz, J. S. (2006). Indicators for complex innovation systems. Research Policy, 35, 893–909].As reported for the European and Canadian innovation systems the Chinese systems exhibited scaling correlations between GERD (Gross Expenditure on Domestic R&D) and GDP (Gross Domestic Product) over time and at points in time. The scaling factors of the correlations tell us that between 1995 and 2005 the Chinese GERD exhibited a strong non-linear tendency to increase with GDP. Furthermore they show that the GERD of the Western region is growing much slower than its GDP as compared with Eastern and Central regions. This observation has policy implications suggesting further improvements need to be made to the research infrastructure and funding of the Western region.The GDP–POP (Population) scaling factor shows that the ‘wealth intensity’ or GDP per capita is increasing much faster than the exponential growth of the Chinese population. In contrast the systemic GDP–POP scaling factor shows that regional development is non-linear. Finally, the paper–GDP and patent–GDP scaling factors tell us that outputs of science and technology for China are growing faster than economic growth. The systemic paper–GDP and patent–GDP scaling factors show that the growth rates are uneven across the provinces.  相似文献   

Individual differences: Either relational learning or item-specific learning in a same/different task     

L. Caitlin Elmore  Anthony A. Wright  Jacquelyne J. Rivera  Jeffrey S. Katz 《Learning & behavior》2009,37(2):204-213

Three pigeons were trained in a three-item simultaneous same/different task. Three of six stimulus combinations were not trained (untrained set) and were tested later. Following acquisition, the subjects were tested with novel stimuli, the untrained set, training-stimulus inversions, and object shape and color manipulations. There was no novel-stimulus transfer—that is, no abstract-concept learning. Two pigeons showed partial transfer to untrained pairs and good transfer to stimulus inversions, suggesting that they had learned the relationship between the stimuli. Lack of transfer by the third pigeon suggests item-specific learning. The somewhat surprising finding of relational learning by 2 pigeons with only six training pairs suggests restricted-domain relational learning that was controlled more by color than by shape features. Individual differences of item-specific learning by 1 pigeon and relational learning by 2 others demonstrate that this task can be learned in different ways and that relational learning can occur in the absence of novel-stimulus transfer.  相似文献   

Key determinants of time to 5 m in different ventral swimming start techniques     

Ricardo Peterson Silveira  Pro Stergiou  Pedro Figueiredo  Flávio de S. Castro  Larry Katz  Darren J. Stefanyshyn 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(10):1317-1326

The aim of this study was to determine the biomechanical parameters that explain ventral start performance in swimming. For this purpose, 13 elite swimmers performed different variants of the ventral start technique. Two-dimensional video analyses of the aerial and underwater phases were used to assess 16 kinematic parameters from the starting signal to 5?m, and an instrumented starting block was used to assess kinetic data. A Lasso regression was used to reduce the number of parameters, providing the main determinants to starting performance, revealing different combinations of key determinants, depending on the variant (r²?≥?0.90), with flight distance being the most relevant to all variants (r?≤??0.80; p?r?=??0.79; p?r?≤?0.61; p?r²?=?0.66) or block time and flight distance (r²?=?0.83). These data provide relevant contributions to the further understanding of the biomechanics of swimming starts as well as insights for performance analysis and targeted interventions to improve athlete performance.  相似文献   

Modification of Children's Gender-Stereotyped Behavior     

Phyllis A. Katz  P. Vincent Walsh 《Child development》1991,62(2):338-351

2 studies of 8- and 11- year-old children explored factors related to willingness $$. Study I assessed baseline gender prefernces and gender-reiatd cognitive flexibility. While older children were found to have greater congnitive flexibility, and older boys had more stereotyped preferences, such questionnaire measures were not highly predictive of gender-atraditional behavior. Study 2 explored the parameters of vicarious social reinforcement in the symbolic modeling of gender-atraditional behavior. Peer reinforcers were more effective with younger children and on child-oriented tasks, whereas adult reinforcers were more effective with older children and on adult-oriented gender tasks. Both studies found that considerably more atraditional behavior was elicited with male examiners, suggesting more attention needs to be paid to this variable. Possible mechanisms underlying this effect are discussed.  相似文献   

Reflection-impulsivity and color-form sorting     

J M Katz 《Child development》1971,42(3):745-754

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Emotion Reactivity and Regulation in Maltreated Children: A Meta-Analysis     

Iris Lavi  Lynn Fainsilber Katz  Emily J. Ozer  James J. Gross 《Child development》2019,90(5):1503-1524

The many adverse effects of child maltreatment make the scientific investigation of this phenomenon a matter of vital importance. Although the relationship between maltreatment and problematic emotion reactivity and regulation has been studied, the strength and specificity of these associations are not yet clear. We examine the magnitude of the maltreatment—child-emotion reactivity/regulation link. Studies with substantiated maltreatment involving children aged up to 18 were included, along with a smaller number of longitudinal studies (58 papers reviewed, encompassing more than 11,900 children). In comparison to nonmaltreated children, maltreated children experience more negative emotions, behave in a manner indicative of more negative emotion, and display emotion dysregulation. We outline several theoretical implications of our results.  相似文献